List of Rubiaceae of South Africa

Rubiaceae is a family of flowering plants (anthophytes) in the order Gentianales, commonly known as the coffee, madder, or bedstraw family. It consists of terrestrial trees, shrubs, lianas, or herbs that are recognizable by simple, opposite leaves with interpetiolar stipules and sympetalous actinomorphic flowers. The family contains about 13,500 species in about 620 genera, which makes it the fourth-largest angiosperm family. Rubiaceae has a cosmopolitan distribution; however, the largest species diversity is concentrated in the tropics and subtropics.[1]

23,420 species of vascular plant have been recorded in South Africa, making it the sixth most species-rich country in the world and the most species-rich country on the African continent. Of these, 153 species are considered to be threatened.[2] Nine biomes have been described in South Africa: Fynbos, Succulent Karoo, desert, Nama Karoo, grassland, savanna, Albany thickets, the Indian Ocean coastal belt, and forests.[3]

The 2018 South African National Biodiversity Institute's National Biodiversity Assessment plant checklist lists 35,130 taxa in the phyla Anthocerotophyta (hornworts (6)), Anthophyta (flowering plants (33534)), Bryophyta (mosses (685)), Cycadophyta (cycads (42)), Lycopodiophyta (Lycophytes(45)), Marchantiophyta (liverworts (376)), Pinophyta (conifers (33)), and Pteridophyta (cryptogams (408)).[4]

65 genera are represented in the literature. Listed taxa include species, subspecies, varieties, and forms as recorded, some of which have subsequently been allocated to other taxa as synonyms, in which cases the accepted taxon is appended to the listing.[4] Multiple entries under alternative names reflect taxonomic revision over time.

Afrocanthium

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Genus Afrocanthium:[4]

Agathisanthemum

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Genus Agathisanthemum:[4]

  • Agathisanthemum bojeri Klotzsch, indigenous
    • Agathisanthemum bojeri Klotzsch subsp. bojeri, indigenous
  • Agathisanthemum chlorophyllum (Hochst.) Bremek. indigenous
    • Agathisanthemum chlorophyllum (Hochst.) Bremek. var. chlorophyllum, endemic
    • Agathisanthemum chlorophyllum (Hochst.) Bremek. var. pubescens Bremek. endemic

Alberta

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Genus Alberta:[4]

Ancylanthos

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Genus Ancylanthos:[4]

Anthospermum

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Genus Anthospermum:[4]

Breonadia

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Genus Breonadia:[4]

Burchellia

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Genus Burchellia:[4]

Canthium

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Genus Canthium:[4]

Carpacoce

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Genus Carpacoce:[4]

Catunaregam

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Genus Catunaregam:[4]

Cephalanthus

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Genus Cephalanthus:[4]

Coddia

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Genus Coddia:[4]

Coffea

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Genus Coffea:[4]

Conostomium

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Genus Conostomium:[4]

  • Conostomium natalense (Hochst.) Bremek. indigenous
    • Conostomium natalense (Hochst.) Bremek. var. glabrum Bremek. indigenous
    • Conostomium natalense (Hochst.) Bremek. var. natalense, indigenous
    • Conostomium natalense (Hochst.) Bremek. var. ovalifolium Bremek. indigenous
  • Conostomium zoutpansbergense (Bremek.) Bremek. endemic

Coprosma

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Genus Coprosma:[4]

Coptosperma

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Genus Coptosperma:[4]

Cordylostigma

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Genus Cordylostigma:[4]

Crocyllis

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Genus Crocyllis:[4]

Crossopteryx

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Genus Crossopteryx:[4]

Diodia

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Genus Diodia:[4]

Diplospora

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Genus Diplospora:[4]

Empogona

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Genus Empogona:[4]

Eriosemopsis

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Genus Eriosemopsis:[4]

Fadogia

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Genus Fadogia:[4]

  • Fadogia homblei De Wild. indigenous
  • Fadogia tetraquetra K.Krause, indigenous
    • Fadogia tetraquetra K.Krause var. grandiflora (Robyns) Verdc. indigenous
    • Fadogia tetraquetra K.Krause var. tetraquetra, indigenous

Gaillonia

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Genus Gaillonia:[4]

Galium

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Genus Galium:[4]

Galopina

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Genus Galopina:[4]

Gardenia

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Genus Gardenia:[4]

Geophila

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Genus Geophila:[4]

Guettarda

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Genus Guettarda:[4]

Hedyotis

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Genus Hedyotis:[4]

