This article needs additional citations for verification. (October 2014) |
This is a list of high voltage (above 150 kV) AC electrical transmission lines. This list is incomplete.
For high-voltage direct current, both underground and submarine, see List of HVDC projects.
Austria
editFacility | Length (km) | Year of inauguration | Voltage | Coordinates of endpoints |
---|---|---|---|---|
Vienna/Substation-South - Vienna/Kendlergasse | ? | 1984 | 380 kV | 48°09′54″N 16°19′52″E / 48.1651°N 16.3312°E ; 48°12′19″N 16°18′40″E / 48.2052°N 16.3111°E |
Vienna/Kendlergasse - Simmering | ? | ? | 380 kV | 48°12′19″N 16°18′40″E / 48.2052°N 16.3111°E ; 48°10′53″N 16°26′02″E / 48.1813°N 16.4338°E |
Vienna/Substation-North - Vienna/Dr.-Nekowitschstrasse | 5,5 | 2006 | 380 kV | 48°15′27″N 16°23′24″E / 48.2576°N 16.3900°E ; 48°17′48″N 16°23′45″E / 48.2968°N 16.3958°E |
Vienna/Substation-South - Vienna-South Cable Terminal | ? | ? | 380 kV | 48°09′54″N 16°19′52″E / 48.1651°N 16.3312°E ; 48°08′10″N 16°20′26″E / 48.1362°N 16.3406°E |
Belgium
editBelgium/Germany
editFacility | Length (km) | Year of inauguration | Voltage | Coordinates of endpoints |
---|---|---|---|---|
Aachen Liege Electricity Grid Overlay (ALEGrO) | 90 | 2020 | 380 kV DC | 50°45′11″N 5°40′03″E / 50.7530°N 5.6676°E;50°52′18″N 6°27′10″E / 50.8718°N 6.4529°E |
Czech Republic
editFacility | Length (km) | Year of inauguration | Voltage | Coordinates of endpoints |
---|---|---|---|---|
Hradec substation, powerline to Etzenricht | ? | 1993 | 380 kV | 50°20′48″N 13°19′26″E / 50.3466°N 13.3239°E ; 50°20′42″N 13°19′54″E / 50.3451°N 13.3317°E |
Denmark
editDenmark/Germany
editFacility | Length (km) | Year of inauguration | Voltage | Coordinates of endpoints |
---|---|---|---|---|
Kontek | 171 | 1995 | 400 kV DC | 55°27′05″N 12°00′22″E / 55.4515°N 12.0061°E;54°06′03″N 12°12′58″E / 54.1008°N 12.2161°E |
Kriegers Flak B Offshore Substation - Baltic 2 Offshore Substation | 24 | 2021 | 150-170 kV | 55°02′55″N 12°56′43″E / 55.0485°N 12.9453°E;54°58′20″N 13°09′42″E / 54.9721°N 13.1617°E |
Denmark/Netherlands
editFacility | Length (km) | Year of inauguration | Voltage | Coordinates of endpoints |
---|---|---|---|---|
COBRAcable | 325 | 2019 | 320 kV DC | 55°31′51″N 8°42′21″E / 55.5308°N 8.7058°E;53°26′08″N 6°52′01″E / 53.4356°N 6.8670°E |
Denmark/Norway
editFacility | Length (km) | Year of inauguration | Voltage | Coordinates of endpoints |
---|---|---|---|---|
Skagerrak 1 and 2 | 127 | 1977 | 250 kV DC | 57°07′34″N 9°03′59″E / 57.1262°N 9.0663°E;58°07′45″N 8°10′03″E / 58.1291°N 8.1676°E |
Skagerrak 3 | 127 | 1993 | 350 kV DC | 57°07′34″N 9°03′59″E / 57.1262°N 9.0663°E;58°07′45″N 8°10′03″E / 58.1291°N 8.1676°E |
Skagerrak 4 | 237 | 2014 | 500 kV DC | 56°28′44″N 9°34′00″E / 56.4788°N 9.5666°E;58°15′35″N 7°53′59″E / 58.2597°N 7.8997°E |
Denmark/Sweden
editFacility | Length (km) | Year of inauguration | Voltage | Coordinates of endpoints |
---|---|---|---|---|
