Many of the 1,327 named chess openings and variants listed by The Oxford Companion to Chess are named for geographic places.[1]
A
edit- Aachen Gambit of the Nimzowitsch Defence – 1.e4 Nc6 2.d4 d5 3.exd5 Nb4
- Abbazia Defence of the King's Gambit – 1.e4 e5 2.f4 exf4 3.Nf3 d5[2]
- Adelaide Countergambit of the King's Gambit – 1.e4 e5 2.f4 Nc6 3.Nf3 f5
- Agincourt Defense of the English Opening – 1.c4 e6
- Amazon Attack of the Queen's Pawn Opening – 1.d4 d5 2.Qd3
- American Defence of the Dutch Defence – 1.d4 f5 2.e4 fxe4 3.Nd2
- Amsterdam Variation of the Sicilian Defence, Najdorf Variation – 1.e4 c5 2.Nf3 d6 3.d4 cxd4 4.Nxd4 Nf6 5.Nc3 a6 6.f4
- Amsterdam Variation of the Sicilian Defence, Dragon Variation – 1.e4 c5 2.Nf3 d6 3.d4 cxd4 4.Nxd4 Nf6 5.Nc3 g6 6.Be3 Bg7 7.Be2 Nc6 8.Qd2
- Arctic Defense of the Zukertort Opening - 1.Nf3 f6
- Argentine Gambit of the Baltic Defence – 1.d4 d5 2.c4 Bf5 3.cxd5 Bxb1 4.Qa4+ c6 5.dxc6 Nxc6
- Argentine Variation of the Cambridge Springs Defence – 1.d4 d5 2.c4 e6 3.Nc3 Nf6 4.Bg5 Nbd7 5.e3 c6 6.Nf3 Qa5 7.Nd2 Bb4 8.Qc2 0-0 9.Bh4
- Arkhangelsk Defence (or Archangel Defence) of the Ruy Lopez – 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 a6 4.Ba4 Nf6 5.0-0 b5 6.Bb3 Bb7
- Armenian Variation of the French Defence – 1.e4 e6 2.d4 d5 3.Nc3 Bb4 4.e5 c5 5.a3 Ba5
- Australian Defense – 1.d4 Na6
- Australian Gambit of the King's Gambit – 1.e4 e5 2.f4 exf4 3.Nf3 g5 4.Bc4 g4 5.h4
- Austrian Attack in the Pirc Defence – 1.e4 d6 2.d4 Nf6 3.Nc3 g6 4.f4
- Austrian Defence of the Queen's Gambit Declined – 1.d4 d5 2.c4 c5
B
edit- Baguio Variation of the Ruy Lopez -1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 a6 4.Ba4 Nf6 5.O-O Nxe4 6.d4 b5 7.Bb3 d5 8.dxe5 Be6 9.c3 Bc5 10.Nbd2 O-O 11.Bc2 Bf5
- Balkan Gambit – 1.e4 e6 2.Nf3 d5 3.d3 dxe4 4.Ng5
- Baltic Defence of the Queen's Gambit Declined – 1.d4 d5 2.c4 Bf5
- Baltic Defense of the Polish Opening – 1.b4 d5 2.Bb2 Bf5
- Baltic Opening (or Dunst Opening) – 1.Nc3
- Basque Gambit of the Ruy Lopez – 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 a6 4.Ba4 Nf6 5.0-0 Be7 6.d4 exd4 7.e5 Ne4 8.c3
- Basque Opening – 1.d4 Nf6 2.b3
- Battambang Opening – 1.Nc3 e5 2.a3
- Bavarian Gambit – 1.e4 e5 2.c4 d5
- Bayreuth Variation of the Ruy Lopez – 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 a6 4.Ba4 Nf6 5.Bxc6
- Belgrade Gambit of the Four Knights – 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Nc3 Nf6 4.d4 exd4 5.Nd5
- Benelux Variation of the Ruy Lopez – 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 Bc5 4.c3 Nf6 5.0-0 0-0 6.d4 Bb6 (named for the Benelux countries)
- Berlin Defense of the Ruy Lopez – 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 Nf6
