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List of mammals of Singapore

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There are currently about 65 species of mammals in Singapore.[1] Since the founding years of modern Singapore in 1819, over 90 species have been recorded, including megafauna such as tigers, leopards and sambar deer. Most of these have since become locally extinct largely due to rapid urban development, with occasional large mammals such as Asian elephants swimming across the Straits of Johor from Johor, Malaysia.[2]

Plantain squirrel (Callosciurus notatus)
Long-tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis)
Raffles' banded langur (Presbytis femoralis) was almost extirpated in Singapore

Many surviving species have critically low population numbers, the most seriously endangered being the cream-coloured giant squirrel, last sighted in 1995[3] and now possibly extirpated. The Raffles' banded langur is also down to around 60 individuals. However, some species have been rediscovered in more remote parts of the country, such as the Malayan porcupine which was detected on Pulau Tekong in 2005,[4] and the greater mouse-deer on Pulau Ubin in 2009.[5]

The most commonly seen native mammals are the crab-eating macaque and plantain squirrel. The largest terrestrial mammal is the sambar deer, however, its population still remains extremely small. The wild boar is common on the offshore islands of Pulau Ubin and Pulau Tekong and on the mainland. The largest mammals are marine species like the dugong and dolphins.

Order Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates)

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Family Suidae (pigs)

Family Cervidae (deer)

Family Tragulidae (mousedeer)

Order Carnivora (carnivores)

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Family Herpestidae (mongooses)

Family Viverridae (civets)

Family Mustelidae (weasels, otters and relatives)

Family Felidae (cats)

Order Cetacea (cetaceans)

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Family Delphinidae (marine dolphins)

Family Phocoenidae (porpoises)

Family Physeteridae (sperm whale)

Order Chiroptera (bats)

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Family Pteropodidae (Old World fruit bats)

Family Emballonuridae (sheath-tailed bats)

Family Nycteridae (hollow-faced bats)

Family Megadermatidae (false vampires)

Family Rhinolophidae (horseshoe bats)

Family Hipposideridae (Old World leaf-nosed bats)

Family Vespertilionidae (evening bats)

Family Molossidae (free-tailed bats)

Order Dermoptera (colugo)

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Family Cynocephalidae (colugo)

Order Eulipotyphla (insectivores)

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Family Soricidae (shrews)

Family Erinaceidae (hedgehogs and gymnures)

  • Moonrat (Echinosorex gymnura) (doubtful - based on single specimen from former Raffles Museum collection that has since been lost)[12] LC[176]

Order Perissodactyla (odd-toed ungulates)

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Family Tapiridae (tapirs)

Order Pholidota (pangolins)

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Family Manidae (pangolins)

Order Primates (primates)

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Family Lorisidae (lorises)

Family Cercopithecidae (Old World monkeys)

Order Proboscidea (elephants)

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Family Elephantidae (elephants)

Order Rodentia (rodents)

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Family Muridae (mice and rats)

Family Spalacidae (mole-rats)

Family Sciuridae (squirrels)

Family Hystricidae (Old World porcupines)

Order Scandentia (treeshrews)

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Family Tupaiidae (treeshrews)

Order Sirenia (sea cows)

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Family Dugongidae (dugong)

