List of Royal Canadian Navy ships of the Second World War

The Royal Canadian Navy expanded rapidly and substantially during the Second World War, with vessels transferred or purchased from the Royal Navy and US Navy, and the construction of many vessels in Canada, such as corvettes and frigates. The RCN ended the war with the third-largest naval fleet in the world, and an operational reach extending into the Atlantic, Pacific, Caribbean and Mediterranean.[1][2] The List of Royal Canadian Navy ships of the Second World War lists over 1,140 surface warships, submarines and auxiliary vessels in service during the war. It includes all commissioned, non-commissioned, loaned or hired ships, and all ships crewed by RCN personnel, including 30 depot ships (or "stone frigates"), under the command of the RCN.[3]

Royal Canadian Navy ensign flown on all RCN ships in the Second World War

Surface vessels edit

Escort carriers edit

Light cruisers edit

Armed merchant cruiser edit

Destroyers edit

*(US Navy Wickes and Clemson-class vessels commissioned into the Royal Navy as Town class, and later loaned to the RCN. Some also commissioned into the RCN.)

Frigates edit

Corvettes edit

Minesweepers edit

Motor launches edit

  • HMC ML Q050 (Fairmile B Type A) [4]
  • HMC ML Q051
  • HMC ML Q052 (loaned to FFN)
  • HMC ML Q053
  • HMC ML Q054
  • HMC ML Q055
  • HMC ML Q056
  • HMC ML Q057
  • HMC ML Q058
  • HMC ML Q059
  • HMC ML Q060
  • HMC ML Q061
  • HMC ML Q062 (loaned to FFN)
  • HMC ML Q063 (loaned to FFN)
  • HMC ML Q064
  • HMC ML Q065
  • HMC ML Q066
  • HMC ML Q067
  • HMC ML Q068
  • HMC ML Q069
  • HMC ML Q070
  • HMC ML Q071
  • HMC ML Q072
  • HMC ML Q073
  • HMC ML Q074
  • HMC ML Q075
  • HMC ML Q076
  • HMC ML Q077
  • HMC ML Q078
  • HMC ML Q079
  • HMC ML Q080
  • HMC ML Q081
  • HMC ML Q082
  • HMC ML Q083
  • HMC ML Q084
  • HMC ML Q085
  • HMC ML Q086
  • HMC ML Q087
  • HMC ML Q088
  • HMC ML Q089
  • HMC ML Q090
  • HMC ML Q091
  • HMC ML Q092
  • HMC ML Q093
  • HMC ML Q094
  • HMC ML Q095
  • HMC ML Q096
  • HMC ML Q097
  • HMC ML Q098
  • HMC ML Q099
  • HMC ML Q100
  • HMC ML Q101
  • HMC ML Q102
  • HMC ML Q103
  • HMC ML Q104
  • HMC ML Q105
  • HMC ML Q106
  • HMC ML Q107
  • HMC ML Q108
  • HMC ML Q109
  • HMC ML Q110
  • HMC ML Q111
  • HMC ML Q112 (Fairmile B Type B)[4]
  • HMC ML Q113
  • HMC ML Q114
  • HMC ML Q115
  • HMC ML Q116
  • HMC ML Q117
  • HMC ML Q118
  • HMC ML Q119
  • HMC ML Q120
  • HMC ML Q121
  • HMC ML Q122
  • HMC ML Q124
  • HMC ML Q125
  • HMC ML Q126
  • HMC ML Q127
  • HMC ML Q128
  • HMC ML Q129

*(Canadian Fairmiles were not commissioned. They were not named, until sold off, or assigned as tenders to various bases post-war. Ships loaned to Free French Navy (FFN) served under Canadian command.)

Motor Torpedo Boats edit

  • HMCS CMTB-1[5]
  • "S-03" (ex USN PT-3)
  • "S-04" (ex USN PT-4)
  • "S-05" (ex USN PT-5)
  • "S-06" (ex USN PT-6)
  • "S-07" (ex USN PT-7)
  • HMCS S-09 (ex USN PT-9)[5]
  • MTB 459 (G type)[6]
  • MTB 460 (G type)
  • MTB 461 (G type)
  • MTB 462 (G type)
  • MTB 463 (G type)
  • MTB 464 (G type)
  • MTB 465 (G type)
  • MTB 466 (G type)
  • MTB 485 (G type)
  • MTB 486 (G type)
  • MTB 491 (G type)
  • MTB 726 (Fairmile D type)[6]
  • MTB 727 (Fairmile D type)
  • MTB 735 (Fairmile D type)
  • MTB 736 (Fairmile D type)
  • MTB 737 (Fairmile D type)
  • MTB 743 (Fairmile D type)
  • MTB 744 (Fairmile D type)
  • MTB 745 (Fairmile D type)
  • MTB 746 (Fairmile D type)
  • MTB 747 (Fairmile D type)
  • MTB 748 (Fairmile D type)
  • MTB 797 (Fairmile D type)