- Beverwijk Variation of the Ruy Lopez, Berlin Defense – 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 Nf6 4.0-0 Bc5
- Birmingham Defence (more commonly as the St. George Defence): – 1.e4 a6
- Birmingham Gambit of the Polish Opening – 1.b4 c5
- Bled Variation of the English Opening – 1.c4 c6 2.Nf3 d5 3.b3 Nf6 4.Bb2 g6
- Brazilian Defence – 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Qe7
- Bremen Variation of the English Opening – 1.c4 e5 2.Nc3 Nf6 3.g3
- Breslau Variation of the Ruy Lopez – 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 a6 4.Ba4 Nf6 5.0-0 Nxe4 6.d4 b5 7.Bb3 d5 8.dxe5 Be6 9.c3 Be7 10.Re1 0-0 11.Nd4 Nxe5
- Brooklyn Defence of the Alekhine's Defence – 1.e4 Nf6 2.e5 Ng8
- Brussels Gambit of the Sicilian Defence – 1.e4 c5 2.Nf3 f5
- Budapest Gambit – 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 e5
- Bulgarian Variation of the Ruy Lopez – 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 a5
C
edit- Calabrese Countergambit of the Bishop's Opening – 1.e4 e5 2.Bc4 f5
- Cambridge Gambit of the Alekhine's Defence – 1.e4 Nf6 2.e5 Nd5 3.d4 d6 4.c4 Nb6 5.f4 g5
- Cambridge Springs Variation of the Queen's Gambit Declined – 1.d4 d5 2.c4 e6 3.Nc3 Nf6 4.Bg5 Nbd7 5.Nf3 c6 6.e3 Qa5
- Canadian Opening of the Indian Game - 1.d4 Nf6 2.Nd2
- Canadian Gambit of the Indian Game - 1.d4 Nf6 2.Nd2 c5 3.e4
- Carlsbad Variation of the Slav Defence – 1.d4 d5 2.c4 c6 3.Nf3 Nf6 4.Nc3 dxc4 5.a4 Bf5 6.Ne5 Nbd7 7.Nxc4 Qc7 8.g3 e5
- Carlsbad Variation of the Sicilian Defense, Wing Gambit – 1.e4 c5 2.b4 cxb4 3.a3 bxa3
- Catalan Opening – 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 e6 3.g3 d5 4.Bg2
- Chelyabinsk Variation of the Sicilian Defence – 1.e4 c5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.d4 cxd4 4.Nxd4 Nf6 5.Nc3 e5 6.Ndb5 d6 7.Bg5 a6 8.Na3 b5
- Chicago Defence to the Smith–Morra Gambit against the Sicilian Defence – 1.e4 c5 2.d4 cxd4 3.c3 dxc3 4.Nxc3 e6 5.Nf3 d6 6.Bc4 a6 7.0-0 b5 8.Bb3 Nc6 9.Qe2 Be7 10.Rd1 Ra7[3]
- Chicago Gambit (or Irish Gambit) – 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Nxe5?
- Chinese Variation of the Pirc Defence – 1.e4 d6 2.d4 Nf6 3.Nc3 g6 4.Be2 Bg7 5.g4!?
- Chinese Variation of the Sicilian Defence, Dragon Variation – 1.e4 c5 2.Nf3 d6 3.d4 cxd4 4.Nxd4 Nf6 5.Nc3 g6 6.Be3 Bg7 7.f3 0-0 8.Qd2 Nc6 9.Bc4 Bd7 10.0-0-0 Rb8
- Clarendon Court Variation of the Benoni Defence – 1.d4 c5 2.d5 f5
- Cologne Gambit of the Ware Opening – 1.a4 b6 2.d4 d5 2.Nc3 Nd7
- Colorado Gambit of the Nimzowitsch Defence – 1.e4 Nc6 2.Nf3 f5
- Copenhagen Defence of the Danish Gambit – 1.e4 e5 2.d4 exd4 3.c3 dxc3 4.Bc4 cxb2 5.Bxb2 Bb4+
- Cracow Variation of the Italian Game – 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bc4 Bc5 4.c3 Nf6 5.d4 exd4 6.cxd4 Bb4+ 7.Kf1?!
