List of bridges in Finland

This is a list of bridges and viaducts in Finland, including those for pedestrians and vehicular traffic.

Historical and architectural interest bridges edit

The museum roads and bridges was established by the Finnish Road Administration (Finnish: Tiehallinto) that belongs to the Finnish Transport Infrastructure Agency, in order to preserve the most historically valuable and representative parts of the road network as museum objects. There is a total of 22 roads (35 kilometres (22 mi)) and 37 bridges in the museum object collection.[1]

Name Finnish Distinction Length Type Carries
Crosses
Opened Location Region Ref.
  1 Tuovila Bridge [fi] Tuovilan silta Oldest road bridge still in use in Finland
Listed bridge
Museosilta No. 40
93 m (305 ft) Masonry
3 arches
Road bridge
Laihianjoki
1781 Vaasa
63°01′47.4″N 21°48′18.9″E / 63.029833°N 21.805250°E / 63.029833; 21.805250 (Tuovila Bridge)
Ostrobothnia [2]
  2 Etelänkylä Grand Bridge [fi] Etelänkylän isosilta Oldest wooden bridge still in use in Finland
Listed bridge
Museosilta No. 45
77 m (253 ft) Beam bridge
Wooden strut framed bridge, masonry piers
1837 Pyhäjoki
64°27′29.1″N 24°14′29.9″E / 64.458083°N 24.241639°E / 64.458083; 24.241639 (Etelänkylä Grand Bridge)
North Ostrobothnia [S 1]
[3]
[4]
  3 Old Haliko Bridge [fi] Halikon vanha silta Listed bridge
Museosilta No. 9
75 m (246 ft) Beam bridge
Wooden strut framed bridge, masonry abutments
Former road bridge
Halikonjoki
1866 Halikko
60°23′50.6″N 23°04′09.1″E / 60.397389°N 23.069194°E / 60.397389; 23.069194 (Old Haliko Bridge)
Southwest Finland [T 1]
[5]
  4 Tuira Bridge
demolished in 1948
Tuiran silta Span : 45 m (148 ft) Arch
Wooden deck arch
Road bridge
Oulujoki
1867 Oulu
65°01′16.4″N 25°28′03.8″E / 65.021222°N 25.467722°E / 65.021222; 25.467722 (Tuira Bridge)
North Ostrobothnia [6]
[7]
  5 Vantaankoski Bridge [fi] Vantaankosken silta Beam bridge
Wooden strut framed bridge, masonry abutments
Road bridge
Vantaa (river)
1876 Vantaa
60°17′37.2″N 24°51′57.6″E / 60.293667°N 24.866000°E / 60.293667; 24.866000 (Vantaankoski Bridge)
Uusimaa [8]
  6 Pattijoki Bridge [fi] Pattijoen silta Listed bridge
Museosilta No. 42
10 m (33 ft) Masonry
1 arch
Road bridge
Pattijoki
1897 Pattijoki
64°41′34.4″N 24°34′18.2″E / 64.692889°N 24.571722°E / 64.692889; 24.571722 (Pattijoki Bridge)
North Ostrobothnia [9]
  7 Aunes Bridge [fi] Aunessilta Listed bridge
Museosilta No. 17
46 m (151 ft) Masonry
1 arch
Former road bridge
Aunessillansalmi
1899 Kämmenniemi
61°37′51.5″N 23°50′15.2″E / 61.630972°N 23.837556°E / 61.630972; 23.837556 (Aunes Bridge)
Pirkanmaa [S 2]
[10]
[11]
  8 Savukoski Bridge [fi] Savukosken silta Listed bridge
Museosilta No. 21