Heinsia

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Genus Heinsia:[4]

  • Heinsia crinita (Afzel.) G.Taylor, indigenous
    • Heinsia crinita (Afzel.) G.Taylor subsp. parviflora (K.Schum. & K.Krause) Verdc. indigenous

Hymenodictyon

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Genus Hymenodictyon:[4]

Hyperacanthus

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Genus Hyperacanthus:[4]

Hypobathrum

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Genus Hypobathrum:[4]

Ixora

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Genus Ixora:[4]

Keetia

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Genus Keetia:[4]

Kohautia

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Genus Kohautia:[4]

Kraussia

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Genus Kraussia:[4]

Lagynias

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Genus Lagynias:[4]

Leptactina

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Genus Leptactina:[4]

Mitriostigma

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Genus Mitriostigma:[4]

Nenax

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Genus Nenax:[4]

Oldenlandia

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Genus Oldenlandia:[4]

  • Oldenlandia affinis (Roem. & Schult.) DC. indigenous
    • Oldenlandia affinis (Roem. & Schult.) DC. subsp. fugax (Vatke) Verdc. indigenous
  • Oldenlandia capensis L.f. indigenous
    • Oldenlandia capensis L.f. var. capensis, indigenous
  • Oldenlandia cephalotes (Hochst.) Kuntze, indigenous
    • Oldenlandia corymbosa L. indigenous
    • Oldenlandia corymbosa L. var. caespitosa (Benth.) Verdc. indigenous
  • Oldenlandia geminiflora (Sond.) Kuntze, endemic
  • Oldenlandia herbacea (L.) Roxb. indigenous
    • Oldenlandia herbacea (L.) Roxb. var. flaccida Bremek. indigenous
    • Oldenlandia herbacea (L.) Roxb. var. herbacea, indigenous
    • Oldenlandia herbacea (L.) Roxb. var. suffruticosa Bremek. endemic
  • Oldenlandia lancifolia (Schumach.) DC. indigenous
    • Oldenlandia lancifolia (Schumach.) DC. var. scabridula Bremek. indigenous
  • Oldenlandia muscosa Bremek. indigenous
  • Oldenlandia rosulata K.Schum. indigenous
    • Oldenlandia rosulata K.Schum. var. rosulata, indigenous
  • Oldenlandia rupicola (Sond.) Kuntze, indigenous
    • Oldenlandia rupicola (Sond.) Kuntze var. hirtula (Sond.) Bremek. indigenous
    • Oldenlandia rupicola (Sond.) Kuntze var. rupicola, indigenous
  • Oldenlandia tenella (Hochst.) Kuntze, indigenous
  • Oldenlandia virgata (Willd.) DC. accepted as Cordylostigma virgata (Willd.) Groeninckx & Dessein, indigenous

Otiophora

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Genus Otiophora:[4]

  • Otiophora calycophylla (Sond.) Schltr. & K.Schum. indigenous
    • Otiophora calycophylla (Sond.) Schltr. & K.Schum. subsp. calycophylla, endemic
    • Otiophora calycophylla (Sond.) Schltr. & K.Schum. subsp. verdcourtii Puff, endemic
  • Otiophora cupheoides N.E.Br. indigenous

Oxyanthus

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Genus Oxyanthus:[4]

  • Oxyanthus latifolius Sond. indigenous
  • Oxyanthus pyriformis (Hochst.) Skeels, indigenous
    • Oxyanthus pyriformis (Hochst.) Skeels subsp. pyriformis, indigenous
  • Oxyanthus speciosus DC. indigenous
    • Oxyanthus speciosus DC. subsp. gerrardii (Sond.) Bridson, indigenous
    • Oxyanthus speciosus DC. subsp. stenocarpus (K.Schum.) Bridson, indigenous

Pachystigma

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Genus Pachystigma:[4]

Paederia

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Genus Paederia:[4]

  • Paederia bojeriana (A.Rich.) Drake, indigenous
    • Paederia bojeriana (A.Rich.) Drake subsp. foetens (Hiern) Verdc. indigenous

Pavetta

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Genus Pavetta:[4]

Pentanisia

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Genus Pentanisia:[4]