- Czech Defence, the term used by Siegbert Tarrasch for the Slav Defence – 1.d4 d5 2.c4 c6[4]
- Czech Defence (Pribyl System) of the Pirc Defence – 1.e4 d6 2.d4 Nf6 3.Nc3 c6
- Czech Defence of the Polish opening – 1.b4 e5 2.Bb2 d6
- Czech-Indian Variation of the Indian Game – 1.d4 Nf6 2.Nf3 c6
- Czech Variation of the Benoni Defence – 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 c5 3.d5 e5
- Czech Variation of the Old Indian Defence – 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 d6 3.Nc3 c6
- Czech Variation of the Slav Defence – 1.d4 d5 2.c4 c6 3.Nc3 Nf6 4.Nf3 dxc4 5.a4 Bf5 Slav Defence: Modern, Alapin Variation, Czech Variation
D
edit- Danish Gambit – 1.e4 e5 2.d4 exd4 3.c3
- Danube Gambit – 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 g6 3.d5 b5 4.cxb5 a6 5.bxa6 c6
- Dresden Opening – 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.c4
- Duisburg Gambit of the QGD – 1.d4 d5 2.c4 e6 3.Nc3 c5 4.cxd5 cxd4
- Dutch Defence – 1.d4 f5
- Dutch Variation of the Slav Defence – 1.d4 d5 2.c4 c6 3.Nc3 Nf6 4.Nf3 dxc4 5.a4 Bf5 6.e3
E
edit- Edinburgh Variation of the Caro–Kann Defence – 1.e4 c6 2.d4 d5 3.Nd2 Qb6
- English Attack of the Sicilian Defence, Najdorf Variation – 1.e4 c5 2.Nf3 d6 3.d4 cxd4 4.Nxd4 Nf6 5.Nc3 a6 6.Be3 and 7.f3
- English Defence – 1.d4 e6 2.c4 b6
- English Opening – 1.c4
F
edit- Finnish Variation of the Caro–Kann Defence – 1.e4 c6 2.d4 d5 3.Nc3 dxe4 4.Nxe4 h6
- Florentine Gambit of the King's Indian Defence – 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 g6 3.Nc3 Bg7 4.e4 d6 5.f4 0-0 6.Be2 c5 7.d5 e6 8.Nf3 exd5 9.e5
- Fort Knox Variation of the French Defence – 1.e4 e6 2.d4 d5 3.Nc3 dxe4 4.Nxe4 Bd7 5.Nf3 Bc6
- Franco-Benoni – 1.e4 e6 2.d4 c5
- Frankfurt Variation of the French Defence – 1.e4 e6 2.d4 d5 3.Nc3 Nf6 4.Bg5 Be7 5.e5 Ng8 6.Be3 b6
- French Defence – 1.e4 e6
G
edit- Genoa Opening (known as the Grob Attack) – 1.g4
- Gent Gambit of the Amar Opening (Paris) – 1.Nh3 d5 2.g3 e5 3.f4 Bxh3 4.Bxh3 exf4 5.0-0 fxg3 6.hxg3
- German Defence of the Polish Opening (Orangutan or Sokolsky Opening) – 1.b4 d5 2.Bb2 Qd6
- Glasgow Kiss Variation of the Slav Defence – 1.d4 d5 2.c4 c6 3.Nc3 Nf6 4.e3 Bf5 5.cxd5 cxd5 6.Qb3 Nc6
- Gothenburg Variation of the Sicilian Defence, Najdorf Variation – 1.e4 c5 2.Nf3 d6 3.d4 cxd4 4.Nxd4 Nf6 5.Nc3 a6 6.Bg5 e6 7.f4 Be7 8.Qf3 h6 9.Bh4 g5
- Granada Gambit of the Two Knights Defense, Blackburne Variation – 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bc4 Nf6 4.Ng5 d5 5. exd5 Na5 6.Bb5+ c6 7.dxc6 bxc6 8.Qf3 cxb5 9.Qxa8
- Graz Variation of the Ruy Lopez – 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 b5 5. Bb3 Bc5
- Graz Attack of the Nimzowitsch-Larsen Attack – 1.b3 d5 2.Ba3
- Greek Defence (or Owen's Defence) – 1.e4 b6
- Guatemala Defence of Owen's Defence – 1.e4 b6 2.d4 Ba6
H
edit- Hungarian Attack of the English Opening – 1.c4 e5 2.Nc3 Nc6 3.g3 g6 4.Bg2 Bg7 5.Rb1
- Hungarian Defence – 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bc4 Be7
- Hungarian Gambit of the Catalan Opening – 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 e6 3.g3 e5
- Hungarian Opening (or Benko's Opening) – 1.g3
- Hungarian Variation of the Sicilian Defence – 1.e4 c5 2.Nf3 d6 3.d4 cxd4 4.Qxd4
- Hastings Variation of the Queen's Gambit Declined – 1.d4 d5 2.c4 e6 3.Nf3 Nf6 4.Bg5 h6 5.Bxf6 Qxf6 8.Nc3 c6 7.Qb3
I
edit- Icelandic Gambit of the Scandinavian Defense – 1.e4 d5 2.exd5 Nf6 3.c4 e6
- Indian Defences: a complex of chess openings beginning – 1.d4 Nf6, including the Nimzo-Indian Defence, Queen's Indian Defence, King's Indian Defence, Bogo-Indian Defence, Old Indian Defence, Janowski Indian Defence, etc.
- Inverted Hungarian Opening – 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Be2
- Irish Gambit (or Chicago Gambit) – 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Nxe5
- Israeli Gambit (or Halasz Gambit) – 1.e4 e5 2.d4 exd4 3.f4
- Italian Gambit – 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bc4 Bc5 4.d4
- Italian Game – 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bc4 (Bc5)
J
edit- Jalalabad Defence – 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 c5 or 1.e4 c5 2.Nf3 e5
K
edit- Kazakh Variation of the King's Indian – 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 g6 3.Nc3 Bg7 4.e4 d6 5.Nf3 O-O 6.Be2 Na6
- Kecskemet Variation of the Ruy Lopez –1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 a6 4.Ba4 Nf6 5.O-O Be7 6.Re1 d6 7.c3 O-O 8.d4 Bd7 9.Nbd2 Be8
- Kentucky Opening – 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bc4 Bc5 4.Bxf7+? Kxf7 5.Nxe5+ Nxe5
- Kiel Variation of the Scandinavian Defence – 1.e4 d5 2.exd5 Nf6 3.d4 Nxd5 4.c4 Nb4
L
edit- Latvian Gambit – 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 f5
- Leipzig Gambit (or Müller-Schulze Gambit) – 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Nc3 Nf6 4.Nxe5?!
- Lemberg Gambit (Lviv Gambit) – 1.Nf3 Nf6 2.e4 or 1.Nf3 d5 2.e4
- Lemberg Countergambit - 1.d4 d5 2.e4 dxe4 3.Nc3 e5
- Leningrad Variation of the Dutch Defence – 1.d4 f5 2.g3 g6
- Lisbon Gambit of the Dutch Defense – 1.d4 f5 2.g4 fxg4 3.h3
- Lisbon Gambit of the Queen's Pawn Opening, English Rat – 1.d4 d6 2.c4 e5 3.dxe5 Nc6
- Lithuanian Variation of the Mikėnas Defence – 1.d4 Nc6 2.c4 e5 3.d5 Nce7
- Lodz Variation of the Tarrasch Defence – 1.d4 d5 2.c4 e6 3.Nc3 c5 4.cxd5 exd5 5.Nf3 Nc6 6.g3
- London System, a set of related chess openings characterised by 1.d4 followed by an early Bf4, e.g. 1.d4 d5 2.Nf3 Nf6 3.Bf4; 1.d4 Nf6 2.Nf3 e6 3.Bf4; and 1.d4 Nf6 2.Nf3 g6 3.Bf4
M
edit- Macedonian Variation of the English Opening – 1.c4 e5 2.Nc3 Nf6 3.f4
- Maltese Falcon Attack (or Gibbins-Wiedehagen Gambit) – 1.d4 Nf6 2.g4 Nxg4 3.f3 Nf6 4.e4
- Manhattan Gambit of the Dutch Defence – 1.d4 f5 2.Qd3 Nf6 3.g4
- Manhattan Variation of the QGD (also called the Westphalia Defence) – 1.d4 d5 2.c4 e6 3.Nc3 Nf6 4.Bg5 Nbd7 5.Nf3 Bb4 or 5.e3 Bb4
- Mannheim Variation of the QGA – 1.d4 d5 2.c4 dxc4 3.Nf3 Nf6 4.Qa4+
- Mar del Plata Variation of the King's Indian Defence – 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 g6 3.Nc3 Bg7 4.e4 d6 5.Nf3 0–0 6.Be2 e5 7.0–0 Nc6 8.d5 Ne7
- Margate Variation of the Sicilian Defence – 1.e4 c5 2.Nf3 d6 3.d4 cxd4 4.Nxd4 Nf6 5.Nc3 Nc6 6.Bg5 e6 7.Bb5
- Marienbad Variation of the Sicilian Defence, Wing Gambit – 1.e4 c5 2.b4 cxb4 3.a3 d5 4.exd5 Qxd5 5.Bb2
- Massachusetts Defence of the Caro–Kann Defence – 1.e4 c6 2.d4 f5