Armed trawlers edit

Armed yachts edit

Landing craft edit

  • LCI (L) 115
  • LCI (L) 117
  • LCI (L) 118
  • LCI (L) 121
  • LCI (L) 125
  • LCI (L) 135
  • LCI (L) 166
  • LCI (L) 177
  • LCI (L) 249
  • LCI (L) 250
  • LCI (L) 252
  • LCI (L) 255
  • LCI (L) 260
  • LCI (L) 262
  • LCI (L) 263
  • LCI (L) 264
  • LCI (L) 266
  • LCI (L) 270
  • LCI (L) 271
  • LCI (L) 276
  • LCI (L) 277
  • LCI (L) 285
  • LCI (L) 288
  • LCI (L) 295
  • LCI (L) 298
  • LCI (L) 299
  • LCI (L) 301
  • LCI (L) 302
  • LCI (L) 305
  • LCI (L) 306
  • LCI (L) 310
  • LCI (L) 311
  • LCA 736
  • LCA 850
  • LCA 856
  • LCA 925
  • LCA 1021
  • LCA 1033
  • LCA 1057
  • LCA 1059
  • LCA 1137
  • LCA 1138
  • LCA 1150
  • LCA 1151
  • LCA 1371
  • LCA 1372
  • LCA 1374
  • LCA 1375

Submarines edit

Auxiliaries edit

(The symbol FY in the pennant number denotes fishing vessels of the Fisherman's Reserve which constituted a large portion of the auxiliary fleet throughout the Second World War.[7])

Accommodation vessels edit

Anti-submarine target towing vessels edit

  • CNAV Atwood (Z 47)
  • CNAV Brentwood (Z 48)
  • CNAV Eastwood (Z 49)
  • CNAV Greenwood (Z 50)
  • CNAV Inglewood (Z 51)
  • CNAV Kirkwood (Z 53)
  • CNAV Lakewood (Z 63)
  • CNAV Oakwood (Z 64)
  • CNAV Wildwood (Z 65)

How many total?

Cable layers edit

  • HMCS Cyrus Field

Coil skids edit

  • C.S. 8
  • C.S. 10
  • C.S. 13
  • C.S. 14
  • C.S. 15
  • C.S. 16
  • C.S. 17
  • C.S. 18

Diving vessels edit

  • Diving Tender No 2
  • Diving Tender No 3
  • Diving Tender No 4
  • Diving Tender No 5
  • Diving Tender No 6