60 m (200 ft) Arch
Concrete tied arch
Former road bridge
Kymi (river)
1927 LoviisaPyhtää
60°17′37.2″N 24°51′57.6″E / 60.293667°N 24.866000°E / 60.293667; 24.866000 (Savukoski Bridge)
Uusimaa
Kymenlaakso
[12]
  9 Ponkila Bridge [fi] Ponkilan silta Listed bridge
Museosilta No. 43
71 m (233 ft) Suspension
Steel deck and pylons
Road bridge
Muhosjoki
1931 Muhos
64°48′32.3″N 26°00′18.6″E / 64.808972°N 26.005167°E / 64.808972; 26.005167 (Ponkila Bridge)
North Ostrobothnia [13]
  10 Voikkaa old railway bridge Voikkaan vanha rautatiesilta Truss
Steel deck
footbridge
Former railway bridge
Kymi (river)
1940 Kuusankoski Kymenlaakso
  11 Säpilä Suspension Bridge [fi] Säpilän riippusilta Span : 127 m (417 ft) 164 m (538 ft) Suspension
Steel, wooden deck
Footbridge
Kokemäenjoki
1950 Kokemäki
61°18′26.1″N 22°23′07.9″E / 61.307250°N 22.385528°E / 61.307250; 22.385528 (Säpilä Suspension Bridge)
Satakunta
  12 Ahmaskoski Bridge [fi] Ahmaskosken silta Span : 100 m (330 ft) 100 m (330 ft) Suspension
Steel, wooden deck
Footbridge
Oulujoki
1957 Utajärvi
64°38′34.5″N 26°34′23.8″E / 64.642917°N 26.573278°E / 64.642917; 26.573278 (Ahmaskoski Bridge)
North Ostrobothnia [S 3]
  13 Mylly Bridge [fi] Myllysilta Listed bridge
Museosilta No. 5
51 m (167 ft) Beam bridge
Wooden strut framed bridge, wooden piers
1966 Nurmijärvi
60°27′19.5″N 24°51′07.3″E / 60.455417°N 24.852028°E / 60.455417; 24.852028 (Mylly Bridge)
Uusimaa [T 2]
[14]
  14 Ylistö Bridge [fi] Ylistön silta Span : 112 m (367 ft) 208 m (682 ft) Cable-stayed
Composite steel/concrete deck, steel pylons
1992 Jyväskylä
62°13′47.4″N 25°44′13.1″E / 62.229833°N 25.736972°E / 62.229833; 25.736972 (Ylistö Bridge)
Central Finland [S 4]
[T 3]
  15 Vihantasalmi Bridge [fi] Vihantasalmen silta 182 m (597 ft) Truss
Glued laminated timber
1999 Mäntyharju
61°26′24.9″N 26°40′35.6″E / 61.440250°N 26.676556°E / 61.440250; 26.676556 (Vihantasalmi Bridge)
South Savo [S 5]
[T 4]
[15]
  16 Laukko Bridge [fi] Laukonsilta 150 m (490 ft) Cable-stayed
Concrete deck, 1 steel pylon
Footbridge
Tammerkoski
2010 Tampere
61°29′37.6″N 23°45′37.6″E / 61.493778°N 23.760444°E / 61.493778; 23.760444 (Laukko Bridge)
Pirkanmaa [S 6]
  17 Crusell Bridge Crusellinsilta Span : 92 m (302 ft) 173 m (568 ft) Cable-stayed
Composite steel/concrete deck, 1 steel pylon
Road bridge
Helsinki tram
(Line 8)
Ruoholahti
2011 Helsinki
60°09′37.3″N 24°54′30.0″E / 60.160361°N 24.908333°E / 60.160361; 24.908333 (Crusell Bridge)
Uusimaa [S 7]
[16]
  18 Isoisänsilta Isoisänsilta Span : 144 m (472 ft) 170 m (560 ft) Arch
Steel through arch
Footbridge
Kruunuvuorenselkä
2016 Helsinki
60°10′55.3″N 24°58′57.9″E / 60.182028°N 24.982750°E / 60.182028; 24.982750 (Isoisänsilta)
Uusimaa [17]