- Mediterranean Defence – 1.e4 e6 2.d4 Nf6
- Meran Variation of the Semi-Slav Defence – 1.d4 d5 2.c4 c6 3.Nf3 Nf6 4.Nc3 e6 5.e3 Nbd7 6.Bd3 dxc4 7.Bxc4
- Mexican Defence – 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 Nc6
- Miami Variation of the Italian Gambit – 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bc4 Bc5 4.d4 Bxd4 5.Nxd4 Nxd4 6.Be3
- Modern Archangel Defence of the Ruy Lopez – 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 a6 4.Ba4 Nf6 5.0-0 b5 6.Bb3 Bc5
- Monte Carlo Variation of the French Defense – 1.e4 e6 2.d4 d5 3.exd5 exd5 4.c4
- Montevideo Defence – 1.d4 Nc6 2.d5 Nb8
- Moscow Variation of the Semi-Slav Defence – 1.d4 d5 2.c4 c6 3.Nf3 Nf6 4.Nf3 e6 5.Bg5 h6
- Moscow Variation of the Sicilian Defence – 1.e4 c5 2.Nf3 d6 3.Bb5+
N
edit- New Castle Gambit of the French Defence, Tarrasch Variation – 1.e4 e6 2.d4 d5 3.Nd2 e5
- New York Variation of the Benoni Defense – 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 c5 3.d5 e6 4.Nc3 exd5 5.cxd5 d6 6.e4 g6 7.Nf3 Bg7 8.h3
- Nordic Gambit – 1.e4 e5 2.d4 exd4 3.c3 (alternative name for the Danish Gambit)
- Nordwalde Variation of the King's Gambit Declined - 1.e4 e5 2.f4 Qf6
- North Sea Variation (or Norwegian Defense) of the Modern Defence – 1.e4 g6 2.d4 Nf6 3.e5 Nh5
- Norwegian Gambit of the Modern Defence – 1.e4 g6 2.d4 Nf6 3.e5 Nh5 4.Be2 d6
- Norwegian Defence of the Modern Defense – 1.e4 g6 2.d4 Nf6
- Norwegian Defence of the Ruy Lopez – 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 a6 4.Ba4 b5 5.Bb3 Na5
- Nottingham Variation of the Sicilian Defence, Dragon Variation – 1.e4 c5 2.Nf3 d6 3.d4 cxd4 4.Nxd4 Nf6 5.Nc3 g6 6.Be3 Bg7 7.Be2 Nc6 8.Nb3
- Novosibirsk Variation of the Dunst Opening – 1.Nc3 c5 2.d4 cxd4 3.Qxd4 Nc6 4.Qh4
- Novosibirsk Variation of the Sicilian Defence – 1.e4 c5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.d4 cxd4 4.Nxd4 Nf6 5.Nc3 e5 6.Ndb5 d6 7.Bg5 a6 8.Na3 b5 9.Bxf6 gxf6 10.Nd5 Bg7
- Nuremberg Variation of the Ruy Lopez – 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 f6
O
edit- Odessa Variation of the King's Indian – 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 g6 3.Nc3 Bg7 4.e4 d6 5.Nf3 O-O 6.Be2 e5 7.O-O Nc6 8.d5 Ne7 9.Bg5
- Omaha Gambit of the Vienna Game – 1.e4 e5 2.Nc3 d6 3.f4
- Oxford Variation of the Vienna Game – 1.e4 e5 2.Nc3 Nf6 3.f4 d5 4.fxe5 Nxe4 5.d3
- Oxford Gambit of the Four Knights Game – 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Nc3 Nf6 4.d4 Bb4 5.d5 Nd4
P
edit- Paris Defence (or Semi-Italian Opening) – 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bc4 d6
- Paris Gambit – 1.Nh3 d5 2.g3 e5 3.f4 (intending 3...Bxh3 4.Bxh3 exf4 5.0-0)
- Paris Opening (or Amar Opening) – 1.Nh3
- Persian Opening - 1.c3 c5 2.Qa4 Nf6 3.g4
