Wikipedia

List of American independent films

This is a list of notable American independent films (which are also known sometimes as "specialty", "alternative", "indie", and/or "quality")[1][2][3][4][5][6][7] that were made outside of the Hollywood studio system or traditional arthouse/independent filmmaking yet managed to be produced, financed and distributed by the two with varying degrees of success and/or failure.[8]

Background

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The American independent film, prior to the 1980s and first half of the 1990s,[9][10][11] was previously associated with Poverty Row b movies (e.g. Republic Pictures[12]) exploitation films, avant-garde underground cinema (when it was known as the New American Cinema[13]), social and political documentaries, experimental animated shorts (since the mid-1930s featuring works by pioneer animators Mary Ellen Bute and Oskar Fischinger) and social realist dramas.[14][15][16][17][18][19][20]

Throughout the middle of the 1990s, the word "Indiewood" (a.k.a. "indie boom" or "indie film movement")[21][22][4] was invented to describe a component of the spectrum of American films in which distinctions exist, it seemed as if Hollywood and the independent sector had become blurred.[23][24][25][26][27][4]

Differences from Hollywood

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The films are often made for far less money than Hollywood films[28][29] (some films like Robert Townsend's 1987 satire Hollywood Shuffle, Richard Linklater's 1991 countercultural piece Slacker and Kevin Smith's 1994 Gen X comedy Clerks were funded by using credit cards[11][30]) and each aspect of the filmmaking process has to undergo less scrutiny by committees. Additionally, within the Indiewood approach the filmmaker can take as long as they need in the post-production phase of their film - whereas in Hollywood they are contracted to finish the film in a specific period of time (usually 10 weeks). In Hollywood, the film then goes on to show in focus group screenings on the studio lot. In Indiewood, the filmmakers can determine the next steps of the film. They also bear striking similarities to as well as were influenced by the "proto-indies" of the 1960s such as Robert Downey Sr's still image film Chafed Elbows (1966), John Cassavetes's Academy Award-nominated Faces and Brian de Palma's Greetings (each from 1968) which in turn were influenced by the culture of the Beat Generation.[31][17]

Many indie films were made by small companies that were created daily in the 80s and 90s to the point where most of them went bankrupt.[32]

Most Indiewood films are first shown at film festivals with the hopes of further distribution by being picked up (or purchased) by a larger film company or distributor in order to find broader audiences alongside awards consideration[33][34] (e.g. 2009's A Single Man).[35]

Divisions

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Indiewood divisions gain from expert experience of the niche industry by hiring leading independent personalities such as Harvey Weinstein[36] from the Disney fold after the exit of the Weinsteins,[37][38] and James Schamus, former joint head of Good Machine alongside producer Ted Hope, at Focus Features.[39][40]

Other "mini-major" subdivisions/indie distributors

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Sources

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[42][2][43][21][44][45][46][47][48][49][50]

List of selected notable American independent films

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Pre-1950s

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1950s

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1960s

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1970s

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[48][122][83][74][111][84]≈

1980s

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[171][72][115][116][17][48][146]≈

[170][171][15][72][115][116][48]

[115][15][116][146][83][111][66]≈

[165][47][184][82][194][170][171][72][83][145] [115][178][15][195][116][17][48][74][111]≈

1990s

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[6][191][171][72][83][74]

[74][200][114][17][48][83]≈

[6][191][211][171][48][83][212][84]

[184][82][6][191][215][87][83][200]

[211][171][72][115][114][48]≈

[4][210][169][45][6][72][17][48][66]≈

[171][115][48][83][199][200]

[6][215][87][48][199][200]

[117][72][87][48][83][74]

2000s

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[82][72][115][114][48][83][245]

[267][211][171][248][72][114][87][48][83][245]

2010s

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2020s

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List of notable American independent filmmakers

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[48][83][7][74]

[9][116][17][48][146][83][74][145]

[229][47][184][82][191][171][17][83][330]

[170][171][17][48]

[165][47][184][170][171][9][116][146][83]

[170][116][17][83][7][74]

[171][116][133][74]

[74][52][91]

[48][190][74]