Øresund Crossing Helsingør/Helsingborg | 8 | ? | 380 kV | 56°04′58″N 12°30′01″E / 56.0829°N 12.5002°E;56°07′57″N 12°35′44″E / 56.1324°N 12.5955°E |
Konti-Skan 1 (Lyngså-Læsø) | 22 | 1965 | 285 kV DC | 57°14′02″N 10°32′29″E / 57.2338°N 10.5414°E;57°15′09″N 10°54′13″E / 57.2524°N 10.9036°E |
Konti-Skan 1 (Læsø-Ambjörnhagen) | 59 | 1965 | 285 kV DC | 57°18′32″N 11°07′35″E / 57.3090°N 11.1265°E;57°34′11″N 11°58′28″E / 57.5698°N 11.9744°E |
Konti-Skan 2 (Lyngså-Læsø) | 22 | 1988 | 300 kV DC | 57°14′02″N 10°32′29″E / 57.2338°N 10.5414°E;57°15′09″N 10°54′13″E / 57.2524°N 10.9036°E |
Konti-Skan 2 (Læsø-Ambjörnhagen) | 59 | 1988 | 300 kV DC | 57°18′32″N 11°07′35″E / 57.3090°N 11.1265°E;57°34′11″N 11°58′28″E / 57.5698°N 11.9744°E |
Egypt/Jordan
editFacility | Length (km) | Year of inauguration | Voltage | Coordinates of endpoints |
---|---|---|---|---|
Red Sea Cable | 13.6 | 1998 | 400 kV | 29°29′11″N 34°52′31″E / 29.4863°N 34.8754°E ; 29°25′57″N 34°58′38″E / 29.4324°N 34.9771°E |
Germany
editGermany/Norway
editFacility | Length (km) | Year of inauguration | Voltage | Coordinates of endpoints |
---|---|---|---|---|
NordLink | 570 | 2021 | 500 kV DC | 53°55′09″N 9°20′39″E / 53.9192°N 9.3443°E;58°15′59″N 6°40′47″E / 58.2664°N 6.6798°E |
Germany/Sweden
editFacility | Length (km) | Year of inauguration | Voltage | Coordinates of endpoints |
---|---|---|---|---|
Baltic Cable | 250 | 1994 | 450 kV DC | 53°53′46″N 10°48′09″E / 53.8961°N 10.8024°E;55°25′27″N 13°03′44″E / 55.4241°N 13.0621°E |
Morocco/ Spain
editFacility | Length (km) | Year of inauguration | Voltage | Coordinates of endpoints |
---|---|---|---|---|
Gibraltar Strait Power Cable | ? | 1998 | 380 kV | 35°49′51″N 5°36′49″W / 35.8309°N 5.6137°W ; 36°01′56″N 5°36′22″W / 36.0323°N 5.6061°W |
Italy
editFacility | Length (km) | Year of inauguration | Voltage | Coordinates of endpoints |
---|---|---|---|---|
Messina Strait Cable | ? | 1985 | 380 kV | 38°12′12″N 15°38′16″E / 38.2032°N 15.6379°E ; 38°13′43″N 15°33′40″E / 38.2286°N 15.5611°E |
Milan Section of Turbigo-Rho line | 8.5 | 2006 | 380 kV | 45°31′46″N 8°58′17″E / 45.5294°N 8.9714°E ; 45°32′38″N 9°03′24″E / 45.5439°N 9.0568°E |
Italy / Malta
editFacility | Length (km) | Year of inauguration | Voltage | Coordinates of endpoints |
---|---|---|---|---|
Malta–Sicily interconnector | 120 | 2015 | 220 kV | 36°52′51″N 14°40′51″E / 36.8809°N 14.6809°E ; 35°56′19″N 14°26′17″E / 35.9386°N 14.4380°E |
Japan
editFacility | Length (km) | Year of inauguration | Voltage | Coordinates of endpoints |
---|---|---|---|---|
Shin-Toyosu Line[5] | 40 | November 2000 | 500 kV | 35.6479°N, 139.7913°E ; 35.7801°N, 140.07131°E |
Luxembourg
editFacility | Length (km) | Year of inauguration | Voltage | Coordinates of endpoints |
---|---|---|---|---|
Bettembourg West Bypass ( Part of 220 kV-line Schifflange-Berchem) | ? | ? | 220 kV | 49°30′58″N 6°05′24″E / 49.5160°N 6.0899°E ; 49°31′59″N 6°06′06″E / 49.5331°N 6.1017°E |
Netherlands
editNetherlands/Norway
