This is a list of rulers of Prome (Pyay) from the end of Pagan period to the beginning of Restored Toungoo Dynasty of Burma (Myanmar). Strategically located at the border of the Hanthawaddy Kingdom, the city of Prome (Pyay) was governed closely by the central government throughout the Small Kingdoms period (1287–1555). Unlike in other locations, the high kings at Ava by and large did not allow hereditary viceroyship at Prome. A new governor, usually a senior prince close to the royal family, was appointed. The arrangement broke down in 1482 when the Prome Kingdom gained independence from Ava. In the early 17th century, Restored Toungoo kings abolished then existing hereditary viceroyships throughout the entire Irrawaddy valley.[note 1] After Pye Min, the office became strictly an appointed mayoralty, with the title of the office changed to wun (mayor/minister) from hitherto prevalent titles min (viceroy) or ne-sa (governor).[1]
List of rulers
editThe following list is per the standard Burmese chronicles Maha Yazawin and Hmannan Yazawin, unless otherwise noted.[2][3] The Yazawin Thit chronicle reports a slightly different list.[4] The summary lists of the rulers of Prome in both Maha Yazawin and Hmannan Yazawin are internally inconsistent in terms of dates with their own reporting in the narrative sections. See the individual articles for inconsistencies.
| Name | Term From | Term Until | Relationship to predecessor(s) | Overlord | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Thihathu I | 1275[note 2] | 1288 | Appointed | Narathihapate (1275–87) | In revolt (1287–88) |
| Pazzawta | c. 1288 | c. 1305 | Chief Minister of Thihathu I | Kyawswa (1289–97) Myinsaing brothers (1297–1310) |
According to Yazawin Thit |
| Kyaswa | c. 1305 | c. 1344 | Younger brother of Thihathu I | Myinsaing brothers (1297–1310) Thihathu (1310–25) |
|
| Saw Yan Naung | c. 1344 | 1377/78 | Grandson of Thihathu I | Pinya kings (c. 1344–64) Thado Minbya (1364–67) Swa Saw Ke (1367–77/78) |
Elder brother of Swa Saw Ke of Ava |
| Myet-Hna Shay | 1377/78 | 1388/89 | Nephew | Swa Saw Ke | |
| Htihlaing | 1388/89 | 1390 | Appointed | Swa Saw Ke | |
| Letya Pyanchi | 1390 | c. April 1413 | Appointed | Swa Saw Ke (1390–1400) Tarabya (1400) Minkhaung I (1400–13) |
|
| Sokkate | c. April 1413 | July 1413 | Appointed | Minkhaung I | Acting governor |
| Minye Kyawswa I | c. July 1413 | c. November 1413 | Appointed | Minkhaung I | Minye Kyawswa Saw Shwe Khet, not the crown prince, per Yazawin Thit |
| Thihathu II | c. November 1413 | c. November 1416 | Appointed | Minkhaung I | Later King Thihathu of Ava |
| Minye Kyawswa II | c. November 1416 | c. March 1422 | Appointed | Minkhaung I (1416–21) Thihathu (1421–25) |
Reappointed to be governor of Tharrawaddy |
| Min Maha | c. March 1422 | 1429 | Appointed | Min Hla (1425) Kale Kye-Taung Nyo (1425–26) Mohnyin Thado (1426–29) |
Reappointed to be governor of Sagu |
| Thihathu III | 1429 | 25 April 1442 | Appointed | Mohnyin Thado (1429–39) Minye Kyawswa I (1439–42) |
Later known as King Narapati I of Ava |
| Minye Kyawswa II | by 11 March 1442 | January 1446 | Appointed | Narapati I | Second term at Prome; Brother-in-law of Narapati I; Again reappointed to be governor of Tharrawaddy |
| Mingyi Swa | January 1446 | 1482 | Appointed | Narapati I (1446–68) Thihathura I (1468–80) Minkhaung II (1480–82) |
|
| Thado Minsaw | 1482 | February 1527 | Son of Narapati of Ava | None | Independent |
| Bayin Htwe | by 1 March 1527 | c. December 1532 | Son | None | Independent |
| Narapati | c. December 1532 | c. February 1539 | Son | Thohanbwa | Vassal of Confederation of Shan States |
| Minkhaung | c. February 1539 | 19 May 1542 | Brother | Thohanbwa | Vassal of Confederation of Shan States |
| Thado Dhamma Yaza I | 19 May 1542 | 30 August 1551 | Appointed | Tabinshwehti (1542–50) | Tutor of Tabinshwehti; In revolt (1550–51) |
| Thado Dhamma Yaza II | 30 August 1551 | Nov/Dec 1588 | Appointed | Bayinnaung (1551–81) Nanda (1581–88) |
Younger brother of Bayinnaung |
| Thado Dhamma Yaza III | 26 February 1589 | 15 September 1597 | Appointed | Nanda (1588–1594) | Son of Nanda; in revolt (1595–97) |
| Yan Naing | 17 September 1597 | 13 July 1608[5] | Usurper | None | Independent; Taken to Ava as POW |
| Thado Dhamma Yaza IV | 2 November 1620[6] | 9 July 1628 | Appointed | Anaukpetlun (1620–28) | Later known as King Thalun |
| Minye Thiha, born (Udein Kyawhtin) | June 1630[7] | 1650 | Appointed | Thalun | |
| Pye Min | 13 September 1650 | 3 June 1661 | Appointed | Pindale |
See also
editNotes
edit- ^ See (Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 214–216) and (Maha Yazawin 2006: 163–165) for Prome's leadership changes during the Pinya and Ava periods. See (Lieberman 2003: 161–162) for abolishing of hereditary viceroyships.
- ^ Per scholarship (Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 326, footnote 1). Both standard chronicles Maha Yazawin (Maha Yazawin Vol. 2 2006: 163) and Hmannan (Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 214) state that the city of Prome was reestablished by Thihathu of Prome, a son of Narathihapate, in 604 ME (1242/1243 CE). However, Thihathu could not have founded the city in 1242/1243 since his father Narathihapate was born only in 1238. Scholarship gives 1275.
References
edit- ^ Hmannan Vol. 3 2003: 271–272
- ^ Maha Yazawin Vol. 2 2006: 163–165
- ^ Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 214–216
- ^ Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 326
- ^ (Hmannan Vol. 3 2003: 148): 1st waxing of Wagaung 970 ME = 13 July 1608
- ^ (Hmannan Vol. 3 2003: 183–184): Monday, 9th waxing of Tazaungmon 982 ME = 2 November 1620
- ^ (Hmannan Vol. 3 2003: 201): Waso 992 ME = 10 June 1630 to 9 July 1650
Bibliography
edit- Kala, U (2006) [1724]. Maha Yazawin (in Burmese). Vol. 1–3 (4th printing ed.). Yangon: Ya-Pyei Publishing.
- Lieberman, Victor B. (2003). Strange Parallels: Southeast Asia in Global Context, c. 800–1830, volume 1, Integration on the Mainland. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-80496-7.
- Royal Historical Commission of Burma (2003) [1832]. Hmannan Yazawin (in Burmese). Vol. 1–3. Yangon: Ministry of Information, Myanmar.