Major road and railway bridges edit

This table presents the structures with spans greater than 100 meters (non-exhaustive list).

Name Finnish Span Length Type Carries
Crosses
Opened Location Region Ref.
  1 Kruunuvuori Bridge [fi]
Crown Bridges
under construction
Kruunuvuorensilta 260 m (850 ft)(x2) 1,191 m (3,907 ft) Cable-stayed
Composite steel/concrete deck, 1 concrete pylon
260+260
Helsinki tram
(Lines 11 and 12)
Kruunuvuorenselkä
2026 HelsinkiLaajasalo
60°10′26.3″N 25°00′08.8″E / 60.173972°N 25.002444°E / 60.173972; 25.002444 (Kruunuvuori Bridge)
Uusimaa [S 8]
[18]
[19]
  2 Replot Bridge Raippaluodon silta 250 m (820 ft) 1,045 m (3,428 ft) Cable-stayed
Steel deck, concrete pylons
Regional road 724
Gulf of Bothnia
1997 ReplotVaasa
63°12′24.3″N 21°28′24.6″E / 63.206750°N 21.473500°E / 63.206750; 21.473500 (Replot Bridge)
Ostrobothnia [S 9]
3 New Kirjalansalmi Bridge [fi]
project
Kirjalansalmen uusi silta 250 m (820 ft) 673 m (2,208 ft) Cable-stayed
Composite steel/concrete deck, concrete pylons
100+250+100
Regional road 180
Kirjalansalmi
KaarinaPargas
60°21′57.5″N 22°21′33.7″E / 60.365972°N 22.359361°E / 60.365972; 22.359361 (New Kirjalansalmi Bridge)
Southwest Finland [20]
  4 Kärkisten Bridge [fi] Kärkisten silta 240 m (790 ft) 787 m (2,582 ft) Cable-stayed
Steel deck, concrete pylons
9x42+240+3x42
Regional road 610
Lake Päijänne
1997 Korpilahti
61°59′54.2″N 25°40′35.0″E / 61.998389°N 25.676389°E / 61.998389; 25.676389 (Kärkisten Bridge)
Central Finland [S 10]
[T 5]
[21]
  5 Kirjalansalmi Bridge [fi] Kirjalansalmen silta 220 m (720 ft) 287 m (942 ft) Suspension
Steel truss deck, steel pylons
25+220+25
Regional road 180
Kirjalansalmi
1963 KaarinaPargas
60°21′57.5″N 22°21′30.4″E / 60.365972°N 22.358444°E / 60.365972; 22.358444 (Kirjalansalmi Bridge)
Southwest Finland [S 11]
[T 6]
  6 Tähtiniemi Bridge Tähtiniemen silta 165 m (541 ft) 924 m (3,031 ft) Cable-stayed
Steel deck, 1 steel pylon
1993 Heinola
61°12′48.0″N 26°00′28.3″E / 61.213333°N 26.007861°E / 61.213333; 26.007861 (Tähtiniemi Bridge)
Päijät-Häme [S 12]
[T 7]
[22]
  7 Sääksmäki Bridge [fi] Sääksmäen silta 155 m (509 ft) Suspension
Steel girder deck, steel pylons
30+155+30
Regional road 130
Lake Vanajavesi
1963 Sääksmäki
61°11′02.7″N 24°02′54.3″E / 61.184083°N 24.048417°E / 61.184083; 24.048417 (Sääksmäki Bridge)
Pirkanmaa [S 13]
[T 8]
  8 Sami Bridge Saamen silta 155 m (509 ft) 316 m (1,037 ft) Cable-stayed
Steel deck, steel pylons
1993 UtsjokiTana
69°54′38.8″N 27°01′55.1″E / 69.910778°N 27.031972°E / 69.910778; 27.031972 (Sami Bridge)
Lapland
  Norway
[S 14]
[23]