Examination vessels edit

Gate vessels edit

Harbour craft edit

  • HC 1 (Gay Rover)
  • HC 2
  • HC 3
  • HC 4
  • HC 5
  • HC 6
  • HC 7
  • HC 8
  • HC 9
  • HC 10
  • HC 11
  • HC 12
  • HC 13
  • HC 14
  • HC 15
  • HC 16
  • HC 17
  • HC 18
  • HC 19
  • HC 20
  • HC 21
  • HC 22
  • HC 23
  • HC 24
  • HC 25
  • HC 26 (ex-Active II)
  • HC 27 (ex-Advance)
  • HC 28 (ex-Aqcharaz)
  • HC 29 (ex-Arrow)
  • HC 30 (ex-Alberta III)
  • HC 31 (ex-Zig Zag, ex-HMCS Avalon III)
  • HC 32 (ex-Rustic I)
  • HC 33 (ex-HMCS Attendant)
  • HC 34 (ex-HMCS Attentive)
  • HC 35
  • HC 36 (ex-HMCS Burma)
  • HC 37 (ex-HMCS Captor I)
  • HC 38 (ex-HMCS Castor)
  • HC 39 (ex-Clair L)
  • HC 40 (I) (ex-Doris May)
  • HC 40 (II) (ex-HMCS Invader)
  • HC 41 (ex-Edith 1)
  • HC 42 (Ednorina)
  • HC 43 (ex-Ellsworth)
  • HC 44 (ex-Emoh)
  • HC 45 (ex-Nancy Lee)
  • HC 46 (ex-Fernand Rinfret)
  • HC 47 (ex-Guardian)
  • HC 48 (ex-Gulf Ranger I)
  • HC 49 (ex-HMCS Hochelaga II)
  • HC 50 (ex-Invader)
  • HC 51 (ex-Islander)
  • HC 52 (ex-Jack L. Ingalls)
  • HC 53 (ex-HMCS Jalobert)
  • HC 54
  • HC 55 (ex-Jessie May)
  • HC 56 (Langholm)
  • HC 57
  • HC 58 (ex-Lila G)
  • HC 59 (ex-Lorraine)
  • HC 60 (ex-Marlis)
  • HC 61 (ex-Marmat)
  • HC 62 (ex-Matapan)
  • HC 63 (ex-HMCS Protector)
  • HC 64 (ex-Raficer)
  • HC 65 (ex-Saker II)
  • HC 66
  • HC 67 (ex-Marie Therese)
  • HC 68
  • HC 69 (ex-Wild Duck I)
  • HC 70 (ex-"ML 007")
  • HC 71
  • HC 72
  • HC 73 (ex-"ML 010")
  • HC 74
  • HC 75 (ex-"ML 013", ex-HMCS Lynx))
  • HC 76
  • HC 77
  • HC 78 (ex-Miss Gray)
  • HC 79 (ex-Miss Kelvin)
  • HC 80 (ex-Moby Dick I)
  • HC 82
  • HC 83
  • HC 84
  • HC 85 (ex-Nancy C)
  • HC 86 (ex-Nepsya)
  • HC 87 (ex-New America)
  • HC 88 (Newbrunswicker)
  • HC 89 (ex-Laval)
  • HC 90 (ex-Papoose)
  • HC 91
  • HC 92 (ex-Rio Casma)
  • HC 93 (ex-R.J. Foote)
  • HC 94 (ex-Rosemary)
  • HC 95 (ex-Saltpetre)
  • HC 96 (ex-Saravan)
  • HC 97 (ex-Shirley Mae)
  • HC 98 (ex-Soma I)
  • HC 99 (ex-Spartan III)
  • HC 100 (ex-Sidney River)
  • HC 101 (ex-Tantramar)
  • HC 102 (ex-HMCS Tuna II)
  • HC 103 (ex-Valinda)
  • HC 104 (ex-HMCS Vigil II)
  • HC 105 (ex-Wild Duck II)
  • HC 106 (ex-Wings)
  • HC 107 (ex-Workboy)
  • HC 108
  • HC 109
  • HC 110 (ex-Queen Bee I)
  • HC 113
  • HC 115
  • HC 116
  • HC 117
  • HC 118
  • HC 119
  • HC 120
  • HC 122
  • HC 121 (ex-Lady Beth II)
  • HC 123 (ex-Tao Tog)
  • HC 124 (ex-Yorkholme)
  • HC 125 (Universe Z125)
  • HC 126
  • HC 127 (ex-Skimmer II)
  • HC 128 (ex-Bytown
  • HC 129 (ex-Susan S)
  • HC 130 (ex-Fahe)
  • HC 131
  • HC 132
  • HC 133 (ex-Montcalm)
  • HC 134 (ex-Fortuna)
  • HC 135 (Veraine)
  • HC 136 (ex-Ditchburn)
  • HC 137 (ex-Venning)
  • HC 138 (ex-Viking)
  • HC 139 (ex-Rainbow II)
  • HC 140
  • HC 141
  • HC 142 (ex-HMCS Blarney II)
  • HC 143 (ex-HMCS Gertrude)
  • HC 144 (ex-HMCS Hornet)
  • HC 145 (ex-HMCS Uno)