[171][161][128][145]

[47][82][194][171][114][116][48][83]

[184][82][191][171][116][17][48][74][330]

[224][82][171][83][128]

[124][48][146][83][74]

[22][158][184][82][194][170][171][227][178][17][48]

[22][250][5][214][191][171][17][48][83]

[116][74]

References

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  42. ^ Somewhere Only We Know on Notebook|MUBI
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  60. ^ a b Watch: How New Hollywood Created the American Indie - No Film School
  61. ^ An Election-Year Campaign Video That’s Kind of Nasty - Macleans.ca
  62. ^ Animated cartoon sponsored by union played role in reelecting Roosevelt - California Labor Federation
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  64. ^ a b An indie film lover's dream: Filmzie is an ode to movie buffs (and it's free) - CQ Australia
  65. ^ Independent Filmmaking in the Studio Era: The Poverty Row Studios (1930–50s)|American Independent Cinema: An Introduction|Edinburgh Scholarship Online
  66. ^ a b c d e URI film professor picks five essential American indie films - Rhody Today
  67. ^ Oskar Fischinger, Motion Painting no. 1, 1947|MoMA
  68. ^ Five - Trailers From Hell
  69. ^ 'Emotion' filmmaker Fuller gets his due - SFGATE
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  71. ^ a b Stanley Kubrick: The Ultimate Guide to the Legendary Filmmaker|Indie Film Hustle
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  75. ^ Bride of the Monster - Trailers From Hell
  76. ^ a b c d e f THE REAL INDIES: A CLOSE LOOK AT ORPHAN FILMS|Oscars.org
  77. ^ a b c d e When Indie Animation Won Its First Oscar|Animation Obsessive
  78. ^ a b c d Underrated Horror Movies of the 1950s, Ranked - MovieWeb
  79. ^ The Blob - Trailers From Hell
  80. ^ a b A Film That Live Forever|Animation Obsessive
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  83. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca The 50 Greatest American Independent Movies|Movies|Empire
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  89. ^ REEL BROOKLYN: BLAST OF SILENCE, EAST NEW YORK - Brooklyn Magazine
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  92. ^ a b Review: Curtis Harrington's Night Tide on Kino Lorber Blu-ray - Slant Magazine
  93. ^ Night Tide - Variety
  94. ^ Night Tide - Cinema - Queensland Art Gallery|Gallary of Modern Art
  95. ^ Something Wild - Harvard Film Archive
  96. ^ Tribeca Festival : Review / The Wild One, A Magnificent Documentary Where Life And Craft Resound Social Justice Consciousness- Cinema Daily US
  97. ^ INDIE HORROR MEETS WORLD CINEMA IN THE CULT 'CARNIVAL OF SOULS'|PopMatters
  98. ^ How Obscure Horror Film 'Carnival of Souls' Influenced Everything You've Ever Seen - No Film School
  99. ^ 'Carnival of Souls' Proves the Shocking Allure of Indie Horror - Hollywood in Toto
  100. ^ a b Classic Thrills & Late-Night Chills on Tap for 'Freaky Fridays' at the Film Society - Film at Lincoln Center
  101. ^ Carnival of Souls - Trailers From Hell
  102. ^ a b c d Arch Hall, Jr.: Inside the Wild Guitar - Off Beat Magazine
  103. ^ a b The Lemon Grove Kids Meet the Monsters - DVD Drive-In
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  107. ^ Jim Henson: Before Happytime Murders, Muppet creator told edgy stories - Polygon
  108. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Help! I Love Watching Animated Shorts|Animation World Network
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  110. ^ 50 Years Of Harry Nilsson's The Point - Aquarium Drunkard
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  112. ^ The Jungle / Several Friends / The Pocketbook / Grey Area|UCLA Film & Television Archive
