The lesser false vampire bat (Megaderma spasma) is a bat found in South Asia and Southeast Asia from Sri Lanka and India in the west to Indonesia and the Philippines in the east. They live in caves and tree hollows. They are insectivorous.
| Lesser false vampire bat | |
|---|---|
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Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Chiroptera |
| Family: | Megadermatidae |
| Genus: | Megaderma |
| Species: | M. spasma
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| Binomial name | |
| Megaderma spasma | |
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| Lesser false vampire bat range | |
| Synonyms | |
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Vespertilio spasma Linnaeus, 1758 | |
Description
editThe lesser false vampire bat has a wingspan of up to 30 centimetres (12 in) and have a head-and-body length of around 10 centimetres (3.9 in). Their forearms are normally around 7 centimetres (2.8 in).
The lesser false vampire bat has yellowish veins through the wing, and when the wings are spread with light behind, they are given a prominent yellow/orange tinge. Their body colour ranges from grey-brown to blue-brown. Lesser false vampire bats live in rock crevices, caves, foliage and hollow trees, depending on availability, as well as hanging and sleeping on trees in general.
M. spasma has fur pale grey to grey-brown in colour.[3] Its noseleaf has long dorsal lobe with stiffened central ridge and broad convex flaps on the sides. Its ears are very large, joined at the base and it has no visible tail. Its echolocation pulses are short, low in density and broadband and its large ears are sensitive to echoes returning from their pulses and also sensitive to the sounds that prey generates.[4] M. spasma usually roosts in groups in caves, pits, building, and hollow trees.[5][3] M. spasma favours grasshoppers and moths[5] but sometimes they eat small vertebrates including other bats.[3] They have well developed, forward-pointing eyes and can locate prey visually.[4]
Taxonomy and range
editMegaderma spasma is classified in the order Chiroptera, family Megadermatidae, which comprises four genera and five species.[6][4] [5][3][7] It is most closely related to the greater false vampire bat, the only other species in the genus Megaderma. The type locality for the species was in Indonesia, the Maluku Islands, and at Ternate.[7] There are two specimens of M. spasma[8] collected and kept at Sarawak Museum Unimas, one from Niah and the other from Batu 16, Ulu Gombak.
Distribution
editM. spasma is distributed throughout the southern and eastern Indian Subcontinent, including India, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Sri Lanka, and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.[9] It is also present in mainland mainland Southeast Asia the Malay Peninsula, the Philippines, and much of Indonesia.[5][3][7]
Ecology and Behavior
editM. spasma usually roosts in a group of 3–30 individuals.[10] Their ecological importance may be both positive and negative to humans. They eat some insects which harm human crops, but they may carry and transmit certain diseases.[6]
References
edit- ^ Srinivasulu, B.; Srinivasulu, C.; Phelps, K. (2019). "Megaderma spasma". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T12939A22022345. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-2.RLTS.T12939A22022345.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
- ^ Linnæus, Carl (1758). Systema naturæ per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I (in Latin) (10th ed.). Holmiæ: Laurentius Salvius. p. 32. Retrieved 22 November 2012.
- ^ a b c d e Payne, J.; Francis, C. M.; Phillipps, K. (1985). Mammals of Borneo. The Sabah Society with World Wildlife Fund Malaysia. p. 185.
- ^ a b c Altringham, John D.; Tom McOwat (1996). Bats: Biology and Behaviour. Oxford University Press. pp. 31–33. ISBN 9780198503224.
- ^ a b c d Nowak, R. (1999). Walker's Mammals of the World, Vol 1 (6th ed.). Baltimore and London: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 326–327.
- ^ a b Feldhamer, G. A.; Drickamer, L. C.; Vessey, S. H.; Merritt, J. F. (1999). Mammalogy : Adaptation, Diversity and Ecology. McGraw-Hill. pp. 206–224.
- ^ a b c Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (1993). Mammal Species of the World (2nd ed.). Smithsonian Institution Press. p. 163.
- ^ Kooi, K. M. (1995). Catalogue of mammal skins in the Sarawak Museum, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia. Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS): Institute of Biodiversity and environmental conservation (IBEC). p. 27.
- ^ "Observations • iNaturalist".
- ^ Ellis, E. (1999). "Megaderma spasma". Animal Diversity Web. Retrieved 2009-01-12.