  • HC 146
  • HC 147 (ex-Dorcas II)
  • HC 148
  • HC 149
  • HC 151
  • HC 152
  • HC 153
  • HC 154
  • HC 155
  • HC 156
  • HC 157 (ex-HC 81)
  • HC 158 (ex-Dolphin II III)
  • HC 159 (ex-Mush)
  • HC 160 (ex-Mary Goreham)
  • HC 161
  • HC 162
  • HC 163
  • HC 164
  • HC 165 (ex-Pal-O-Mine II)
  • HC 166
  • HC 167
  • HC 168
  • HC 169
  • HC 170 (ex-Mush)
  • HC 171 (ex-Skimmer III)
  • HC 173
  • HC 175
  • HC 176
  • HC 177
  • HC 178
  • HC 180 (ex-RCMP D-10)
  • HC 181
  • HC 182
  • HC 183
  • HC 184
  • HC 185
  • HC 186
  • HC 187
  • HC 188
  • HC 189
  • HC 190 (ex -HMCS Venture)
  • HC 191 (ex-Autumn Leaf)
  • HC 192
  • HC 193
  • HC 194
  • HC 195
  • HC 196
  • HC 197
  • HC 198
  • HC 199
  • HC 200
  • HC 201 (ex-Yendys)
  • HC 202 (ex-Mudathalapadu)
  • HC 203
  • HC 204
  • HC 205
  • HC 206
  • HC 207 (ex-Paragon II I)
  • HC 208
  • HC 209
  • HC 210
  • HC 211
  • HC 212
  • HC 213
  • HC 214
  • HC 215
  • HC 217
  • HC 218 (ex-Retlas)
  • HC 219
  • HC 220
  • HC 221
  • HC 223 (ex-Sea Bird II)
  • HC 224
  • HC 225
  • HC 230
  • HC 231
  • HC 232
  • HC 233
  • HC 234
  • HC 235
  • HC 236
  • HC 237
  • HC 238
  • HC 239
  • HC 240
  • HC 241
  • HC 242
  • HC 243
  • HC 244
  • HC 245
  • HC 246
  • HC 247
  • HC 248
  • HC 249
  • HC 250
  • HC 251
  • HC 252
  • HC 253
  • HC 254
  • HC 255
  • HC 256
  • HC 257
  • HC 258
  • HC 259
  • HC 260
  • HC 261
  • HC 262
  • HC 263
  • HC 264
  • HC 265
  • HC 266
  • HC 267
  • HC 268
  • HC 269
  • HC 270
  • HC 272
  • HC 273
  • HC 274
  • HC 275
  • HC 276
  • HC 277
  • HC 278
  • HC 279
  • HC 280
  • HC 281
  • HC 282
  • HC 284
  • HC 285
  • HC 286
  • HC 287
  • HC 288
  • HC 289
  • HC 290
  • HC 291
  • HC 292
  • HC 293
  • HC 294
  • HC 295
  • HC 296
  • HC 297
  • HC 298 (Weetiebud)
  • HC 299
  • HC 300 (ex-Lipari)
  • HC 301
  • HC 303
  • HC 304
  • HC 305
  • HC 306
  • HC 307
  • HC 309
  • HC 310
  • HC 311
  • HC 312
  • HC 313
  • HC 314
  • HC 315
  • HC 316
  • HC 319
  • HC 320
  • HC 322 (Fy 47, Sea Wave)
  • HC 323
  • HC 325
  • HC 326
  • HC 327
  • HC 328 (Fy 41, ex-Bluenose)
  • HC 329
  • HC 330
  • HC 331
  • HC 332
  • HC 333
  • HC 334
  • HC 335
  • HC 336
  • HC 337
  • HC 338
  • HC 339 (Fy 45, ex-Sea Flash)
  • HC 340 (ex-HMCS Bluenose)
  • HC 342
  • HC 343
  • HC 344
  • HC 345 (ex-Go Getter)
  • HC 346
  • HC 347
  • HC 349
  • HC 350
  • HC 351
  • HPC 1
  • HPC 2
  • HPC 3
  • HPC 4
  • HPC 5
  • HPC 6
  • HPC 7
  • HPC 8
  • HPC 9
  • HPC 10
  • HPC 11
  • HPC 12
  • HPC 14
  • HPC 15
  • HPC 16
  • HPC 17
  • HPS 18 (Imperator Z18)
  • HPC 19
  • HPC 20
  • HPC 21 (ex-Lucinda II)
  • HPC 22 (ex-Kwabeeta)
  • HPC 23
  • HPC 24
  • HPC 25
  • HPC 26
  • HPC 27
  • HPC 28
  • HPC 29
  • HPC 30
  • HPC 31
  • HPC 33
  • HPC 34
  • HPC 35
  • HPC 36
  • HPC 37
  • HPC 38
  • HPC 39
  • HPC 40
  • HPC 41