  113. ^ a b The Real Indies: A Close Look at Orphan Films|Oscars.org (title: "Spider Baby")
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  116. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z Outsider Features - Google Books
  117. ^ a b c d e f g h i j 10 Indie Movies That Became Pop Culture Hits|Collider
  118. ^ The Last Picture Show - Trailers From Hell
  119. ^ Putney Swope - Trailers From Hell
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  121. ^ Joe - Trailers From Hell
  122. ^ a b The Criterion Channel's June 2022 Lineup|Current|The Criterion Collection
  123. ^ a b c d e f When the Movies Mattered - Google Books
  124. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Best Indie Horror Films From The 1970s - Screen Rant
  125. ^ a b c d e Don Bluth Goes Independent - AWN.com
  126. ^ Carnival of Souls: "Thinkin' Like That, Don't It Give You Nightmares?"|Current|The Criterion Collection
  127. ^ a b c d e NIGHTMARE USA: The Untold Story of the Exploitation Independents on Amazon.com
  128. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag Contemporary American Independent Film - Google Books
  129. ^ 'Benji' Events|Visit McKinney
  130. ^ The Real Indies: A Close Look at Orphan Films|Oscars.org (title: "Altered Reality")
  131. ^ A Year of Fear - Google Books (pg.117)
  132. ^ a b To Sleep With Anger - Blueprint: Review
  133. ^ a b c d e Daniel Talbot, Iconic Indie Film Distributor and Exhibitor, Dies|The Wrap
  134. ^ Girlfriends review – a lo-fi indie miracle about love and the city|Movies|The Guardian
  135. ^ a b c d Indie Reframed: Women's Filmmaking and Contemporary American Independent Cinema on JSTOR
  136. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Movies You Probably Forgot Were Indies - SAGIndie
  137. ^ Chainsaws, Slackers, and Spy Kids - Google Books (pg.49)
  138. ^ MSP Film Society|WonderWomen: The Works of Suzan Pitt
  139. ^ a b c d Mad Eyed Misfits - Google Books
  140. ^ From the Vaults of Streaming Hell: The Psychotronic Man - Spectrum Culture
  141. ^ Stanley, John (2000). Creature Features: The Science Fiction, Fantasy, and Horror Movie Guide (illustrated, revised ed.). Berkley Boulevard Books. p. 418. ISBN 0-425-17517-0.
  142. ^ Atlantic City (1981) - filmsite.org
  143. ^ The Real Indies: A Close Look at Orphan Films|Oscars.org (title: "Pioneering Women")
  144. ^ a b c How Wayne's World Made—and Broke—It's Director's Career|Vanity Fair
  145. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x Greatest Indie Movies of the 1980s - MovieWeb
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  149. ^ Film Fourm · THE ATOMIC CAFE
  150. ^ "The Atomic Café" – Reflecting on the 40th Anniversary of the Acclaimed Documentary|Under the Radar Magazine
  151. ^ a b c d e f 10 Great Indie Movies You May Have Never Seen - Page 2 - Taste of Cinema
  152. ^ ‘Bloody Bridget’ Exclusive Trailer – Richard Elfman Unleashes His Valentine Vampire! - Bloody Disgusting
  153. ^ Liquid Sky|Quad Cinema
  154. ^ AFI|Catalog - The Secret of NIMH
  155. ^ The Secret of NIMH: 40 Years Of Don Bluth's Magic - Skwigly Animation Magazine
  156. ^ a b c HOW THE SECRET OF NIMH PROVED DON BLUTH COULD BEAT DISNEY - Nerdist
  157. ^ a b c d e The Best Indie Movie of Every Year in the 80s - MovieWeb
  158. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Film Sequels: Theory and Practice from Hollywood to Bollywood - Google Books (ch."Adventures in Indiewood")
  159. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af Documentary, Performance and Risk - Google Books (ch.1 "Theorizing Documentary, Performance and Risk"; section: "American documentary and the rise of 'indie' doc")