- Peruvian Variation of the Queen's Gambit Declined – 1.d4 d5 2.c4 e6 3.Nc3 Nf6 4.Bg5 c5
- Philippine Attack of the Pirc Defense - 1.e4 d6 2.d4 Nf6 3.Nc3 g6 4.Bg5 Bg7 5.f4
- Podebrady Variation of the Sicilian Defence – 1.e4 c5 2.Nf3 d6 3.d4 cxd4 4.Nxd4 Nf6 5.Nc3 Nc6 6.Bg5 e6 7.Nb3
- Polish Opening (or Orangutan) – 1.b4
- Polish Defence – 1.d4 b5 or 1.Nf3 Nf6 2.g3 b5
- Polish Attack – 1.Nf3 Nf6 2.b4
- Polish Gambit – 1.e4 b5 2.Bxb5 c6
- Polish Gambit of the Anderssen Opening – 1.a3 a5 2.b4
- Polish Variation of the Indian Game – 1.d4 Nf6 2.Nf3 b5
- Portuguese Gambit of the Scandinavian Defence – 1.e4 d5 2.exd5 Nf6 3.d4 Bg4 4.f3 Bf5 5.Bb5+ Nbd7
- Portuguese Opening – 1.e4 e5 2.Bb5
- Prague Variation of the Tarrasch Defence – 1.d4 d5 2.c4 e6 3.Nc3 c5 4.cxd5 exd5 5.Nf3 Nc6 6.g3 Nf6
- Prussian Game (or Two Knights Defence) – 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bc4 Nf6
- Pyrenees Gambit – 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 b5
R
edit- Riga Variation of the Ruy Lopez – 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 a6 4.Ba4 Nf6 5.0-0 Nxe4 6.d4 exd4
- Rio de Janeiro Variation of the Ruy Lopez – 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 Nf6 4.0-0 Nxe4 5.d4 Be7
- Romanian Opening (or Dunst Opening) – 1.Nc3
- Romanian Defense of the Wing Gambit – 1.e4 c5 2.b4 cxb4 3.a3 d5 4.exd5 Qxd5 5.Nf3 e5 6.Bb2 Nc6 7.c4 Qe6
- Russian Defence of the Ruy Lopez – 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 a6 4.Ba4 Nf6 5.0-0 d6
- Russian Game (or Petrov's Defence) – 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nf6
S
edit- San Francisco Gambit of the Sicilian Defence – 1.e4 c5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 Na5 4.b4
- San Remo Variation of the Nimzo-Indian Defense – 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 e6 3.Nc3 Bb4 4.Qc2 d5 5.a3 Bxc3+ 6.Qxc3 Ne4 7.Qc2 Nc6 8.e3 e5
- San Sebastian Variation of the Queen's Gambit Declined – 1.d4 d5 2.c4 e6 3.Nc3 Nf6 4.Nf3 c5 5.cxd5 Nxd5 6.e4 Nxc3 7.bxc3 cxd4 8.cxd4 Bb4+ 9.Bd2 Qa5
- Saragossa Opening – 1.c3
- Scandinavian Defence – 1.e4 d5
- Scheveningen Variation of the Sicilian Defence – 1.e4 c5 2.Nf3 d6 3.d4 cxd4 4.Nxd4 Nf6 5.Nc3 e6
- Scotch Four Knights Game – 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Nc3 Nf6 4.d4
- Scotch Gambit – 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.d4 exd4 4.Bc4
- Scotch Game – 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.d4
- Seattle Gambit of the Budapest Gambit – 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 e5 3.dx5 Ng4 4.e4 h5
- Semi-Slav Defence – 1.d4 d5 2.c4 c6 3.Nc3 (or 3.Nf3) e6
- Semmering Variation of the Semi-Slav Defence – 1.d4 d5 2.c4 e6 3.Nf3 Nf6 4.e3 c6 5.Nbd2 Nbd7 6.Bd3 c5
