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Long Island Sound is a large marine estuary in the Northeastern United States. It forms the maritime border between New York's Long Island and Connecticut. It is diverse and serves as a breeding ground to many different types of marine animal species; the following is a list of said species by scientific and/or common name. Marine mammals are excluded; see List of mammals of New York for the corresponding species.
Sponges (Porifera) edit
- Clathria prolifera (red beard sponge)
- Cliona celata (boring sponge)[1]
- Halichondria panicea (breadcrumb sponge)
- Halichondria bowerbanki (yellow sun sponge)
- Haliclona loosanoffi (erect sponge)
- Haliclona oculata (mermaid's glove)
- Isodictya palmata (finger sponge)
- Polymastia robusta
Comb jellies (Ctenophora) edit
Jellyfishes (Cnidaria: Medusozoa) edit
- Aurelia aurita (moon jelly)
- Chrysaora quinquecirrha (Atlantic sea nettle)
- Cyanea capillata (lion's mane jellyfish)
- Physalia physalis (Portuguese man o'war)
Corals (Cnidaria: Alcyonacea and Scleractinia) edit
- Alcyonium digitatum = Dead Man's Fingers Coral
- Astrangia poculata = Northern Star Coral
Sea Anemones (Cnidaria: Actiniaria) edit
- Ceriantheopsis americana (American striped burrowing anemone; invasive species)
- Cerianthus borealis = Northern Burrowing Anemone
- Diadumene leucolena = Ghost Anemone
- Diadumene lineata = Orange-Striped Green Anemone
- Fagesia lineata = Lined Anemone
- Metridium senile = Frilled Anemone
- Urticina felina = Northern Red Anemone
Crustaceans (Arthropoda: Crustacea) edit
True Crabs (Decapoda: Brachyura) edit
- Callinectes sapidus = Atlantic Blue Crab
- Carcinus maenas (European green crab; invasive species)
- Ovalipes ocellatus = Lady Crab
- Cancer irroratus = Atlantic Rock Crab
- Cancer borealis = Jonah Crab
- Libinia emarginata = Common Spider Crab
- Libinia dubia = Longnose Spider Crab
- Pelia mutica = Cryptic Teardrop Crab
- Sesarma reticulatum = Marsh Crab
- Hemigrapsus sanguineus (Asian shore crab; invasive species)
- Uca pugnax = Atlantic Marsh Fiddler Crab
- Uca pugilator = Atlantic Sand Fiddler Crab
Other decapods edit
- Homarus americanus = American Lobster
- Pagurus longicarpus = Long-Wrist Hermit Crab
- Pagurus pollicaris = Flatclaw Hermit Crab
- Crangon septemspinosa = Seven-Spined Sand Shrimp
- Palaemonetes pugio = Daggerblade Grass Shrimp
- Gilvossius setimanus = Ghost Shrimp
- Upogebia affinis = Coastal Mud Shrimp
Mantis Shrimp (Stomatopoda) edit
- Squilla empusa = Atlantic Mantis Shrimp
Horseshoe crabs (Arthropoda: Xiphosura) edit
- Limulus polyphemus (Atlantic horseshoe crab)
Cephalopods (Mollusca: Cephalopoda) edit
- Illex illecebrosus (northern shortfin squid)
- Loligo pealei (longfin inshore squid)
Gastropods (Mollusca: Gastropoda) edit
Littorinimorpha edit
This group includes filter feeders, omnivores, and predatory sea snails.
- Crepidula fornicata = Common Slipper Shell Snail
- Crepidula plana = Eastern White Slipper Shell
- Euspira heros = Northern Moonsnail
- Euspira triseriata = Spotted Moonsnail
- Neverita duplicata = Sharkeye Moonsnail[2]
- Littorina littorea (common periwinkle; invasive species)
- Littorina saxatilis = Rough Periwinkle
Neogastropoda edit
Most neogastropods are predatory sea snails.
- Buccinum undatum = Waved Whelk
- Busycon carica = Knobbed Whelk
- Busycotypus canaliculatus = Channeled Whelk
- Ilyanassa obsoleta = Eastern Mudsnail
- Ilyanassa trivittata = Threeline Mudsnail
- Mitrella lunata = Lunar Dovesnail
- Phrontis vibex = Bruised Nassa
- Nucella lapillus = Atlantic Dogwinkle
- Urosalpinx cinerea = Atlantic Oyster Drill
- Eupleura caudata = Thick-lip Drill
- Kurtziella cerina = Wax-Colored Mangelia
Ptenoglossa edit
- Cerithiopsis greenii = Green's Cerith
- Seila adamsii = Adam's Cerith
- Retilaskeya emersonii = Awl Cerith
Bivalves (Mollusca: Bivalvia) edit
Pteriomorphia edit
These filter feeders are either mobile or permanently attached to a substrate.
