List of colonial governors of Portuguese Timor

This is a list of European (as well as Australian and Japanese) colonial administrators responsible for the territory of Portuguese Timor, an area equivalent to modern-day East Timor.

Governor of Portuguese Timor
Portuguese: Governador do Timor Português
Coat of arms of Portuguese Timor (1935–1975)
Residence	Palácio de Lahane
Nominator	Prime Minister of Portugal
Appointer	Monarch of Portugal (1647–1910) President of Portugal (1910–1975)
Precursor	None
Formation	1647
First holder	António de São Jacinto
Final holder	Mário Lemos Pires
Abolished	1975

Map of East Timor.

List

(Dates in italics indicate de facto continuation of office)

Portuguese Timor (Timor Português)
No.	Portrait	Incumbent	Tenure		Notes	Head(s) of state (Reign / Term)
			From	Until
Portuguese suzerainty
Subordinated to Portuguese India
1		António de São Jacinto Captain	1647	1649	In Cupão	John IV João IV House of Braganza (1647 – 6 November 1656)
2		Francisco Carneiro Captain	1649	1652	In Cupão
3		... Captain	1652	1662
						Alphonso VI Afonso VI House of Braganza (6 November 1656 – 12 September 1683)
4		Simão Luís Captain	1662	1664
5		Simão Luís Captain-Major	1665	1666
6		António Hornay Captain-Major Ad Interim	1666	1669	1st time
7		Fernão Martins da Ponte Captain-Major Ad Interim	1669	1670
8		Mateus da Costa Captain-Major Ad Interim	1671	1673
9		António Hornay Captain-Major Ad Interim	1673	1680	2nd time
10		João Antunes Portugal Captain-Major	1680	1680	Sent by the Kingdom of Portugal but refused by settlers
11		António Hornay Captain-Major Ad Interim	1680	1693	3rd time
						Peter II Pedro II House of Braganza (6 November 1683 – 9 December 1706)
12		Francisco Hornay Captain-Major Ad Interim	1694	1696
13		António de Mesquita Pimentel Captain-Major	1696	1697
14		André Coelho Vieira Captain-Major	1697	1697
15		Domingos da Costa Captain-Major Ad Interim	1697	1702
16		António Coelho Guerreiro Governor	20 February 1702	1705
17		Lourenço Lopes Governor	1705	1706
18		Manuel Ferreira de Almeida Governor	1706	1708	1st time	John V João V House of Braganza (9 December 1706 – 31 July 1750)
19		Jácome de Morais Sarmento Governor	1708	1709
20		Manuel de Souto-Maior Governor	1709	1714
21		Manuel Ferreira de Almeida Governor	1714	1714	2nd time
22		Domingos da Costa Governor	1714	1718
23		Francisco de Melo e Castro Governor	1718	1719
24		Manuel de Santo António Governor	1719	1722
25		António de Albuquerque Coelho Governor	1722	1725
26		António Moniz de Macedo Governor	1725	1729	1st time
27		Pedro de Melo Governor	1729	1731
28		Pedro do Rego Barreto da Gama e Castro Governor	1731	1734
29		António Moniz de Macedo Governor	1734	1739	2nd time
30		... Governor Ad Interim	1739	1741
31		Manuel Leonís de Castro Governor	1741	1745
32		Francisco Xavier Moraes Doutel Governor	1745	1748
33		Manuel Correia de Lacerda Governor	1748	1751
						Joseph I José I House of Braganza (31 July 1750 – 24 February 1777)
34		Manuel Doutel de Figueiredo Sarmento Governor	1751	1759
35		Sebastião de Azevedo e Brito Governor	1759	1760
36		... Governor Ad Interim	1760	1763
37		Dionísio Gonçalves Rebelo Galvão Governor	1763	1765
38		... Governor Ad Interim	1765	1768
39		António José Teles de Meneses Governor	1768	1776
40		Caetano de Lemos Telo de Meneses Governor	1776	1779
						Mary I Maria I House of Braganza (24 February 1777 – 20 March 1816) & Peter III Pedro III House of Braganza (24 February 1777 – 25 May 1786)
41		Lourenço de Brito Correia Governor	1779	1782
42		João Anselmo de Almeida Soares Governor	1782	1785
43		João Baptista Vieira Godinho Governor	1785	1788
44		Feliciano António Nogueira Lisboa Governor	1788	1790