  160. ^ The Real Indies: A Close Look at Orphan Films|Oscars.org (title: "Visions of New York")
  161. ^ a b c d e f g 10 Great 1980s Indie Movies You May Have Never Seen - Taste of Cinema
  162. ^ a b c February 2023 Programming on the Criterion Channel Announced - CriterionCast.com
  163. ^ a b Hair Piece by Ayoka Chenzira Enters US National Film Registry|Zippy Frames
  164. ^ BAM|Les Blank Program
  165. ^ a b c d e f g h i Commentary: You're Remembering House Party All Wrong|News|BET
  166. ^ a b c The American Roadside in Émigré Literature, Film, and Photography 1955–1985 - Google Books (pg.157)
  167. ^ Here's Hoping Alex Cox's Repo Man Sequel Isn't One Big Circle Jerk|Tor.com
  168. ^ Repo Man|Quad Cinema
  169. ^ a b c d e f g Indie: An American Film Culture on JSTOR
  170. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p History of the Sundance Film Festival (Part 3) - Sundance Guiide
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  172. ^ a b 12 '80s-Era Indie Films to Swap Out for Your Old School Favorites|IndieWire
  173. ^ FILM LOOKS AT THE '39 WORLD FAIR - The New York Times
  174. ^ 3 Reasons Why: The Adventures of Mark Twain (1985)|Zippy Frames
  175. ^ Undercover Indies: How ‘The Breakfast Club’ Went Small-Scale and Created a Cult Classic - Film Independent
  176. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Viewpoint: Victory for 'indiewood' at the Oscars?
  177. ^ a b "Indie 80s". bam.org. Archived from the original on May 23, 2015.
  178. ^ a b c d The 25 Essential American Indie Films, 1988-2013 - Flavorwire
  179. ^ The 35th Anniversary of "The Brave Little Toaster"|Cartoon Research
  180. ^ THE BRAVE LITTLE TOASTER (1987) (***)|Animation World Network
  181. ^ Retro Sundance: 1988's "Brave Little Toaster" - The Film Experience
  182. ^ a b c d e f g An Accidental Experiment: Dirty Dancing (1987) and the convergence between Hollywood and American Independent Cinema|Goldsmiths, University of London
  183. ^ The Glorious, Good-Natured Mess of Miami Connection|Den of Geek
  184. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l The 10 Most Underrated American Independent Films of The 1990s – Taste of Cinema
  185. ^ a b c d Directing Animation - Google Books (ch.4: "Directing Animation for Indie Films)
  186. ^ a b Hairspray (1988) 30th Anniversary|Oscars.org
  187. ^ Keep it in Motion - Classic Animation Revisited: 'Ko-Ko'|Animation World Network
  188. ^ Extra terror, hold the gore: 8 truly scary PG-13 horror movies|A.V. Club
  189. ^ a b July 2022 Programming on the Criterion Channel Annonuced - CriterionCast.com
  190. ^ a b c d e f g h i 25 Great 90s Movies That Time Forgot|Collider
  191. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al History of the Sundance Film Festival (Part 4) - Sundance Guiide
  192. ^ a b c Movie Musings... Indiewood - Impact Magazine
  193. ^ a b c d e The Cinema of Wes Anderson - Bringing Nostalgia to Life - Google Books (Chapter Two - "Wes Anderson: His Position in Cinema and Culture")
  194. ^ a b c d e f g h The 15 Best Miramax Films - Film School Rejects
  195. ^ a b Why the 'King of Underrated Movies' Returned to Hollywood - Esquire
  196. ^ a b Amazon.com: Mad Eyed Misfits: Writings on Indie Animation
  197. ^ a b c Schlock & Awe: THE DRILLER KILLER - Nerdist
  198. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m How the New Queer Cinema Shaped the '90s Indie Film Boom - Yahoo Finance
  199. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l 5 Indie Films From The 90s That Are Way Underrated (& 5 That Are Overrated) - Screen Rant
  200. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q 21 Highly Underrated ‘90s Indie Movies - MovieWeb