- Anadara transversa = Transverse Ark
- Anadara ovalis = Blood Ark
- Crassostrea virginica = Eastern Oyster
- Ostrea edulis = European Flat Oyster[3]
- Mytilus edulis = Blue Mussel
- Geukensia demissa = Ribbed Mussel
- Modiolus modiolus = Northern Horsemussel
- Anomia simplex = Jingle Shell
- Argopecten irradians = Bay Scallop
- Placopecten magellanicus = Sea Scallop
Heterodonta edit
These filter feeders are mostly burrowers.
- Arctica islandica = Ocean Quahog
- Mercenaria mercenaria = Northern Quahog / Hardshell Clam
- Pitar morrhuanus = False Quahog
- Spisula solidissima = Atlantic Surf Clam
- Mulinia lateralis = Dwarf Surf Clam
- Petricola pholadiformis = False Angelwing
- Mya arenaria = Softshell Clam
- Ensis directus = Atlantic Jackknife / Razor Clam
- Astarte undata = Wavy Astarte
- Astarte castanea = Smooth Astarte
Echinoderms (Echinodermata) edit
Sea Urchins (Echinoidea) edit
- Sand dollar
- Arbacia punctulata = Atlantic Purple Sea Urchin
- Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis = Common Green Sea Urchin
Sea Cucumbers (Holothuroidea) edit
- Sclerodactyla briareus = Hairy Sea Cucumber
Starfish (Asteroidea) edit
- Crossaster papposus = Spiny Sunstar
- Solaster endeca = Purple Sunstar
- Pteraster militaris = Winged Sea Star
- Hippasteria phrygiana = Horse Star
- Leptasterias tenera = Slender Seastar
- Asterias vulgaris = Northern Seastar
- Asterias forbesi = Common Seastar
- Henricia sanguinolenta = Blood Star
Brittle stars (Ophiuroidea) edit
- Ophioderma Brevispinum = Shortspined Brittlestar
- Ophiopholis Aculeata = Daisy Brittlestar
- Amphioplus abditus = Burrowing Brittlestar
- Axiognathus squamata = Little Brittlestar
- Gorgonocephalus arcticus = Northern Basketstar
Sea squirts (Chordata: Tunicata) edit
- Didemnum spp.
- Molgula manhattensis = Sea Grape
- Styela clava = Asian stalked Tunicate
- Botryllus schlosseri = Golden Star Tunicate
- Botrylloides violaceus = Compound Tunicate
Cartilaginous fish (Chordata: Chondrichthyes) edit
Sharks (Selachimorpha) edit
Resident sharks edit
- Carcharhinus leucas = Bull Shark
- Carcharhinus plumbeus = Sandbar Shark
- Mustelus canis = Dusky Smoothhound Shark / Smooth Dogfish
- Odontaspis taurus = Sand Tiger Shark
- Squalus acanthias = Spiny Dogfish
Vagrant sharks edit
- Carcharhinus obscurus = Dusky Shark
- Prionace glauca = Blue Shark
- Sphyrna zygaena = Smooth Hammerhead Shark
- Alopias vulpinus = Common Thresher Shark
- Carcharodon carcharias = Great White Shark
Skates and rays (Batoidea) edit
- Dasyatis centroura = Roughtail Stingray
- Raja eglanteria = Clearnose Skate
- Raja erinacea = Little Skate
- Dipturus laevis = Barndoor Skate
- Leucoraja ocellata = Winter Skate
- Torpedo nobiliana = Atlantic torpedo
- Rhinoptera bonasus = Cownose Ray
Bony Fish (Chordata: Osteichthyes) edit
Eels (Anguilliformes) edit
- Anguilla rostrata (American eel)
Gadiformes edit
- Enchelyopus cimbrius = Four-Bearded Rockling
- Microgadus tomcod = Atlantic Tomcod
- Urophycis chuss = Red Hake
Seahorses and pipefishes (Syngnathiformes) edit
- Hippocampus erectus = Northern Lined Seahorse
- Syngnathus fuscus = Northern Pipefish
Jacks (Carangiformes: Carangidae) edit
- Caranx hippos = Crevalle Jack, Jack Crevalle, Common Jack
- Caranx crysos = Blue Runner, Hardnose
- Carangoides bartholomaei = Yellow Jack, Coolihoo
- Chloroscombrus chrysurus = Atlantic Bumper
Flatfish (Pleuronectiformes) edit
- Etropus microstomus = Smallmouth Flounder
- Paralichthys dentatus = Fluke
- Pleuronectes ferruginea = Yellowtail Flounder
- Pseudopleuronectes americanus = Winter Flounder