45		Joaquim Xavier de Morias Sarmento Governor	1790	1794
46		João Baptista Verquaim Governor	1794	1800
47		José Joaquim de Sousa Governor	1800	1804
48		João Vicente Soares da Veiga Governor	1804	1807
49		António de Mendonça Côrte-Real Governor	1807	1810
50		António Botelho Homem Bernardes Pessõa Governor	1810	1810
51		Joaquim António Duarte da Silva Veloso Governor	1810	1812
52		Vitorino Freire da Cunha Gusmão Governor	1812	1815
53		José Pinto Alcoforado de Azevedo e Sousa Governor	1815	1819
						John VI João VI House of Braganza (20 March 1816 – 10 March 1826)
54		Gregório Rodrigues Pereira Governor	1819	1821
55		Manuel Joaquim de Matos e Góis Governor	1821	1832
						Peter IV Pedro IV House of Braganza (10 March 1826 – 2 May 1826)
						Mary II Maria II House of Braganza (2 May 1826 – 23 June 1828)
						Michael I Miguel I House of Braganza (26 February 1828 – 6 May 1834)
56		Miguel da Silveira Lorena Governor	1832	1832
57		Miguel Carlos da Cunha da Silveira e Lorena Governor	1832	1834
58		José Maria Marques Governor	1834	1839		Mary II Maria II House of Braganza (26 May 1834 – 15 November 1853) & Ferdinand II Fernando II House of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha-Koháry (16 September 1837 – 15 November 1853)
59		Frederico Leão Cabreira de Brito Alvelos Drago Valente Governor	1839	1844
Subordinated to Portuguese Macau
60		Julião José da Silva Vieiras Governor	1844	1848
61		António Olavo Monteiro Torres Governor	1848	30 October 1850
Separate colony
62		António Olavo Monteiro Torres Governor	30 October 1850	1851
63		José Joaquim Lopes de Lima Governor	23 June 1851	15 September 1851
Subordinated to Portuguese Macau
64		José Joaquim Lopes de Lima Governor	15 September 1851	8 September 1852	Died in office
65		Manuel de Saldanha da Gama Governor	1852	1856
						Peter V Pedro V House of Braganza (15 November 1853 – 11 November 1861)
Subordinated to Portuguese India
66		Luís Augusto de Almeida Macedo Governor	1856	1859
67		Afonso de Castro Governor	1859	1863
						Louis I Luís I House of Braganza (11 November 1861 – 19 October 1889)
Separate overseas province
68		José Manuel Pereira de Almeida Governor	1863	1864
69		José Eduardo da Costa Meneses Governor	1864	1866
Subordinated to Portuguese Macau
70		Francisco Teixeira da Silva Governor	1866	1869
		António Joaquim Garcia Governor
71		Pedro Carlos de Aguiar Craveiro Lopes Governor	1870	1870	Did not take office
72		João Clímaco de Carvalho Governor	1870	1871
		Manuel de Castro Sampaio Governor
73		Hugo Goodair de Lacerda Castelo Branco Governor	1873	1876	1st time
74		Joaquim António da Silva Ferrão Governor	1876	1878
		José Alves da Costa Governor
75		Hugo Goodair de Lacerda Castelo Branco Governor	1878	1880	2nd time
76		Augusto César Cardoso de Carvalho Governor	1880	1881
		José dos Santos Vaquinhas Governor
77		Bento da França Pinto de Oliveira Governor	1882	1883
		Porfírio Zeferino de Sousa Governor			1st time
		Francisco de Paula da Lua Governor
78		João Maria Pereira Governor	1883	1885
		Cipriano Forjaz Governor			1st time
79		Alfredo de Lacerda Maia Governor	1885	3 March 1887
80		António Joaquim Garcia Governor	1887	1887
81		António Francisco da Costa Governor	1887	1888
82		Rafael Jácome Lopes de Andrade Governor	1888	1889
83		Porfírio Zeferino de Sousa Governor	1889	1890	2nd time	Charles I Carlos House of Braganza (19 October 1889 – 1 February 1908)
84		Cipriano Forjaz Governor	1890	1894	2nd time
85		Porfírio Zeferino de Sousa Governor	1894	1894	3rd time
86		José Celestino da Silva Governor	1894	15 October 1896
Separate colony
87		José Celestino da Silva Governor	15 October 1896	1908