  201. ^ Undercover Indies: The Unlikely Origin Story of 1990’s ‘Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles’ - Film Independent
  202. ^ a b 25 Years Later, Charles Burnett and Richard Brooks Reflect on Indie Classic 'To Sleep with Anger'|IndieWire
  203. ^ a b Criterion Collection: To Sleep with Anger | Blu-Ray Review - IONCINEMA.com
  204. ^ a b Queen of Diamonds - Chicago Reader
  205. ^ a b Review: 'Take Shelter' A Naturalistic, Novelistic Portrayal Of Madness & Apocalypse|IndieWire
  206. ^ The Paris Review - Robin Williams's Best Role
  207. ^ ONE FALSE MOVE 4K Review: Hold Your Breath, Never Relax - ScreenAnarchy
  208. ^ Carl Franklin Says ‘One False Move’ Early Screenings Caused ‘Mass Exodus’ - TheWrap
  209. ^ a b c Indiewood and Improvisation|Robert Altman's Soundtracks: Film, Music, and Sound from M*A*S*H to A Prairie Home Companion|Oxford Academic
  210. ^ a b c d Rural Crimewave - A Companion to American Indie Film - Wiley Online Library
  211. ^ a b c d e f g A Brief History of the Sundance Film Festival - TIME
  212. ^ a b c "The Criterion Channel's March 2024 Lineup". The Criterion Channel. Feb 14, 2024.
  213. ^ a b c d e f Indie Animation King Bill Plympton|Animation Magazine
  214. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m The Cine-Files » Parker Posey: New York Flight
  215. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s History of the Sundance Film Festival (Part 5) - Sundance Guiide
  216. ^ Undercover Indies: Why ‘Dumb and Dumber’ is Smarter (and More Indie) Than You Think - Film Independent
  217. ^ For Criterion Consideration: Boaz Yakin's Fresh - CriterionCast.com
  218. ^ a b c d Chris Gore's Ultimate Film Festival Survival Guide, 4th Edition - Google Books (pg.222)
  219. ^ a b c d e f g h Vinyl Noise and Narrative in CD-Era Indiewood - Indy Vinyl
  220. ^ a b c d e f g h i j CNN.com - Independent films move into spotlight - Aug 9, 2005
  221. ^ a b Keep it in Motion - Classic Animation Revisited: 'The Red Book'|Animation World Network
  222. ^ a b c d e Declaration Of Independents Independent Animation is Alive and Well in New York by Melissa Chimovitz - AWN.com
  223. ^ a b John Waters|Underground Film Journal
  224. ^ a b c d e f g h The 10 Most Underrated American Independent Films of The 1990s - Page 2 - Taste of Cinema
  225. ^ Keep it in Motion - Classic Animation Revisited: 'Altair'|Animation World Network
  226. ^ Nouveau guide des films - Intégrale
  227. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s US Independent Film After 1989 - Google Books
  228. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Downtown Film and TV Culture 1975-2001 - Google Books (pg.xvi)
  229. ^ a b Life During Wartime - A Companion to American Indie Film - Wiley Online Library
  230. ^ a b c d The Criterion Channel’s December 2023 Lineup|The Criterion Collection
  231. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p "BFI|Sight & Sound|Boys' Own Stories". Archived from the original on 2012-08-03. Retrieved 2022-11-11.
  232. ^ Mystery Science Theater 3000: The Movie: The Oral History|A.V. Club
  233. ^ What is indie cinema?|Movies|The Guardian
  234. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Adelaide Research & Scholarship: Postclassical Hollywood/postmodern subjectivity: representation in some 'Indie/Alternative' Indiewood films
  235. ^ The hilarious connection between The Rolling Stones and 'The Big Lebowski|Far Out Magazine
  236. ^ a b Ranking Paul Thomas Anderson's films from worst to best|Far Out Magazine
  237. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Inside Indiewood|The Nation
  238. ^ a b Indie Filmmaker's Push for 'More'|WIRED