- Seville Variation of the Grünfeld Defence – 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 g6 3.Nc3 d5 4.cxd5 Nxd5 5.e4 Nxc3 6.bxc3 Bg7 7.Bc4 c5 8.Ne2 Nc6 9.Be3 0-0 10.0-0 Bg4 11.f3 Na5 12.Bxf7+
- Siberian Attack of the Indian Defence – 1.d4 Nf6 2.Qd3 d5 3.Nc3
- Siberian Trap in the Smith–Morra Gambit against the Sicilian Defence – 1.e4 c5 2.d4 cxd4 3.c3 dxc3 4.Nxc3 Nc6 5.Nf3 e6 6.Bc4 Qc7 7.0-0 Nf6 8.Qe2 Ng4! 9.h3?? (or 9.Bb3??) Nd4![5]
- Sicilian Defence – 1.e4 c5
- Sicilian Gambit (or Sicilian Wing Gambit) - 1.e4 c5 2.b4
- Slav Defence – 1.d4 d5 2.c4 c6
- Spanish Game (or Ruy Lopez) – 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5
- Stockholm Variation of the Englund Gambit – 1.d4 e5 2.dxe5 Nc6 3.Nf3 Qe7 4.Qd5
- Stockholm Variation of the Grünfeld Defence – 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 g6 3.Nc3 d5 4.Nf3 Bg7 5.Bg5
- St. Petersburg Variation of the Nimzo-Indian Defense – 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 e6 3.Nc3 Bb4 4.e3 b6
- St. Petersburg Variation of the Ruy Lopez – 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 a6 4.Ba4 Nf6 5.0-0 Nxe4 6.d4 b5 7.Bb3 d5 8.dxe5 Be6 9.c3 Bc5 10.Nbd2
- Swedish Variation of the QGD, Tarrasch Defence – 1.d4 d5 2.c4 e6 3.Nc3 c5 4.cxd5 exd5 5.Nf3 Nc6 6.g3 c4
- Swiss Gambit of the Bird's Opening – 1.f4 f5 2.e4
- Swiss Variation of the French Defence – 1.e4 e6 2.d4 d5 3.Nc3 Nf6 4.Bd3
T
edit- Tashkent Attack of the King's Gambit – 1.e4 e5 2.f4 exf4 3.Nf3 Nf6 4.e5 Nh5 5.g4
- Transylvania Variation of the Vienna Game – 1.e4 e5 2.Nc3 Nf6 3.Bc4 Nxe4 4.Qh5 Nd6 5.Bb3 Nc6 6.Nb5
- Trencianske-Teplice Gambit of the Two Knights Defense – 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bc4 Nf6 4.Ng5 Bc5 5.Bxf7+ Ke7 6.d4
- Tuebingen Variation of the Polish Opening – 1.b4 Nh6
- Tuebingen Gambit of the Dunst Opening – 1.Nc3 Nf6 2.g4
- Turkish Gambit (or the Elephant Gambit) – 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 d5
U
edit- Ukrainian Variation of the Old Indian Defence – 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 d6 3.Nc3 e5
V
edit- Valencia Opening (or Mieses Opening) – 1.d3 e5 2.Nd2
- Venezolana Variation of the Mieses Opening – 1.d3 c5 2.Nc3 Nc6 3.g3
- Venice Attack of the Sicilian Defence – 1.e4 c5 2.Nf3 d6 3.d4 cxd4 4.Nxd4 Nf6 5.f3 e5 6.Bb5+ or 1.e4 c5 2.Nf3 d6 3.d4 cxd4 4.Nxd4 Nf6 5.Nc3 e5 6.Bb5+
- Venice Variation of the Queen's Gambit Declined – 1.d4 d5 2.c4 e6 3.Nc3 Nf6 4.Bg5 c5 5.cxd5 Qb6
- Vienna Game – 1.e4 e5 2.Nc3
- Vienna Gambit - 1.e4 e5 2.Nc3 Nc6 3.f4
- Vienna Variation of the Queen's Gambit Declined – 1.d4 d5 2.c4 e6 3.Nc3 Nf6 4.Nf3 Bb4 5.Bg5 dxc4 6.e4
- Vietnamese Gambit – 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bc4 b5
- Vinohrady Variation of the Sicilian Defence – 1.e4 c5 2.Nc3 Nc6 3.g4 named after a district in Prague[6]