88		Jaime Augusto Vieira da Rocha Governor Ad Interim	1908	1908
						Emmanuel II Manuel II House of Braganza (1 February 1908 – 5 October 1910)
89		Eduardo Augusto Marquês Governor	1908	1909
90		Gonçalo Pereira Pimenta de Castro Governor	1909	1910	1st time
91		Alfredo Cardoso de Soveral Martins Governor	1910	30 October 1910
						Teófilo Braga Provisional President of the First Portuguese Republic (5 October 1910 – 24 August 1911)
92		Anselmo Augusto Coelho de Carvalho Governor Ad Interim	1910	1910
93		José Carrazeda Caldas Viana e Andrade Governor Ad Interim	1910	1910
94		Filomeno da Câmara Melo Cabral Governor	1911	1913	1st time; served during the East Timorese rebellion of 1911–12
						Manuel de Arriaga President of the First Portuguese Republic (24 August 1911 – 26 May 1915)
95		Gonçalo Pereira Pimenta de Castro Governor Ad Interim	1913	1914	2nd time
96		Filomeno da Cámara Melo Cabral Governor	1914	1917	2nd time
						Teófilo Braga President of the First Portuguese Republic (29 May 1915 – 5 October 1915)
						Bernardino Machado President of the First Portuguese Republic (5 October 1915 – 5 December 1917)
97		César de Abreu Governor Ad Interim	1917	1917
		José Machado Duarte Júnior Governor Ad Interim
98		Luís Augusto de Oliveira Franco Governor Ad Interim	1917	1919	1st time
						Sidónio Pais President of the First Portuguese Republic (28 April 1918 – 14 December 1918)
						João do Canto e Castro President of the First Portuguese Republic (16 December 1918 – 5 October 1919)
99		Manuel Paulo de Sousa Gentil Governor	1919	1920
						António José de Almeida President of the First Portuguese Republic (5 October 1919 – 5 October 1923)
100		Luís Augusto de Oliveira Franco Governor Ad Interim	1920	1921	2nd time
101		José de Paiva Gomes Governor	1921	1921	1st time
102		Humberto dos Santos Leitão Governor Ad Interim	1921	1921	1st time
103		José de Paiva Gomes Governor	1921	1923	2nd time
						Manuel Teixeira Gomes President of the First Portuguese Republic (5 October 1923 – 11 December 1925)
104		Humberto dos Santos Leitão Governor Ad Interim	1923	1924	2nd time
105		Raimundo Enes Meira Governor	1924	1926
						Bernardino Machado President of the First Portuguese Republic (11 December 1925 – 31 May 1926)
106		Teófilo Duarte Governor	1926	1929
						José Mendes Cabeçadas President of the Second Portuguese Republic (31 May 1926 – 17 June 1926)
						Manuel Gomes da Costa President of the Second Portuguese Republic (29 June 1926 – 9 July 1926)
						Óscar Carmona President of the Second Portuguese Republic (29 November 1926 – 18 April 1951)
107		Cesário Augusto de Almeida Viana Governor	1929	1930
108		Abel Teixeira da Costa Tavares Governor Ad Interim	1930	1930
109		Antonio Baptista Justo Governor	1930	1933
110		José Luís Fontoura de Sequeira Governor Ad Interim	1933	1933
111		Raúl de Antas Manso Preto Mendes Cruz Governor	1933	1936
112		Eduardo Bernardo Lápido Loureiro Governor Ad Interim	1936	1936
113		Álvaro Eugénio Neves da Fontoura Governor	1937	1940
114		António Jacinto Magro Governor Ad Interim	1940	1940
115		Manuel de Abreu Ferreira de Carvalho Governor	1940	8 December 1945	Considered himself a prisoner during allied rule from December 1941 until February 1942; confined by Japanese from February 1942 until August 1945
Allied occupation of Portuguese Timor
116		William Leggatt Commander of Australian forces	17 December 1941	20 February 1942		George VI House of Windsor (11 December 1936 – 6 February 1952)
		Nico Leonard Willem van Straten Commander of Dutch forces	17 December 1941	20 February 1942		Wilhelmina House of Orange-Nassau (23 November 1890 – 4 September 1948)