  239. ^ a b c d e Going Mainstream - A Companion to American Indie Film - Wiley Online Library
  240. ^ John Pierson Interview On American Indies and IFC's 'Split Screen'|IndieWire
  241. ^ a b The sounds of sincerity|2|Hearing post-irony in Indiewood film|Timothy B. Cochran on Taylor & Francis eBooks, Reference Books and Collections
  242. ^ CNN - The Biggest indie film ever made: 'Phantom Menace' - May 31, 1999
  243. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w History of the Sundance Film Festival (Part 6) - Sundance Guiide
  244. ^ a b The best films of the '00s|The A.V. Club
  245. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq Best American Indies: 'Tangerine', 'Past Lives' and More|IndieWire
  246. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab Indiewood - Backstage
  247. ^ Roto-Synchresis: Relationships between Body and Voice in Rotoshop Animation - Database for Animation Studies
  248. ^ a b c d The 50 Best Indie Movies of All-Time - A Good Movie To Watch
  249. ^ a b c d e f The Best Indie Movies of All-Time - A Good Movie To Watch
  250. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u 'Major minis' blur line between mainstream and independent - Herald Tribune
  251. ^ 'Indie'|Far From Heaven|Edinbourgh Scholarship Online|Oxford Academic
  252. ^ a b 10 Great Indie Movies You May Have Missed - Page 4 - Taste of Cinema
  253. ^ a b 10 Great Indie Movies You May Have Missed - Page 5 - Taste of Cinema
  254. ^ 15 Reasons To Get Excited About The Mystery Science Theater 3000 Revival - Screen Rant
  255. ^ a b c The 50 Best Indie Movies of All-Time - A Good Movie To Watch
  256. ^ a b c The 50 Best Indie Movies of All-Time - A Good Movie To Watch
  257. ^ a b Away We Go with the Films of Sam Mendes - That Shelf
  258. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p iW BOT | The Golden Child: "Juno" Makes Fox Searchlight the 2007 Market-Share Leader, Lures Young Ad|Indiewire
  259. ^ Review: Silver City - Slant Magazine
  260. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u Hurray for Indiewood!|Salon.com
  261. ^ a b c d "Pride & Prejudice," "Capote," "Brokeback Mountain" (and more), and Why Audiences Matter|IndieWire
  262. ^ Scenes From Independent Film Week: Incentives, Acting, and Mixing At The IFP Market|IndieWire
  263. ^ Indie box office: "Juno" slammo!|Salon.com
  264. ^ a b Miranda July: The Quiet Power of Her Indie Movies - MovieWeb
  265. ^ Fusion of faith and football fails in 'Giants' - Orlando Sentinel
  266. ^ a b Christian Movies: Why Faith-Based Films Hurt Religion - Thrillist
  267. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n History of the Sundance Film Festival (Part 7) - Sundance Film Festival
  268. ^ 10 Great Inde Movies You May Have Missed - Page 3 - Taste of Cinema
  269. ^ a b c d e Former teen idol stars in religious 'Fireproof,' 2008's highest-grossing indie film - Santa Rosa Press Democrat
  270. ^ Doc Soup: The Sundance Cycle|Doc Soup|POV Blog|PBS
  271. ^ Beyond the Multiplex|Salon.com
  272. ^ a b c d 9 Essential Animated Indie Movies|IndieWire
  273. ^ Sita Sings the blues|Zippy Frames
  274. ^ a b c d e f On the Borders: Children's Horror and Indiewood Animation|Contemporary Hollywood Animation: Style, Storytelling, Culture and Ideology Since the 1990s|Oxford Academic (Pages 144–177)
  275. ^ Undercover Indies: Kathryn Bigelow’s ‘The Hurt Locker’ Blows Up Awards-Season Expectations - Film Independent
  276. ^ It's Hollywood vs. Indiewood at Sundance 2010|The Star
  277. ^ a b c d e f Will whites see a black indie film like "Middle of Nowhere"?|Salon.com
  278. ^ a b The Criterion Channel's July 2024 Lineup|Current|The Criterion Collection