editFacility | Length (km) | Year of inauguration | Voltage | Coordinates of endpoints |
---|---|---|---|---|
NorNed | 580 | 2008 | 450 kV DC | 53°26′05″N 6°51′58″E / 53.4346°N 6.8662°E;58°16′57″N 6°52′02″E / 58.2826°N 6.8673°E |
New Zealand
editFacility | Length (km) | Year of inauguration | Voltage | Coordinates of endpoints |
---|---|---|---|---|
Brownhill–Pakuranga link | 11 | 2012 | 220 kV | 36°58′25″S 174°57′35″E / 36.9736°S 174.9597°E 36°55′34″S 174°54′23″E / 36.9261°S 174.9063°E |
Auckland cross-harbour power cable (Pakuranga–Albany) |
37 | 2014 | 220 kV | 36°55′34″S 174°54′23″E / 36.9261°S 174.9063°E ; 36°44′22″S 174°41′27″E / 36.7395°S 174.6907°E |
Norway
editFacility | Length (km) | Year of inauguration | Voltage | Coordinates of endpoints |
---|---|---|---|---|
Oslofjorden Cable Crossing | 420 kV | 59°20′36″N 10°28′44″E / 59.3432°N 10.4790°E ; 59°21′55″N 10°39′42″E / 59.3654°N 10.6616°E |
Spain
editFacility | Length (km) | Year of inauguration | Voltage | Coordinates of endpoints |
---|---|---|---|---|
Madrid Barajas Runway Tunnel | 13 | 2003 | 380 kV | 40°32′59″N 3°34′00″W / 40.5498°N 3.5667°W ; 40°27′03″N 3°31′17″W / 40.4509°N 3.5213°W |
Switzerland/ Italy
editFacility | Length (km) | Year of inauguration | Voltage | Coordinates of endpoints |
---|---|---|---|---|
Mendrisio – Cagno Interconnection | 8 | 2008 | 400 | 45°48′50″N 8°54′11″E / 45.8140°N 8.9031°E ; 45°51′53″N 8°58′18″E / 45.8647°N 8.9717°E |
Turkey
editFacility | Length (km) | Year of inauguration | Voltage | Coordinates of endpoints |
---|---|---|---|---|
Sutlüce - Lapseki (Dardanelles crossing I) | 4.6 | 2015 | 400 | 40°21′06″N 26°37′05″E / 40.35161°N 26.617991°E ; 40°19′32″N 26°39′05″E / 40.32560°N 26.65152°E |
Sutlüce - Lapseki (Dardanelles crossing II) | 4.6 | 2017 | 400 | 40°20′05″N 26°36′00″E / 40.33481°N 26.599901°E ; 40°19′04″N 26°38′33″E / 40.31766°N 26.64238°E |
United Kingdom
editFacility | Length (km) | Year of inauguration | Voltage | Coordinates of endpoints |
---|---|---|---|---|
Beatrice Wind Farm, Moray Firth – Blackhillock substation, Moray[10] | 70 | 2007, 2018 | 220 kV | 58°7′48″N 3°4′12″W ; 57.4984°N 2.9883°W |
Bicester, East Claydon – Bicester substations, Oxfordshire[11] | 132 kV | 51.92663°N 0.90307°W | ||
Bradford, Bradford West – Kirkstall substations (line partly underground) Yorkshire[12] | 275 kV | 53.82822°N 1.77895°W | ||
Brechfa Forest West onshore wind farm, Carmarthenshire[13] | 2018 | 132 kV | 51°59′00″N 04°09′50″W | |
Burbo Bank offshore wind farm, Liverpool Bay – onshore substation, Denbighshire[14] | 2008, 2017 | 220 kV | 53.48°N 3.26°W ;
53.26038°N 3.50465°W | |
Caithness-Moray Transmission link, Spittal, Caithness, Scotland – Blackhillock, Moray, Scotland[15] | 113[16] | 2019[17] | 320 kV | 58.4485°N 3.4376°W ; 57.4984°N 2.9883°W |
Dinorwig power station – Pentir, Gwynedd[18][19] | 1984 | 400 kV | 53° 7′ 7″ N, 4° 6′ 50″ W ;
53.1723°N 4.1694°W | |