- Volga Gambit – 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 c5 3.d5 b5 (named for the Volga River, the national river of Russia)
- Voronezh Variation of the Alekhine's Defence – 1.e4 Nf6 2.e5 Nd5 3.d4 d6 4.c4 Nb6 5.exd6 cxd6 6.Nc3 g6 7.Be3 Bg7 8.Rc1 0-0 9.b3
W
edit- Warsaw Variation of the Dutch Defence – 1.d4 f5 2.c4 Nf6 3.g3 g6 4.Bg2 Bg7 5.Nf3 0-0 6.0-0 d6 7.Nc3 c6
- Westphalia Defence in the Queen's Gambit Declined: An alternative name for the Manhattan Variation – 1.d4 d5 2.c4 e6 3.Nc3 Nf6 4.Bg5 Nbd7 5.Nf3 Bb4 or 5.e3 c5
- Wiesbaden Variation of the Slav Defence – 1.d4 d5 2.c4 c6 3.Nf3 Nf6 4.Nc3 dxc4 5.a4 Bf5 6.Ne5 e6
- Wilkes-Barre Variation of the Two Knights Defence – 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bc4 Nf6 4.Ng5 Bc5!?
Y
edit- Yerevan System of the Sicilian Defence – 1.e4 c5 2.Nf3 a6 3.Nc3
- Yugoslav Attack in the Sicilian Defence, Dragon Variation – 1.e4 c5 2.Nf3 d6 3.d4 cxd4 4.Nxd4 Nf6 5.Nc3 g6 6.Be3 Bg7 7.f3
- Yugoslav Defence (or Pirc Defence) – 1.e4 d6 2.d4 Nf6 3.Nc3 g6
- Yugoslav Variation of the Benko Gambit – 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 c5 3.d5 b5 4.cxb5 a6 5.bxa6 g6 6.Nc3 Bxa6 7.e4 Bxf1 8.Kxf1 d6 9.Nge2
- Yugoslav Variation of the King's Indian Defence – 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 g6 3.Nc3 Bg7 4.Nf3 d6 5.g3 0-0 6.Bg2 c5
Z
edit- Zagreb Variation of the Sicilian Defence, Najdorf Variation – 1.e4 c5 2.Nf3 d6 3.d4 cxd4 4.Nxd4 Nf6 5.Nc3 a6 6.g3
- Zaire Defence of the Queen's Knight Defence – 1.d4 Nc6 2.d5 Nb8 3.e4 Nf6 4.e5 Ng8
- Zurich Gambit – 1.d4 d5 2.g4
- Zurich Variation of the Nimzo-Indian Defence – 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 e6 3.Nc3 Bb4 4.Qc2 Nc6
A number of less well-accepted ethnic chess opening names (including such gems as the "Anglo-Polish Dutch" – 1.c4 f5 2.b4) can be found in this list of chess opening names.
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Hooper, David; Whyld, Kenneth (1996) [First pub. 1992], The Oxford Companion to Chess (2nd ed.), Oxford University Press, pp. 461–480, ISBN 0-19-280049-3
- ^ Abbazia DefenceArchived 2014-10-18 at the Wayback Machine from chess.com. The name 'Abbazia' comes from the Abbazia 1912 tournament in which the variation was played six times. Abbazia is now the city of Opatija in Croatia.
- ^ Hannes Langrock, The Modern Morra Gambit: A Dynamic Weapon Against the Sicilian, Russell Enterprises, 2006, pp. 219–20. ISBN 1-888690-32-1.
- ^ Siegbert Tarrasch, The Game of Chess, David McKay, 1938, p. 341.
- ^ Hannes Langrock, The Modern Morra Gambit: A Dynamic Weapon Against the Sicilian, Russell Enterprises, 2006, p. 201. ISBN 1-888690-32-1.
- ^ Kavalek, Lubomir (2006-08-07). "Lubomir Kavalek: The Vinohrady Variation". The Washington Post. Retrieved 2009-10-29.