Hospital ships edit

Mine laying vessels edit

Minesweeper auxiliaries edit

Mobile deperming craft edit

Patrol boats edit

  • HMCS Acadia
  • HMCS Adversus (J17)[8]
  • HMCS Alachasse (Z18/J18)[8]
  • HMCS Allaverdy (Fy 06)
  • HMCS Andamara (Z 22)
  • HMCS Anna Mildred (Fy 87/Z12A)
  • HMCS Bantie (W 04)
  • HMCS Barclay Sound (Fy23)
  • HMCS Barmar (Fy 10/Z115)
  • Bartlett
  • HMCS B.C. Lady (Fy 07, later to RCAF)
  • HMCS Billow (Fy 25), ex-(Fy 32)
  • HMCS Camenita (Fy 41)
  • HMCS Cancolim (Z10)
  • HMCS Canfisco (Fy 17)
  • HMCS Capella (Fy 31)
  • HMCS Chamiss Bay (Fy 39/F50)
  • HMCS Cleopatra (Fy 89/Z35)
  • HMCS Combat (later to RCAF)
  • HMCS Comber (Fy 37) (ex-C.S.C. II)
  • HMCS Crest (Fy 38) (ex-May S)
  • HMCS Dalehurst (Fy 35) (ex-Glendale V)
  • HMCS Departure Bay (Fy 48)
  • HMCS Earl Field (Fy 40)
  • HMCS Ehkoli (Fy 12)
  • HMCS Eileen
  • HMCS Fifer (Fy 00/Z30)
  • HMCS Interceptor (Z15)
  • HMCS Howe Sound I (Fy 19)
  • HMCS Johanna (Fy 28)
  • HMCS Kuitan (Fy 14)
  • HMCS Leola Vivien (Fy 15, also called Leelo)
  • HMCS Lil II
  • HMCS Louis Herbert (Fy 92/J22)
  • HMCS Loyal I (Fy 43)
  • HMCS Loyal II (Fy 22/Z25) (ex-Foam)
  • HMCS Maraudor (Fy 03)
  • HMCS Margaret I (Fy 29)
  • HMCS Meander (Z04)
  • HMCS Merry Chase (Fy 46)
  • HMCS Moolock (Fy 16)
  • HMCS Moresby III (Fy 42)
  • HMCS Nenamook (Fy 13)
  • HMCS Norsal (P12/Z12)[19]
  • HMCS San Tomas (Fy 02)
  • HMCS Santa Maria (Fy 08)
  • HMCS Smith Sound (Fy 18)
  • HMCS Snow Prince (later to RCAF)
  • HMCS Spray (Fy 33/Z09) (ex-'Hatta VII')
  • HMCS Springtime V (Fy 09)
  • HMCS Starling (II)
  • HMCS Surf (Fy 24) (ex-Arashio)
  • HMCS Talapus (Fy 11)
  • HMCS Tordo| (Fy 20)
  • HMCS Valdes (Fy 21)
  • HMCS Vanisle (Fy 01)
  • HMCS Vencedor (Z21)[18]
  • HMCS West Coast (Fy 04)
  • HMCS Western Maid (Fy 36)

Survey vessels edit

Support ships edit

Tenders edit

  • HMCS Chief Seagay
  • HMCS Chief Tapeet
  • HMCS "Crusader"