- Scophthalmus aquosus = Windowpane Flounder
- Trinectes maculatus = Hogchoker
Scorpaeniformes edit
- Hemitripterus americanus = Atlantic Sea Raven
- Myoxocephalus aenaeus = Grubby Sculpin
- Myoxocephalus octodecemspinosus = Longhorn Sculpin
- Prionotus carolinus = Northern Sea Robin
- Prionotus evolans = Striped Sea Robin
- Pterois volitans (red lionfish; invasive species)
- Anarhichas lupus = Atlantic wolffish
Wrasses (Labriformes: Labridae) edit
- Tautoga onitis = Blackfish, Tautog
- Tautogolabrus adspersus = Cunner Wrasse, Bergall
Perciformes edit
Drums (Sciaenidae) edit
- Cynoscion regalis = Weakfish, Seatrout
- Menticirrhus saxatilis = Northern Kingfish, Northern Kingcroaker, Whiting
- Sciaenops ocellatus = Red Drum, Redfish, Puppy Drum, Channel Bass, Red, Spottail Bass
- Pogonias cromis = Black Drum, "Big Ugly", Drum, Drummer
- Leiostomus xanthurus = Spot, Spot Croaker
- Micropogonias undulatus = Atlantic Croaker
Other Perciformes edit
- Centropristis striata = Black Sea Bass
- Morone saxatilis = Striped Bass
- Pholis gunnellus = Rock Gunnel
- Pomatomus saltatrix = Bluefish
- Stenotomus chrysops = Scup
- Ulvaria subbifurcata = Radiated Shanny
- Archosargus probatocephalus = Sheephead
Anglerfish (Lophiiformes) edit
- Dibranchus atlanticus = Atlantic Batfish
- Lophius americanus = American Anglerfish
- Chaetodipterus faber = Atlantic spadefish
Tetraodontiformes edit
All of the animals in this category are summer visitors, who migrate northwards from warmer waters in the south.
- Balistes capriscus = Grey Triggerfish
- Chilomycterus schoepfii = Striped Burrfish
- Mola mola = Ocean Sunfish
- Sphoeroides maculatus = Northern Pufferfish
- Stephanolepis hispidus = Planehead Filefish
Miscellaneous Percomorpha edit
- Ammodytes americanus = American Sand Lance
- Apeltes quadracus = Four-Spined Stickleback (found in fresh and brackish water)
- Fundulus majalis = Striped Killifish
- Menidia menidia = Atlantic Silverside
- Opsanus tau = Oyster Toadfish
- Peprilus triacanthus = Atlantic Butterfish, American Butterfish
- Selene vomer = Lookdown
Gulf Stream Strays edit
Mainly all the animals in this category are juveniles carried via the Gulf Stream To the sound and end up dying when the water temperature cools.
- Balistes vetula = Queen triggerfish
- Aluterus scriptus = Scrawled filefish
- Acanthostracion quadricornis = Scrawled Cowfish
- Histrio histrio = Sargassum fish
- Megalops atlanticus = Atlantic tarpon
- Scorpaena plumieri = Spotted Scorpionfish
- Pomacanthus paru = French Angelfish
- Holacanthus bermudensis = Bermuda Blue Angelfish
- Hyporthodus niveatus = Snowy Grouper
- Fistularia tabacaria = Bluespotted cornetfish
- Chaetodon ocellatus = Spotfin Butterflyfish
References edit
- ^ Nicol, William L.; Reisman, Howard M. (1976). "Ecology of the Boring Sponge (Cliona celata) at Gardiner's Island, New York". Chesapeake Science. 17 (1): 1. doi:10.2307/1350571. ISSN 0009-3262. JSTOR 1350571.
- ^ "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Neverita duplicata (Say, 1822)".
- ^ "Connecticut Sea Grant | UConn". seagrant.uconn.edu. Archived from the original on 2016-11-03. Retrieved 2016-12-13.
Further reading edit
- Lynch, Patrick (2017). A Field Guide to Long Island Sound: Coastal Habitats, Plant Life, Fish, Seabirds, Marine Mammals, and Other Wildlife. Connecticut: Yale University Press. pp. All. ISBN 978-0300220353.
- Weiss, Howard (1995). Marine Animals of Southern New England and New York. Connecticut: Bulletin. pp. All. ISBN 0-942081-06-4.
- "NOAA Fish Watch". NOAA Fish Watch.
- "Fish". ARKIVE. Archived from the original on 2016-02-05.