  279. ^ 10 Great Indie Movies You May Have Missed - Taste of Cinema
  280. ^ a b Father Figurine: Mike Mills's "Beginners"|IndieWire
  281. ^ a b Simon Says: The Marketing of a Mass-Released LGBTQ Film - Playback
  282. ^ Indie Focus: 'The Color Wheel' finally rolls into theaters - Los Angeles Times
  283. ^ a b Focus Features Sets Indie 'Pariah' for Christmas Day Limited Release|FirstShowing.net
  284. ^ Pariah Wins Acceptance In Indie Film World - Wall Street Journal
  285. ^ The Indie Film Corner: 'Take Shelter' - The Island News
  286. ^ a b Top 50 Most-Viewed Indie Animated Shorts On Youtube|Cartoon Brew
  287. ^ Fresh Guacamole by PES: The shortest film ever nominated for an Oscar|Zippy Frames
  288. ^ It's Such a Beautiful Day review: Mind your head|Zippy Frames
  289. ^ 5 Reasons to Check Out the Indie Film 'Middle of Nowhere' - Essence
  290. ^ 'Middle of Nowhere' review: Quiet indie drama offers a look at a woman in limbo|Movies/TV|nola.com
  291. ^ a b c d History of the Sundance Film Festival (Part 8) - Sundance Film Festival
  292. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag The best A24 films to date|EW.com
  293. ^ 'Listen Up Philip' movie review: Uneven dramatic comedy gives Jason Schwartzman a role to sink his teeth into|Movies/TV|nola.com
  294. ^ LIGHTS, CAMERA, ACTION! PRODUCTION: BIOGRAPHIES|Oscars.org
  295. ^ a b Why Tangerine is the best Christmas movie that's not really about Christmas|EW.com
  296. ^ a b The best indie animation of 2015|Sight & Sound|BFI
  297. ^ a b BUFS Behind-the-Scenes – Brock University (Communication, Popular Culture and Film)
  298. ^ a b c d e 'I, Tonya', Other Awards Contenders Keep Indie Box Office Alive Against 'Star Wars'|The Wrap
  299. ^ a b Indie Focus: Outsiders abound in 'The Shape of Water', 'I, Tonya', 'Foxtrot' and 'Bombshell' - Los Angeles Times
  300. ^ a b c Stumbling Out of the Gate - Critic's Notebook
  301. ^ a b The Rider: Exclusive trailer for new western hailed best indie of the year|The Independent
  302. ^ 'Hair Love' Short Will Get North American Release In Front of 'Angry Birds 2'|Cartoon Brew
  303. ^ Indie Focus: A ballad of love and divorce in Marriage Story - Los Angeles Times
  304. ^ Cryptozoo is animated chaos for the indie-film crowd - The Globe and Mail
  305. ^ Indie Film: Fantastical creatures populate the what-if world of 'Cryptozoo' - Portland Press Herald
  306. ^ 'Cryptozoo' Film Review: My Cryptid and Other Animals|Zippy Frames
  307. ^ Over the Borderline - Critic's Notebook
  308. ^ a b c Indie Focus: On the road with Frances McDormand in ‘Nomadland’ - Los Angeles Times
  309. ^ a b Sundance 2021: Coda, One For The Road, and Censor|AV Club
  310. ^ How real-world magic graces the making of Clifton Collins Jr.’s ‘Jockey’ - Los Angeles Times
  311. ^ Indie Focus: Sitting with the anxious comedy of 'Shiva Baby' - Los Angeles Times
  312. ^ Indie Film Series: Summer of Soul - Sun Journal Events
  313. ^ Indie Prof: "The Rescue" and "Summer of Soul"|Front Porch
  314. ^ 'Everything Everywhere All at Once' Crosses $20M, Reignites Indie Cinema. - Deadline
  315. ^ a b A24's 'Everything Everywhere All at Once' Hits Box Office Milestone - Variety
  316. ^ a b Indie Film Crush, Ahead Of 'Avatar' & Year End, Puts Arthouse Woes On Back Burner – Specialty Preview - Deadline
  317. ^ a b c d e Indie Cinema Is Now Genre Cinema|Defactor
  318. ^ Sara Dosa on 'Fire Of Love': "This forced me to work and think in a completely different way"|Features|Screen Daily
  319. ^ A24 Has Another Indie Hit, As 'Marcel The Shell' Slides Into Top 10 – Specialty Box Office - Deadline