Training vessels edit

Tugboats edit

  • HMCS Glenada (W30) (Glen class)
  • HMCS Glenbrook (W64/YTB 501) (Glen class)
  • HMCS Glenclova (Glen class)
  • HMCS Glencove (W37) (Glen class)
  • HMCS Glendevon (W38/YTB 505) (Glen class)
  • HMCS Glendon (W39/YTB 506) (Glen class)
  • HMCS Glendower (W24) (Glen class)
  • HMCS Glendyne (W68/YTM 503) (Glen class)
  • HMCS Gleneagle (W40) (Glen class)
  • HMCS Glenella (W41) (Glen class)
  • HMCS Glen Evis (W65/YTB 502) (Glen class)
  • HMCS Glenfield (W42) (Glen class)
  • HMCS Glenholme (W28) (Glen class)
  • HMCS Glenkeen (W67) (Glen class)
  • HMCS Glen Lea (W25) (Glen class)
  • HMCS Glenlivet (W43/YTB 504) (Glen class)
  • HMCS Glenmont (W27) (Glen class)
  • HMCS Glenora (W26) (Glen class)
  • HMCS Glenside (W63/YTB 500) (Glen class)
  • HMCS Glenvalley (W44) (Glen class)
  • HMCS Glenwood (W45) (Glen class)
  • HMCS Alberton (W48) (Norton class)
  • HMCS Beaverton (W23) (Norton class)
  • HMCS Birchton (W35) (Norton class)
  • HMCS Clifton (W36/ATA 529) (Norton class)
  • HMCS Heatherton (W22/ATA 527) (Norton class)
  • HMCS Maxwellton (W46) (Norton class)
  • HMCS Norton (W31) (Norton class)
  • HMCS Riverton (W47/ATA 528) (Norton class)
  • Adamsville (YTS 582) (Ville class)
  • Auburnville (W50) (Ville class)
  • Barkerville (Ville class)
  • Beamsville (YTS 583) (Ville class)
  • Blissville (W56) (Ville class)
  • Bonnyville (Ville class)
  • Coalville (YTS 576) (Ville class)
  • Eckville (W58/YTS 580) (Ville class)
  • Grenville (W20) (Ville class)
  • HMCS Haysville (W18) (Ville class)
  • Hartville (Ville class)
  • Hodgeville (W53) (Ville class)
  • Innisville (Ville class)
  • Jamesville (Ville class)
  • Johnville (Ville class)
  • Kayville (Ville class)
  • Kingsville (W19) (Ville class)
  • Lakeville (W21) (Ville class)
  • Lawrenceville (YTS 584) (Ville class)
  • Listerville (YTS 578) (Ville class)
  • Loganville (YTS 589) (Ville class)
  • Luceville (Ville class)
  • Mannville (W57/YTS 577) (Ville class)
  • Martinville (W61) (Ville class)
  • Marysville (YTS 585) (Ville class)
  • Merrickville (Ville class)
  • Neville (Ville class)
  • Otterville (W32/YTS 590) (Ville class)
  • Parksville (W49/YTS 579) (Ville class)
  • Pierreville (Ville class)
  • HMCS Plainsville (W01/YTS 587) (Ville class)
  • Queensville (YTS 586) (Ville class)
  • Radville (W52) (Ville class)
  • Roseville (Ville class)
  • Streetsville (W55) (Ville class)
  • Shawville (Ville class)
  • Youville (YTS 588) (Ville class)
  • FT 1 (Fire tug)
  • FT 2 (Fire tug)
  • FT 3 (Fire tug)
  • HMCS Bally (Fy 88)
  • HMCS Bersimis
  • Brighton (W35)
  • HMCS D.W. Murray
  • HMCS J.A.Cornett
  • HMCS Frank Dixon
  • HMCS Haro
  • HMCS Helena
  • HMCS Helen S
  • HMCS Lisgar
  • HMCS North Lake
  • HMCS North Shore
  • HMCS North Star
  • HMCS Northwind
  • HMCS Ocean Eagle (Fy 71/J07)
  • HMCS Patricia McQueen
  • HMCS Pugwash (W01)
  • HMCS Ripple II (Fy)
  • HMCS Stanpoint

W/T Calibration vessels edit

  • HMCS Aristocrat (Z46)
  • HMCS Seretha II (Fy 45/Z45)

Other edit

Depot ships edit

Depot ships, also known as stone frigates or accommodation ships, are those navy shore establishments that are by tradition allocated ship names. In some instances the name for an establishment located at a harbour is derived from an actual ship stationed permanently in that harbour.

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ Willmott, H.P.; et al. (2004). World War. London: Dorling Kindersley Limited. pp. 168.
  2. ^ STACEY, C. P. (1970). Arms, Men and Governments: The War Policies of Canada1939-1945. Ottawa: Queen's Printer. p. 315.
  3. ^ "Guide to Sources Relating to Canadian Naval Vessels (1909– 1983)" (PDF). Library and Archives Canada. Government of Canada. Retrieved 10 March 2016.
  4. ^ a b Macpherson and Barrie, p.215
  5. ^ a b Macpherson and Barrie, p.213
  6. ^ a b Macpherson and Barrie, p.214
  7. ^ German, Tony (1990). The Sea is at Our Gates; The History of the Canadian Navy. Toronto: McClelland & Stewart. p. 74. ISBN 0-7710-3268-4.
  8. ^ a b c Macpherson and Barrie, p.219
  9. ^ Macpherson and Barrie, p.222
  10. ^ Macpherson and Barrie, p.221
  11. ^ a b Macpherson and Barrie, p.223
  12. ^ a b c Macpherson and Barrie, p.224
  13. ^ a b c Macpherson and Barrie, p.225
  14. ^ a b Macpherson and Barrie, p.229
  15. ^ a b c Macpherson and Barrie, p.233
  16. ^ a b Macpherson and Barrie, p.228
  17. ^ Macpherson and Barrie, p.230
  18. ^ a b c Macpherson and Barrie, p.232
  19. ^ a b Macpherson and Barrie, p.226
  20. ^ Macpherson and Barrie, p.34

Bibliography and further reading edit