Japanese occupation of Portuguese Timor
117		Takeo Itō Commander	20 February 1942	20 February 1942	Commanding officer of Japanese landing forces	Emperor Shōwa 昭和天皇 (1926 – 1989)
118		Sadashichi Doi Commander	20 February 1942	August 1942
119		Yuitsu Tsuchihashi Commander	August 1942	22 November 1944
120		Kunitaro Yamada Commander	22 November 1944	11 September 1945
Portuguese Timor
121		Manuel de Abreu Ferreira de Carvalho Governor	1940	8 December 1945	Considered himself a prisoner during allied rule from December 1941 until February 1942; confined by Japanese from February 1942 until August 1945	Óscar Carmona President of the Second Portuguese Republic (29 November 1926 – 18 April 1951)
122		Óscar Freire de Vasconcelos Ruas Governor	1946	1950
123		César Maria de Serpa Rosa Governor	1950	11 June 1950
Overseas province
		César Maria de Serpa Rosa Governor	11 June 1950	1958
124						António de Oliveira Salazar Acting President of the Second Portuguese Republic (18 April 1951 – 21 July 1951)
						Francisco Craveiro Lopes President of the Second Portuguese Republic (21 July 1951 – 9 August 1958)
125		Filipe José Freire Temudo Barata Governor	1959	1963		Américo Tomás President of the Second Portuguese Republic (9 August 1958 – 25 April 1974)
126		José Alberty Correia Governor	1963	1968
127		José Nogueira Valente Pires Governor	1968	1972
		Fernando Alves Adeía Governor	1972	1974
128
						National Salvation Junta (25 April 1974 – 15 May 1974)
						António de Spínola President of the Third Portuguese Republic (15 May 1974 – 30 September 1974)
						Francisco da Costa Gomes President of the Third Portuguese Republic (30 September 1974 – 13 July 1976)
129		Mário Lemos Pires Governor	18 November 1974	27 November 1975	From 11 August 1975, on Atauro Island
Unilateral Declaration of Independence as Democratic Republic of East Timor
Invaded and occupied by Indonesia (from 17 July 1976, annexed as East Timor province). Not recognized by Portugal; remained recognized by United Nations as Portuguese territory.
130		Arnaldo dos Reis Araújo [id] Governor	3 August 1976	19 September 1978		Suharto President of Indonesia (27 March 1968 – 21 May 1998) B. J. Habibie President of Indonesia (21 May 1998 – 20 October 1999)
131		Guilherme Maria Gonçalves [id] Governor	19 September 1978	18 September 1982
132		Mário Viegas Carrascalão Governor	18 September 1982	18 September 1992
133		José Abílio Osório Soares Governor	18 September 1992	19 October 1999
Referendum votes for independence 78%
International Administration (from 28 February 2000, under UN Administration; United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor [UNTAET]).
134		Sérgio Vieira de Mello Transitional Administrator	25 October 1999	19 May 2002		Kofi Annan Secretary-General of the United Nations (1 January 1997 – 31 December 2006)
Independence as Democratic Republic of East Timor

For continuation after independence, see: President of East Timor

See also

• East Timor
  • Politics of East Timor
  • President of East Timor
  • Prime Minister of East Timor
• East Timor (Indonesian province)#Governors
• List of colonial Residents of Dutch Timor
• List of rulers of Timor
• Lists of office-holders

Further reading

• Huber, Juliette (2021). "Chapter 2: At the Periphery of Nanyang: The Hakka Community of Timor-Leste / 2.3 The Portuguese in Asia: Timor and Macao". In Hoogervorst, Tom; Chia, Caroline (eds.). Sinophone Southeast Asia: Sinitic voices across the Southern Seas. Leiden, Boston: Brill. pp. 52–90. doi:10.1163/9789004473263_004. ISBN 9789004473263.

External links

• World Statesmen – Timor-Leste (East Timor)