Extirpated species

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See also

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References

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  243. ^ Aplin, K. (2016). "Rattus tiomanicus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T19368A22445426. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T19368A22445426.en. Retrieved 18 November 2020.
  244. ^ Aplin, K. (2016). "Rattus annandalei". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T19321A22443976. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T19321A22443976.en. Retrieved 18 November 2020.
  245. ^ Aplin, K.; Lunde, D. (2017) [errata version of 2016 assessment]. "Rhizomys sumatrensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T19647A115152803. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T19647A22275342.en. Retrieved 18 November 2020.
  246. ^ Duckworth, J. W. (2017). "Callosciurus finlaysonii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T3596A22254494. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T3596A22254494.en. Retrieved 18 November 2020.
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  248. ^ Yeo, Ron K. H. (31 August 2016). "Plantain squirrels at Semakau Landfill" (PDF). Singapore Biodiversity Records. 2016: 110.
  249. ^ Cassola, F. (2016). "Callosciurus prevostii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T3603A22253650. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T3603A22253650.en. Retrieved 18 November 2020.
  250. ^ Duckworth, J. W. (2017) [errata version of 2016 assessment]. "Hylopetes spadiceus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T10607A115098135. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T10607A22244296.en. Retrieved 18 November 2020.
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  252. ^ Aplin, K.; Lunde, D. (2017) [errata version of 2016 assessment]. "Iomys horsfieldii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T10845A115099730. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T10845A22249234.en. Retrieved 18 November 2020.
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  254. ^ Duckworth, J. W. (2017) [errata version of 2016 assessment]. "Petaurista petaurista". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T16723A115138344. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T16723A22272173.en. Retrieved 18 November 2020.
  255. ^ Meijaard, E. (2017). "Rhinosciurus laticaudatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T42460A22241116. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T42460A22241116.en. Retrieved 18 November 2020.
  256. ^ Tan, David J. X. (2015). "Shrew-faced squirrel at Bukit Timah" (PDF). Singapore Biodiversity Records. 2015: 39.
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  258. ^ Meijaard, E. (2016). "Sundasciurus tenuis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T21164A22249784. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T21164A22249784.en. Retrieved 18 November 2020.
  259. ^ Lunde, D.; Aplin, K.; Molur, S. (2017) [errata version of 2016 assessment]. "Hystrix brachyura". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T10749A115099298. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T10749A22232129.en. Retrieved 18 November 2020.
  260. ^ a b c d Chung, Y. F.; Lim, Norman T-L.; Shunari, M.; Wang, D. J.; Chan, Sharon K. L. (2016). "Records of the Malayan porcupine, Hystrix brachyura (Mammalia: Rodentia: Hystricidae) in Singapore" (PDF). Nature in Singapore. 9: 63–68.
  261. ^ Chua, Marcus A. H. (2015). "Malayan porcupine in Western Catchment Area" (PDF). Singapore Biodiversity Records. 2015: 7.
  262. ^ Sargis, E.; Kennerley, R. (2018) [errata version of 2017 assessment]. "Tupaia glis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T111872341A123796056. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T111872341A111872390.en. Retrieved 18 November 2020.
  263. ^ Baker, N. (2013). "Common treeshrew at Portsdown estate" (PDF). Singapore Biodiversity Records. 2013: 18.
  264. ^ D'Rozario, Vilma (2015). "Common treeshrew at Bedok" (PDF). Singapore Biodiversity Records. 2016: 147.
  265. ^ Tay, J. B. (2016). "Common treeshrew at Burgundy Crescent" (PDF). Singapore Biodiversity Records. 2015: 60.
  266. ^ Marsh, H.; Sobtzick, S. (2019). "Dugong dugon". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T6909A160756767. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T6909A160756767.en.
  267. ^ Willcox, D. H. A.; Chutipong, W.; Gray, T. N. E.; Cheyne, S.; Semiadi, G.; Rahman, H.; Coudrat, C. N. Z.; Jennings, A.; Ghimirey, Y.; Ross, J.; Fredriksson, G.; Tilker, A. (2016). "Arctictis binturong". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T41690A45217088. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T41690A45217088.en. Retrieved 17 November 2020.
  268. ^ Kamler, J.F.; Songsasen, N.; Jenks, K.; Srivathsa, A.; Sheng, L.; Kunkel, K. (2015). "Cuon alpinus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T5953A72477893. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T5953A72477893.en. Retrieved 11 November 2021.
  269. ^ Scotson, L.; Fredriksson, G.; Augeri, D.; Cheah, C.; Ngoprasert, D.; Wai-Ming, W. (2017). "Helarctos malayanus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T9760A123798233. Retrieved 17 November 2020.
  270. ^ Tizard, R. J. (2016). "Lariscus insignis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T11305A22242321. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T11305A22242321.en. Retrieved 18 November 2020.
  271. ^ Sivasothi, N.; Burhanuddin, Mohd. Nor (1994). "A review of otters (Carnivora: Mustelidae: Lutrinae) in Malaysia and Singapore". IUCN Hydrobiologia. 285 (1–3): 151–170. doi:10.1007/BF00005663. S2CID 44011643.
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  276. ^ Stein, A.B.; Athreya, V.; Gerngross, P.; Balme, G.; Henschel, P.; Karanth, U.; Miquelle, D.; Rostro-Garcia, S.; Kamler, J. F.; Laguardia, A.; Khorozyan, I. & Ghoddousi, A. (2020). "Panthera pardus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T15954A163991139.
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