Dorset Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty[20] | 9 | 2022 | 400kV | 50°39′36″N 2°30′40″W / 50.660°N 2.511°W ; 50°42′18″N 2°32′10″W / 50.705°N 2.536°W |
Dudgeon offshore wind farm – Necton substation, Norfolk[21] | 2017 | 132kV | 53.249°N 1.39°E ; 52.65838°N 0.80156°E | |
East Anglia one offshore wind farm – Bramford substation, Suffolk[22] | >43 | 2020 | 220 kV | 52°54′28″N 2°37′43″E ; 52.07049°N 1.06118°E |
Edinburgh, Gardners Crescent – Dewar Place Substation, Edinburgh[23] | 0.2 | 2010 | 275 kV | 55.92991°N 3.18669°W |
Fawley Tunnel (Fawley – Chilling), Hampshire[24] | 3.2 | 1966 | 400 kV | 50.826°N 1.314°W |
Fawley – Langley, Hampshire[25] | 132 kV | 50.81551°N 1.34029°W | ||
Greater Gabbard and Galloper Array offshore wind farms – Sizewell, Suffolk[26] | >23 | 2012 and 2018 | 132 kV | 51.8052°N 1.7855°E ;
52.215°N 1.61972°E |
Gunfleet sands offshore wind farm, Clacton, Essex[27] | 2010 | 132kV | 51°44′22″N 1°10′28″E ;
51.7945°N 1.2543°E | |
Gwynt y Môr offshore wind farm – Bodelwyddan substation, Denbighshire[28] | >18 | 2015 | 132 kV | 53°27′N 3°35′W ;
53.26038°N 3.50465°W |
Hornsea offshore wind farm – Killingholme, North East Lincolnshire[29] | 2019 | 220 kV | 53.885°N 1.791°E ;
53.64225°N 0.26928°E | |
Hull, Creyke Bank – Hull South substations, Hull | 132 kV | 53.79994°N 0.41269°W | ||
Hull, Sculcoates B – Cornwall Street substation, Hull | 132 kV | 53.76075°N 0.33407°W | ||
Hull, Salt End substation – Hull East substation, Hull[30] | 132 kV | 53.74236°N 0.23795°W | ||
HVDC Kingsnorth (Kingsnorth, Kent – Beddington – Willesden, London) | 59 km + 26 km | 1974 (decommissioned 1986) | ± 266 kV | 51.418947°N 0.602702°E ;
51.4011°N 0.1388°W |
Isle of Wight submarine cables (Langley, Hampshire – Cowes & East Wooton, Isle of Wight) | 132 kV | 50.80967°N 1.35447°W ;
50.711304°N 1.254048°W | ||
Kentish Flats offshore wind farm, Kent[31] | 2005 | 33 kV | 51°27′36″N 1°5′24″E ; 51.3548°N 1.08534°E | |
Laleham, Surrey – Ealing – Willesden, West London[32] | 275 kV | 51.4236°N 0.47021°W ; 51.5008°N 0.29402°W ; 51.53354°N 0.2553°W | ||
Liverpool, Kirkby –Lister Drive City, Merseyside | 10 | 2007 | 400 kV | 53.46966°N 2.84288°W |
London Array offshore wind farm – Cleve Hill, Kent[33] | 2013 | 150 kV | 51°38′N 1°29′E ;
51.3315°N 0.9303°E | |
London, St John's Wood – City Road | 400 kV | 51.52666°N 0.16488°W ; 51.52832°N 0.09124°W | ||
London, City Road – West Ham | 400 kV | 51.52832°N 0.09124°W ; 51.518684°N 0.002197°E | ||
London, Beddington Cable Tunnel,(Beddington – Rowdown) | 400 kV | 51.36594°N 0.12324°W ; 51.34789°N 0.00954°W | ||
London, Hertfordshire, Elstree to St. John's Wood Deep Cable Tunnel | 20 | 2005 | 400 kV | 51.52666°N 0.16488°W ; 51.65512°N 0.32714°W |
London, West Ham – Hackney (Lower Lea Valley Cable Tunnel) | 6.3 | 2008 | 400 kV | 51.518684°N 0.002197°E ; 51.56108°N 0.05404°W |
London, London Power Tunnels, (Hackney – St. John's Wood)[34] | 12.5 | 2018 | 400 kV | 51.56108°N 0.05404°W ; 51.53599°N 0.23703°W |
