This is the complete list of Olympic medalists in modern pentathlon.
Current program edit
Men's individual edit
Women's individual edit
Discontinued event edit
Men's team edit
Athletes edit
The following table shows the most successful athletes in Olympic modern pentathlon by medals won:
| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |  András Balczó (HUN) | 3 | 2 | 0 | 5 |
| 2 |  Pavel Lednyov (URS) | 2 | 2 | 3 | 7 |
| 3 | Igor Novikov (URS) | 2 | 2 | 0 | 4 |
| 4 |  Daniele Masala (ITA) | 2 | 1 | 0 | 3 |
 Lars Hall (SWE) | 2 | 1 | 0 | 3 | |
| Anatoly Starostin (URS) | 2 | 1 | 0 | 3 | |
| 7 | János Martinek (HUN) | 2 | 0 | 1 | 3 |
| Ferenc Török (HUN) | 2 | 0 | 1 | 3 | |
| 9 | Ferenc Németh (HUN) | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
 Arkadiusz Skrzypaszek (POL) | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | |
 Andrey Moiseyev (RUS) | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |