List of psychoactive substances and precursor chemicals derived from genetically modified organisms

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Psychoactive substances edit

Psychoactive substances derived from genetically modified organisms.

Cocaine
- GMO plant: Nicotiana benthamiana (a tobacco plant)^[1]
Psilocybin
- GMO bacteria: Escherichia coli^[2]
- GMO yeast: Baker’s yeast^[3]^[4]^[5]
THC
- GMO bacteria: Zymomonas mobilis (used to produce tequila)^[6]^[7]^[8]
Tropane alkaloids: Hyoscyamine and scopolamine
- GMO yeast: Baker’s yeast^[9]

Precursor chemicals edit

Precursor chemicals derived from genetically modified organisms.

Lysergic acid (LSD precursor)
- GMO yeast: Baker’s yeast^[10]
Thebaine (morphine precursor)
- GMO bacteria: E. coli^[11]

See also edit

List of psychoactive substances derived from artificial fungi biotransformation

References edit

^ "Genetically modified tobacco plant produces cocaine in its leaves". New Scientist.
^ Satyanarayana M (7 October 2019). "Modified E. coli pump out psilocybin". Chemical & Engineering News. 97 (39): 11. doi:10.1021/cen-09739-scicon9. S2CID 208747979. Archived from the original on December 3, 2019. Retrieved December 3, 2019.
^ Technical University of Denmark (2020-04-16). "Psychedelic compound from magic mushrooms produced in yeast". phys.org. Archived from the original on April 30, 2020. Retrieved 2020-05-02.
^ Milne N (2021-01-15). "Magic Yeasts and How to Make Them Produce Psilocybin". MIND Foundation. Archived from the original on January 15, 2021. Retrieved 2021-01-17.
^ Wong, G; Lim, LR; Tan, YQ; Go, MK; Bell, DJ; Freemont, PS; Yew, WS (7 February 2022). "Reconstituting the complete biosynthesis of D-lysergic acid in yeast". Nature Communications. 13 (1): 712. Bibcode:2022NatCo..13..712W. doi:10.1038/s41467-022-28386-6. PMC 8821704. PMID 35132076.
^ "Yeast produce low-cost, high-quality cannabinoids". ScienceDaily.
^ "German scientists use gene-edited Tequila bacteria to produce cannabinoids". The Drinks Business. 28 March 2019.
^ Luo X, Reiter MA, d'Espaux L, Wong J, Denby CM, Lechner A, et al. (March 2019). "Complete biosynthesis of cannabinoids and their unnatural analogues in yeast" (PDF). Nature. 567 (7746): 123–26. Bibcode:2019Natur.567..123L. doi:10.1038/s41586-019-0978-9. PMID 30814733. S2CID 71147445.
^ Srinivasan, Prashanth; Smolke, Christina D. (September 2020). "Biosynthesis of medicinal tropane alkaloids in yeast". Nature. 585 (7826): 614–619. Bibcode:2020Natur.585..614S. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2650-9. PMC 7529995. PMID 32879484.
^ "Harvesting baker's yeast for aging-related therapeutics". ScienceDaily.
^ "Genetically modified E. coli pump out morphine precursor: Bacteria yield 300 times more opiates than yeast". ScienceDaily.

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