London, London Power Tunnels (St. John's Wood – Kensal Green – Willesden) | 7.4 | 2018 | 400 kV | 51.52666°N 0.16488°W ; 51.53599°N 0.23703°W |
London, London Power Tunnels (Kensal Green – Wimbledon) | 12.1 | 2018 | 400 kV | 51.52636°N 0.22584°W ; 51.42784°N 0.18237°W |
London, Wimbledon – New Cross[35] | 12 | 2025 (under construction) | 400 kV | 51.42784°N 0.18237°W ; 51.48082°N 0.06239°W |
London, New Cross – Hurst[35] | 18 | 2026 (under construction) | 400 kV | 51.48082°N 0.06239°W ; 51.43236°N 0.1541°E |
London, Hurst – Crayford[35] | 2.5 | 2024 (under construction) | 400 kV | 51.43236°N 0.1541°E ; 51.44775°N 0.17925°E |
London, St. John's Wood – Tottenham substations[36] | 275 kV | 51.527499°N 0.169376°W ; 51.603178°N 0.048243°W | ||
London, Tottenham – Redbridge substations | 275 kV | 51.603178°N 0.048243°W ; 51.588552°N 0.044926°E | ||
Lynn and Inner Dowsing offshore wind farms, Lincolnshire – Walpole substation, Norfolk | 2009 | 132 kV | 53°07′39″N 00°26′10″E ; 52.73139°N 0.2281°E | |
Moyle Interconnector (Auchencrosh, Dumfries and Galloway – Ballycronan More, County Antrim, Northern Ireland)[37] | 63.5 | 2001 | 275 kV DC | 55.07313°N 4.98188°W ; 54.83746°N 5.7806°W |
Orrmonde offshore wind farm – Heysham, Lancashire[38] | 2012 | 132 kV | 54°6′N 3°24′W ; 54.0331°N 2.87913°W | |
Race Bank offshore wind farm – Walpole substation, Norfolk[39] | 2018 | 250 kV | 53.276°N 0.841°E ; 52.73139°N 0.2281°E | |
Rampion offshore wind farm – Bolney, Sussex[40] | 2018 | 150 kV | 50°40′0″N 0°16′0″W ; 50.97535°N 0.22574°W | |
Redcar, Lackenby –Thornton, part buried, Redcar and Cleveland | 400 kV | 54.5157°N 1.169°W | ||
River Medway Cable Tunnels (Grain – Chetney Marsh), Kent | 1.7 | 1977 | 400 kV | 51°25'14.6"N 0°41'59.6"E ; 51°26'09.0"N 0°42'18.9"E |
Severn-Wye Cable Tunnel (Aust – Newhouse) | 3.6 | 1973 | 400 kV | 51.608459°N 2.615454°W ; 51.610878°N 2.669090°W |
Sheffield, Neepsend – Pitsmoor and Sheffield City substations, South Yorkshire | 275 kV | 53.4026°N 1.48569°W | ||
Sheringhan Shoal offshore wind farm, Norfolk – substation, Norfolk[41] | 2012 | 132 kV | 53.135°N 1.147°E ; 52.76802°N 1.13913°E | |
Thanet offshore wind farm – Richborough, Kent | 2010 | 132 kV | 51.4306°N 1.6331°E ; 51.3101°N 1.35278°E | |
Walney and West of Duddon Sands offshore wind farms – Heysham Lancashire | 2011, 2014, 2018 | 220 kV | 54.044°N 3.522°W and 53.983°N 3.463°W ; 54.0331°N 2.87913°W | |
Western HVDC Link (Hunterston – Connah's Quay) | 422 | 2018 | 600 kV DC | 55°43′20″N 4°53′24″W ; 53.232162°N 3.0813°W |
Woodhead tunnel, South Yorkshire | 4.888 | 1969[42] | 400 kV | 53.495659°N 1.829765°W ; 53.517377°N 1.765451°W |
River Thames | For crossings under the Thames see Powerline river crossings in the United Kingdom |
UK – Europe
editFacility | Length (km) | Year of inauguration | Voltage | Coordinates of endpoints |
---|---|---|---|---|
BritNed (Isle of Grain, Kent – Maasvlakte, Netherlands)[43] | 260 | 2011 | ±450 kV DC | 51°26′24″N 0°43′0″E ; 51.96127°N 4.01617°E |