  9 Louhunsalmi Bridge [fi] Louhunsalmen riippusilta 140 m (460 ft) 178 m (584 ft) Suspension
Steel girder deck, steel pylons
15+18+140
Road bridge
Lake Päijänne
1957 Säynätsalo IslandLehtisaari Island
62°08′05.3″N 25°45′41.9″E / 62.134806°N 25.761639°E / 62.134806; 25.761639 (Louhunsalmi Bridge)
Central Finland [S 15]
[24]
[25]
  10 Saimaa Bridge [fi] Saimaan silta 140 m (460 ft) 762 m (2,500 ft) Beam bridge
Twin girder, composite steel/concrete
55+90+140+90+55
Principal road 62
Lake Saimaa
Puumalansalmen
1995 Puumala
61°31′07.6″N 28°10′32.3″E / 61.518778°N 28.175639°E / 61.518778; 28.175639 (Saimaa Bridge)
South Savo [T 9]
[26]
  11 Kirkonvarkaus Bridge [fi] Kirkonvarkauden silta 139 m (456 ft) Suspension
Steel girder deck, steel pylons
Principal road 62
Ukonvesi
1967 Mikkeli
61°39′55.5″N 27°17′49.2″E / 61.665417°N 27.297000°E / 61.665417; 27.297000 (Kirkonvarkaus Bridge)
South Savo [27]
  12 Norrströmmen Bridge Norrströmmenin silta 135 m (443 ft) 310 m (1,020 ft) Box girder
Prestressed concrete
30+80+135+65
Regional road 180
Norrströmmen
1988 NaguLillandet
60°10′48.9″N 21°55′51.7″E / 60.180250°N 21.931028°E / 60.180250; 21.931028 (Norrströmmen Bridge)
Southwest Finland [S 16]
[T 10]
[28]
  13 Färjsund Bridge [fi] Färjsundin silta 130 m (430 ft) 200 m (660 ft) Arch
Concrete deck arch
Road 2
Färjsundet
1938 SaltvikFinström
60°14′17.2″N 20°00′57.4″E / 60.238111°N 20.015944°E / 60.238111; 20.015944 (Färjsund Bridge)
Åland [S 17]
[29]
  14 Vehmersalmi Bridge Vehmersalmen silta 130 m (430 ft) 387 m (1,270 ft) Beam bridge
Twin girder, composite steel/concrete
Regional road 536
Kallavesi
Suvasvesi
2001 Kuopio
62°46′09.2″N 28°00′11.7″E / 62.769222°N 28.003250°E / 62.769222; 28.003250 (Vehmersalmi Bridge)
North Savo [30]
[31]
  15 Lumberjack's Candle Bridge [fi] Jätkänkynttilä 126 m (413 ft) 320 m (1,050 ft) Cable-stayed
Steel box girder deck, concrete pylons
40+42+126+2x42
Principal road 78
Kemijoki
1989 Rovaniemi
66°30′10.4″N 25°44′33.2″E / 66.502889°N 25.742556°E / 66.502889; 25.742556 (Lumberjack's Candle Bridge)
Lapland [S 18]
[32]
[33]
  16 Hännilänsalmi Bridge [fi]
dismantled in 2010
Hännilänsalmen riippusilta 125 m (410 ft) Suspension
Steel girder deck, steel pylons
1962 Viitasaari
63°02′33.7″N 25°49′02.2″E / 63.042694°N 25.817278°E / 63.042694; 25.817278 (Hännilänsalmi Bridge)
Central Finland [34]
  17 Lapinlahti Bridge [fi] Lapinlahden silta 125 m (410 ft)(x3) 597 m (1,959 ft) Beam bridge
Steel
103+3x125+103
1965 HelsinkiLauttasaari
60°09′58.0″N 24°53′33.1″E / 60.166111°N 24.892528°E / 60.166111; 24.892528 (Lapinlahti Bridge)
Uusimaa [S 19]
[T 11]