  320. ^ 'Marcel the Shell With Shoes On' Director Explains What It Took to Pull Off One of the Year's Most Charming Movies|The Wrap
  321. ^ Guillermo del Toro's 'Pinocchio' and 'Turning Red' Lead the Nominations for the 50th Annie Awards 2023 - Hollywood Insider
  322. ^ A brief, and somewhat shocking, history of adult animation|The A.V. Club
  323. ^ Know Your Indie Filmmaker: Sara Gunnarsdóttir|Cartoon Brew
  324. ^ A Look at ‘My Year of Dicks’|Animation World Network
  325. ^ a b c The Whale Crosses $10 Million at Box Office, Brendan Fraser Hit - Variety
  326. ^ "You Can't Really Plan for Getting an Oscar": A Chat with Hubbel Palmer - SLUG Magazine
  327. ^ 2023 in Film: Barbie triumphs, Marvel loses steam | The Excerpt - USA Today on YouTube
  328. ^ "War is Over": Animated Short Short Creates Timely Message of Humanity - IndieWire
  329. ^ a b c Top indie films of 2024: unveiling this year's best gems|Meer
  330. ^ a b c d e Our Film Critic on Why He's Done Wit the Movies - The New York Times
  331. ^ a b 12. Not Just Indie: A Look at Films by Dee Rees, Ava Duvernay and Kasi Lemmons - DegRuyter
  332. ^ Independent Film’s Sorry Quarter Century?|Filmmaker Magazine
  333. ^ Tyler Perry: creator of a racial stereotype or the greatest indie film-maker ever?|Comedy films|The Guardian
  334. ^ Nouveau guide des films - Intégrale
  335. ^ a b Chaos Below Canal|Independent Magazine
  336. ^ a b DGA Quarterly Magazine|Fall 2011|Women Directors and Their Films
  337. ^ MUBI Special: Silver Linings: Films by Joan Micklin Silver|MUBI
  338. ^ 8-Minute Video Boils Down the Essence of Animation Legend Ralph Bakshi - VICE
  339. ^ A celebration of Will Vinton|Just Make Animation
  340. ^ Will Vinton, Oscar winner and pioneering Portland animator, dies at 70 - oregonlive.com
  341. ^ a b c Second Edition of the Skwigly book ‘Independent Animation’ out now - Skwigly Animation Magazine
  342. ^ ICONS OF ANIMATION - THE ART OF ILLUSTRATION|Oscars.org
  343. ^ Indie Animation - WSJ
  344. ^ a b Animation Outlaws: Spike & Mike Turned Indie Shorts Into a Phenomenom|IndieWire
  345. ^ Keep it in Motion: Classic Animation Revisited – George Griffin’s 'Head'|Animation World Network
  346. ^ The Academy To Present ‘Women in Indie Animation’ September 21|Animation World Network
  347. ^ Films by Fred Mogubgub|Cartoon Brew
  348. ^ Biography: Mary Ellen Bute - Filmmaker - The Heroine Collective
  349. ^ CVM - Bute - Starr - Ideas on Film - Center for Visual Music
  350. ^ Post-Classical Hollywood: Film Industry, Style and Ideology Since 1945 - Google Books (pg.237)
  351. ^ Alex Ross Perry: 'Avengers: Endgame' Deserves Oscar for Best Picture|IndieWire
  352. ^ 'Midnight Special,' 'Fantastic Planet' and more home theater releases out this week - Los Angeles Times
  353. ^ House of Bamboo - Trailers From Hell
  354. ^ Calling all Samuel Fuller fans: You need a copy of “Forty Guns”|High-Def Watch
  355. ^ a b c Wes Anderson, tone and the quirky sensibility: New Review of Film and Television Studies Volume 10, 2012 - Issue 1: Wes Anderson and Co.
  356. ^ Sofia Coppola: A Cinema of Girlhood - Offscreen
  357. ^ Sofia Coppola Wins Best Director at 2017 Cannes|Hypebae
  358. ^ The Fiercely Independent Films Of The 80s Get A Massive Cinefamily Showcase|LAist
  359. ^ Kevin Smith claims Harvey Weinstein is keeping Dogma 'hostage' – Film Stories
  360. ^ Indie Cinema and the Neoliberal Commodification of Creative Labor - A Companion to American Indie Film - Wiley Online Library
  361. ^ 'Juno' Laid Low by Success - The New York Times

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Notes

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See also

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