East–West Interconnector (Shotton, Flintshire, Wales – Rush North Beach, County Dublin, Republic of Ireland)[44] | 263 | 2012 | ±200 kV DC | 53°13′38″N 3°4′22″W ;
53°28′16″N 6°34′3″W |
HVDC Cross-Channel (Sellinge, Kent – Poste électrique des Mandarins, France)[45] | 73 | 1986 | ±270 kV DC | 51.10452°N 0.98393°E ; 50.90776°N 1.72806°E |
IFA-2 Interconnexion France-Angleterre (Fareham, Hampshire – Tourbe, France)[46] | 204 | Under construction | ±320 kV DC | 50.8217°N 1.18448°W ; 49.1139°N 0.2324°W |
Isle of Man to England Interconnector (Bispham, Blackpool – Douglas Head, Isle of Man)[47] | 104 | 2000 | 90 kV AC | 53°50′57″N 03°01′46″W ;
54°08′52″N 4°28′51″W |
Nemo Link (Richborough, Kent – Nemo Link Converter Station, Belgium)[48] | 141.5 | 2019 | 400 kV DC | 51.309239°N 1.344376°E ; 51.25245°N 3.17864°E |
North Sea Link (Blyth, Northumberland – Kvilldal, Norway)[49] | 730 | 2021 (Under testing phase) | ±515 kV DC | 55.14364°N 1.54245°W ; 59.4965°N 6.6984°E |
Viking Link (Bicker Fen, Lincolnshire – Revsing, Denmark) | 740 | 2023 (Under construction) | ±525 kV DC | 55.523056°N 8.709722°E ; 52.930278°N 0.220556°W |
Canada
editFacility | Length (km) | Year of inauguration | Voltage | Coordinates of endpoints |
---|---|---|---|---|
Trincomali Channel, AC-Cable | ? | ? | 280 kV | 48°52′46″N 123°24′10″W / 48.8794°N 123.4027°W ; 48°51′48″N 123°27′09″W / 48.8632°N 123.4525°W |
Galiano Island-Canadian Mainland, AC-Cable | ? | ? | 280 kV | 48°55′07″N 123°24′14″W / 48.9186°N 123.4040°W ; ? |
Malaspina Strait Cable | ? | ? | 500 kV | 49°40′27″N 124°12′13″W / 49.6741°N 124.2035°W ; 49°37′48″N 124°17′03″W / 49.6301°N 124.2842°W |
Texada Island-Vancouver Island Cable | ? | ? | 500 kV | 49°35′25″N 124°21′30″W / 49.5903°N 124.3582°W ; 49°25′18″N 124°38′35″W / 49.4217°N 124.6431°W |
United States of America
editFacility | Length (km) | Year of inauguration | Voltage | Coordinates of endpoints |
---|---|---|---|---|
Tehachapi Renewable Transmission Project[50] | 5.6 km buried of 278 km total | 2016 | 500 kV | Kern County, CA to Los Angeles and San Bernardino Counties. Undergrounded portion in Chino Hills, CA |
References
edit- ^ "Our infrastructure". www.elia.be. Retrieved 2023-09-09.
- ^ "Open Infrastructure Map". openinframap.org. Retrieved 2023-09-09.
- ^ "HoogspanningsNet Netkaart". webkaart.hoogspanningsnet.com. Retrieved 2023-09-09.
- ^ "Open Infrastructure Map". openinframap.org. Retrieved 2023-09-09.
- ^ Yonemoto, Norihiro (2003). "Construction of the World's First Long-Distance 500kV XLPE Cable Line". Fujikura Technical Review. 32: 26–30.
- ^ "Hoogspanningsnet Nederland - Asset gegevens TenneT TSO B.V." www.arcgis.com. Retrieved 2023-08-20.
- ^ "Open Infrastructure Map". openinframap.org. Retrieved 2023-08-20.
- ^ "HoogspanningsNet Netkaart". webkaart.hoogspanningsnet.com. Retrieved 2023-08-20.
- ^ "Net op zee". www.netopzee.eu. Retrieved 2023-09-09.