  18 Karisalmi Bridge [fi] Karisalmen silta 125 m (410 ft) Suspension
Steel girder deck, steel pylons
25+125+25
Regional road 314
Lake Päijänne
1969 Asikkala
61°17′34.4″N 25°31′58.2″E / 61.292889°N 25.532833°E / 61.292889; 25.532833 (Karisalmi Bridge)
Päijät-Häme [T 12]
  19 Ison Pörrin Bridge Ison-Pörrin silta 120 m (390 ft) 120 m (390 ft) Arch
Steel tied arch
Bow-string bridge
Principal road 69
Aatunselkä
Äänekoski
62°32′17.4″N 25°49′56.0″E / 62.538167°N 25.832222°E / 62.538167; 25.832222 (Ison Pörrin Bridge)
Central Finland
  20 Luukkaansalmi Bridge [fi] Luukkaansalmen silta 120 m (390 ft) 420 m (1,380 ft) Beam bridge
Twin girder, composite steel/concrete
60+90+120+90+60
Road 4081
Lake Saimaa
1989 Lappeenranta
61°04′46.4″N 28°15′04.9″E / 61.079556°N 28.251361°E / 61.079556; 28.251361 (Luukkaansalmi Bridge)
South Karelia [S 20]
21 Toijansalmi Bridge Toijansalmen silta 120 m (390 ft) Box girder
Prestressed concrete
Road bridge
Vehkasalonselkä
2004 Taipalsaari
61°09′56.7″N 28°07′00.8″E / 61.165750°N 28.116889°E / 61.165750; 28.116889 (Toijansalmi Bridge)
South Karelia [35]
  22 New Jännevirta Bridge [fi] Jännevirran uusi silta 120 m (390 ft) 577 m (1,893 ft) Beam bridge
Twin girder, composite steel/concrete
70+100+120+100+70
2018 Kuopio
62°58′16.1″N 27°49′47.6″E / 62.971139°N 27.829889°E / 62.971139; 27.829889 (New Jännevirta Bridge)
North Savo [36]
  23 Virta Bridge [fi] Virran silta 114 m (374 ft) Suspension
Steel girder deck, steel pylons
Regional road 362
Pyhäjärvi
Kirkkojärvi
1964 Iitti
60°56′43.7″N 26°23′09.6″E / 60.945472°N 26.386000°E / 60.945472; 26.386000 (Virta Bridge)
Kymenlaakso [37]
24 Lietvesi Bridge [fi] Lietveden silta 112 m (367 ft) 288 m (945 ft) Beam bridge
Twin girder, composite steel/concrete
88+112+88
Principal road 62
Lake Saimaa
Puumalansalmen
1986 Puumala
61°33′05.3″N 27°57′44.3″E / 61.551472°N 27.962306°E / 61.551472; 27.962306 (Lietvesi Bridge)
South Savo [S 21]
[38]
  25 Hannula Bridge [fi] Hannulan silta 108 m (354 ft) 252 m (827 ft) Truss
Steel
1939 Tornio
65°50′48.7″N 24°09′23.7″E / 65.846861°N 24.156583°E / 65.846861; 24.156583 (Hannula Bridge)
Lapland [S 22]
[33]
  26 Oulu Iron bridge [fi] Rautasilta 100 m (330 ft) 115 m (377 ft) Truss
Steel
Road bridge
Oulujoki
1886 Oulu
65°01′21.1″N 25°29′46.5″E / 65.022528°N 25.496250°E / 65.022528; 25.496250 (Oulu Iron bridge)
North Ostrobothnia [S 23]
  27 Jännevirta Bridge [fi]
dismantled in 2018
Jännevirran silta 100 m (330 ft) 226 m (741 ft) Arch
Steel tied arch
Bow-string bridge
1951 Kuopio
62°58′17.3″N 27°49′48.7″E / 62.971472°N 27.830194°E / 62.971472; 27.830194 (Jännevirta Bridge)
North Savo [39]