  • Pentanisia angustifolia (Hochst.) Hochst. indigenous
  • Pentanisia prunelloides (Klotzsch ex Eckl. & Zeyh.) Walp. indigenous
    • Pentanisia prunelloides (Klotzsch ex Eckl. & Zeyh.) Walp. subsp. latifolia (Hochst.) Verdc. indigenous
    • Pentanisia prunelloides (Klotzsch ex Eckl. & Zeyh.) Walp. subsp. prunelloides, indigenous
  • Pentanisia sykesii Hutch. indigenous
  • Pentanisia sykesii Hutch. subsp. otomerioides Verdc. indigenous

Pentas

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Genus Pentas:[4]

Pentodon

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Genus Pentodon:[4]

  • Pentodon pentandrus (Schumach. & Thonn.) Vatke, indigenous
    • Pentodon pentandrus (Schumach. & Thonn.) Vatke var. minor Bremek. indigenous
    • Pentodon pentandrus (Schumach. & Thonn.) Vatke var. pentandrus, indigenous

Phylohydrax

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Genus Phylohydrax:[4]

Plectronia

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Genus Plectronia:[4]

Plectroniella

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Genus Plectroniella:[4]

Plocama

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Genus Plocama:[4]

Psychotria

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Genus Psychotria:[4]

  • Psychotria capensis (Eckl.) Vatke, indigenous
    • Psychotria capensis (Eckl.) Vatke subsp. capensis, indigenous
    • Psychotria capensis (Eckl.) Vatke subsp. capensis var. capensis, indigenous
    • Psychotria capensis (Eckl.) Vatke subsp. capensis var. pubescens, endemic
  • Psychotria zombamontana (Kuntze) E.M.A.Petit, indigenous

Psydrax

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Genus Psydrax:[4]

Pygmaeothamnus

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Genus Pygmaeothamnus:[4]

  • Pygmaeothamnus chamaedendrum (Kuntze) Robyns, indigenous
    • Pygmaeothamnus chamaedendrum (Kuntze) Robyns var. chamaedendrum, endemic
    • Pygmaeothamnus chamaedendrum (Kuntze) Robyns var. setulosus Robyns, indigenous
  • Pygmaeothamnus zeyheri (Sond.) Robyns, indigenous
    • Pygmaeothamnus zeyheri (Sond.) Robyns var. rogersii Robyns, endemic
    • Pygmaeothamnus zeyheri (Sond.) Robyns var. zeyheri, indigenous

Pyrostria

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Genus Pyrostria:[4]

Randia

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Genus Randia:[4]

Richardia

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Genus Richardia:[4]

Rothmannia

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Genus Rothmannia:[4]

  • Rothmannia capensis Thunb. indigenous
  • Rothmannia fischeri (K.Schum.) Bullock, indigenous
    • Rothmannia fischeri (K.Schum.) Bullock subsp. fischeri, indigenous
    • Rothmannia fischeri (K.Schum.) Bullock subsp. moramballae (Hiern) Bridson, indigenous
  • Rothmannia globosa (Hochst.) Keay, indigenous

Rubia

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Genus Rubia:[4]

Rytigynia

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Genus Rytigynia:[4]

  • Rytigynia celastroides (Baill.) Verdc. indigenous
    • Rytigynia celastroides (Baill.) Verdc. var. australis Verdc. indigenous

Sericanthe

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Genus Sericanthe:[4]

  • Sericanthe andongensis (Hiern) Robbr. indigenous
    • Sericanthe andongensis (Hiern) Robbr. subsp. andongensis, indigenous
    • Sericanthe andongensis (Hiern) Robbr. subsp. andongensis var. andongensis, indigenous
    • Sericanthe andongensis (Hiern) Robbr. subsp. legatii (Hutch.) Jordaan & H.M.Steyn, indigenous

Sherardia

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Genus Sherardia:[4]

Spermacoce

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Genus Spermacoce:[4]

Stylocoryne

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Genus Stylocoryne:[4]

Tapiphyllum

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Genus Tapiphyllum:[4]

Tarenna

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Genus Tarenna:[4]

Tricalysia

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Genus Tricalysia:[4]

Trichostachys

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Genus Trichostachys:[4]

Vangueria

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Genus Vangueria:[4]

References

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  1. ^ "Angiosperm Phylogeny Website". Retrieved 1 June 2014.
  2. ^ Butler, Rhett A. (1 July 2019). "Total number of plant species by country". Mongabay. Retrieved 21 July 2019.
  3. ^ "Vegetation of South Africa". PlantZAfrica.com. SA National Biodiversity Institute. Retrieved 24 July 2019.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx "species_checklist_20180710.csv". South African National Biodiversity Institute. Retrieved 27 September 2020.