- ^ "Beatrice Offshore Windfarm". Beatrice Offshore Windfarm. Retrieved 1 April 2020.
- ^ "Open Infrastructure Map". Open Infrastructure Map. Retrieved 1 April 2020.
- ^ "Open Infrastructure Map". Open Infrastructure Map. Retrieved 2 April 2020.
- ^ "Brechfa Forest West Onshore Wind Farm". Innogy. Retrieved 31 March 2020.
- ^ "Burbo Bank Extension". 4C Offshore. Retrieved 31 March 2020.
- ^ "Caithness-Moray Transmission Project" (PDF). SSE. Retrieved 1 April 2020.
- ^ "Caithness - Moray". Caithness - Moray. Retrieved 2019-01-12.
- ^ Keane, Kevin (2019-01-11). "Major subsea electricity link completed". BBC News. Retrieved 2019-01-12.
- ^ "Open Infrastructure Map". Open Infrastructure Map. Retrieved 31 March 2020.
- ^ "Electric Mountain - Dinorwig power station". Electric Mountain. Retrieved 31 March 2020.
- ^ Boothroyd, John (10 December 2021). "Power for the past". British Archaeology. No. 182. York. pp. 49–50. ISSN 1357-4442.
- ^ "Dudgeon Offshore Wind Farm". Dudgeon Offshore Wind Farm. Retrieved 31 March 2020.
- ^ "East Anglia One". Scottish Power. Archived from the original on 17 February 2019. Retrieved 31 March 2020.
- ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-10-19. Retrieved 2014-10-14.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "Open Infrastructure Map". Open Infrastructure Map. Retrieved 31 March 2020.
- ^ "Open Infrastructure Map". Open Infrastructure Map. Retrieved 31 March 2020.
- ^ "Greater Gabbard". SSE. Retrieved 31 March 2020.
- ^ "Gunfleet Sands wind farm". Power Technology. Retrieved 31 March 2020.
- ^ "Gwynt y Mor wind farm". Innogy. Retrieved 31 March 2020.
- ^ "Orsted Our wind farms". Orsted. Retrieved 31 March 2020.
- ^ "Open Infrastructure Map". Open Infrastructure Map. Retrieved 1 April 2020.
- ^ "Kentish Flats". Vattenhall. Retrieved 31 March 2020.
- ^ "Open Infrastructure Map". Open Infrastructure Map. Retrieved 31 March 2020.
- ^ "London Array wind farm". Power Technology. Retrieved 31 March 2020.
- ^ "Energy for London". Energy for London. Retrieved 1 April 2020.
- ^ a b c "London Power Tunnels". London Power Tunnels. Retrieved 31 March 2020.
- ^ "Open Infrastructure Map". Open Infrastructure Map. Retrieved 1 April 2020.
- ^ "Mutual Energy". Mutual Energy. Retrieved 30 March 2020.
- ^ "Ormonde Wind Farm". Vattenfall Ormonde. Retrieved 31 March 2020.
- ^ "Race Bank offshore wind farm". Orsted. Retrieved 31 March 2020.
- ^ "The UK south coast's first offshore wind farm". Rampion Offshore. Retrieved 31 March 2020.
- ^ "Sheringham Schoal". Sheringham Schoal. Retrieved 31 March 2020.
- ^ The Electricity Council (1987). Electricity supply in the United Kingdom: a Chronology. London: The Electricity Council. p. 99. ISBN 085188105X.
- ^ "BritNed". BritNed. Retrieved 30 March 2020.
- ^ EirGrid. "Interconnection". Interconnection. Archived from the original on 22 February 2020. Retrieved 30 March 2020.
- ^ "Channel Cable". Channel Cable. Retrieved 30 March 2020.
- ^ "Interconnexion". 4C Offshore. Retrieved 30 March 2020.
- ^ "Manx Utilities". Manx Utilities. Retrieved 1 April 2020.
- ^ "Interconnected to the heart of Europe's electricity market". Nemolink. Retrieved 30 March 2020.
- ^ "North Sea Link". North Sea Link. Retrieved 30 March 2020.
- ^ Allen, Robin (2024-05-30). "Let's make a deal: high-capacity transmission edition - Niskanen Center". Niskanen Center - Improving Policy, Advancing Moderation. Retrieved 2024-07-29.