Alphabetical list edit

Notes and references edit

  • "Suomen sillat - sivusto". Torsti.pp.fi - Bridges in Finland (in Finnish). Archived from the original on 24 June 2016.
  1. ^ "Halikon vanha silta". Archived from the original on 24 June 2016.
  2. ^ "Myllykosken museosilta". Archived from the original on 25 June 2016.
  3. ^ "Ylistön silta". Archived from the original on 24 June 2016.
  4. ^ "Vihantasalmen uusi silta "honkahimmeli"". Archived from the original on 24 June 2016.
  5. ^ "Kärkisten silta". Archived from the original on 24 June 2016.
  6. ^ "Kirjalansalmen silta". Archived from the original on 22 August 2019.
  7. ^ "Tähtiniemen silta". Archived from the original on 24 June 2016.
  8. ^ "Sääksmäen silta". Archived from the original on 24 June 2016.
  9. ^ "Saimaan silta". Archived from the original on 24 June 2016.
  10. ^ "Norrströmmenin silta". Archived from the original on 24 June 2016.
  11. ^ "Lapinlahden silta". Archived from the original on 24 June 2016.
  12. ^ "Karinsalmen silta". Archived from the original on 24 June 2016.
  • Others references
  1. ^ Liimatainen, 2007, p.7
  2. ^ Liimatainen, 2007, p.128
  3. ^ Konttijärvi, Eija (1987). Pyhäjoen Etelänkylän - isonsillan historia [The history of Pyhäjoki Etelänkylä - the big bridge] (PDF) (in Finnish). Central Ostrobothnia road and water construction district. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2016. {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help)
  4. ^ Liimatainen, 2007, p.142
  5. ^ Liimatainen, 2007, p.46
  6. ^ Chen, Duan, 2014, p.395
  7. ^ "Muinaiset sillat Oulussa - Tuiran väylän vanha silta purettiin räjäyttämällä" [Ancient bridges in Oulu - The old bridge of Tuira väylä was demolished by blowing up]. Kaleva.fi (in Finnish). Retrieved 6 December 2022.
  8. ^ Vantaankosken Mylly [Vantaankoski Mill] (PDF) (in Finnish). 7 June 2022. p. 11. {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help)
  9. ^ Liimatainen, 2007, p.135
  10. ^ Karola, O. (February 1988). "Kaitavesi Bridge, Tampere (Finland)". IABSE structures - Structures in Finland. Vol. 12. doi:10.5169/seals-20904. ISSN 0377-7286. {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help)
  11. ^ Liimatainen, 2007, p.95
  12. ^ Liimatainen, 2007, p.62
  13. ^ Liimatainen, 2007, p.137
  14. ^ Liimatainen, 2007, p.39
  15. ^ Fortino, Stefania; Hradil, Petr; Metelli, Giovanni (September 2019). Moisture-induced stresses in glulam beams of timber bridges. Case-study: Vihantasalmi Bridge (PDF). VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd. {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help)
  16. ^ Chen, Duan, 2014, p.405
  17. ^ "Vuoden silta 2017 on Isoisänsilta" [The bridge of the year 2017 is Isoisänsilta] (PDF). Helsingin - Rakennusmestarit ja -insinöörit - Helsinki Association of Architects and Engineers (in Finnish). Vol. 4. 2017. p. 6. {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help)
  18. ^ Kruunusillat - Raitiotieyhteys Laajasaloon [Crown bridges - Tram connection to Laajasalo] (in Finnish). Kruunusillat, City of Helsinki, WSP, Knight Architects. 2017. Retrieved 6 December 2022. {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help)
  19. ^ "Kruunuvuori Bridge". Wsp.com. Retrieved 6 December 2022.
  20. ^ "Mt 180 Kirjalansalemn silta - Yleissuunnitelma" [Mt 180 Kirjalansalem bridge - General plan] (PDF). Vayla.fi (in Finnish). Elinkeino-, liikenne- ja ympäristökeskus. 2016. Retrieved 6 December 2022.
  21. ^ "Kärkisten silta" [Kärkisten Bridge]. Alk.tiehallinto.fi (in French). Archived from the original on 20 January 2016.
  22. ^ Chen, Duan, 2014, p.402
  23. ^ Chen, Duan, 2014, p.403
  24. ^ "Louhunsalmen riippusilta" [Louhunsalmi suspension bridge]. Jyvaskyla.fi (in Finnish). Archived from the original on 30 September 2007. Retrieved 4 December 2022.
  25. ^ Suositukset vesistösiltojen - kulkuaukkojen vähimmäismitoks, 1984, p.101
  26. ^ Chen, Duan, 2014, p.398
  27. ^ Aitta, 2004, p.229
  28. ^ Nieminen, Jouni; Karri, Juhani (February 1988). "The Norrströmmen Bridge, Nauvo (Finland)". IABSE structures - Structures in Finland. Vol. 12. doi:10.5169/seals-20901. ISSN 0377-7286. {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help)
  29. ^ Nieminen, Jouni; Rautakorpi, Heikki (February 1988). "Widening of arch bridge Färjsund in Åland (Finland)". IABSE structures - Structures in Finland. Vol. 12. doi:10.5169/seals-20902. ISSN 0377-7286. {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help)
  30. ^ "Silta yli salmen" [Bridge over the strait]. Jukola.com (in Finnish). Retrieved 6 December 2022.
  31. ^ Chen, Duan, 2014, p.399
  32. ^ Kettunen, A.; Järvenpää, E. (February 1988). "Kemijoki River Bridge at Rovaniemi (Finland)". IABSE structures - Structures in Finland. Vol. 12. doi:10.5169/seals-20903. ISSN 0377-7286. {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help)
  33. ^ a b Chen, Duan, 2014, p.400
  34. ^ "Hännilänsalmen sillan purkutyöt päätökseen" [The demolition of the Hännilänsalmi bridge has been completed]. Yle.fi (in Finnish). Retrieved 6 December 2022.
  35. ^ Chen, Duan, 2014, p.397
  36. ^ Iso-Junno, Tarmo (2017). Jännevirran sillan väsymismitoitus mitatulla liikennekuormalla [Fatigue design of the Jännevirta bridge with measured traffic load] (PDF) (in Finnish). Teknillinen tiedekunta. Retrieved 6 December 2022. {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help)
  37. ^ Aitta, 2004, p.228-229
  38. ^ Hyvönen, J. (February 1988). "Lietvesi Bridge, Puumala (Finland)". IABSE structures - Structures in Finland. Vol. 12. doi:10.5169/seals-20905. ISSN 0377-7286. {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help)
  39. ^ Valtatie 9:n parantaminen Jännevirran sillan kohdalla -hankkeen loppuesite [Final brochure of the project "Improving highway 9 at the Jännevirta bridge] (PDF) (in Finnish). Liikennevirasto. November 2018. {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help)

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Further reading edit