The traditional Chinese calendar divides a year into 24 solar terms. Lìdōng, Rittō, Ipdong, or Lập đông (Chinese and Japanese: 立冬; pinyin: lìdōng; rōmaji: rittō; Korean: 입동; romaja: ipdong; Vietnamese: lập đông; "start of winter") is the 19th solar term. It begins when the Sun reaches the celestial longitude of 225° and ends when it reaches the longitude of 240°. It more often refers in particular to the day when the Sun is exactly at the celestial longitude of 225°. In the Gregorian calendar, it usually begins around November 7 and ends around November 22.[1]
| Lidong | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chinese name | |||||||||||||||
| Chinese | 立冬 | ||||||||||||||
| Literal meaning | start of winter | ||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||
| Vietnamese name | |||||||||||||||
| Vietnamese alphabet | lập đông | ||||||||||||||
| Chữ Hán | 立冬 | ||||||||||||||
| Korean name | |||||||||||||||
| Hangul | 입동 | ||||||||||||||
| Hanja | 立冬 | ||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||
| Japanese name | |||||||||||||||
| Kanji | 立冬 | ||||||||||||||
| Hiragana | りっとう | ||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||
| Term | Longitude | Dates |
|---|---|---|
| Lichun | 315° | 4–5 February |
| Yushui | 330° | 18–19 February |
| Jingzhe | 345° | 5–6 March |
| Chunfen | 0° | 20–21 March |
| Qingming | 15° | 4–5 April |
| Guyu | 30° | 20–21 April |
| Lixia | 45° | 5–6 May |
| Xiaoman | 60° | 21–22 May |
| Mangzhong | 75° | 5–6 June |
| Xiazhi | 90° | 21–22 June |
| Xiaoshu | 105° | 7–8 July |
| Dashu | 120° | 22–23 July |
| Liqiu | 135° | 7–8 August |
| Chushu | 150° | 23–24 August |
| Bailu | 165° | 7–8 September |
| Qiufen | 180° | 23–24 September |
| Hanlu | 195° | 8–9 October |
| Shuangjiang | 210° | 23–24 October |
| Lidong | 225° | 7–8 November |
| Xiaoxue | 240° | 22–23 November |
| Daxue | 255° | 7–8 December |
| Dongzhi | 270° | 21–22 December |
| Xiaohan | 285° | 5–6 January |
| Dahan | 300° | 20–21 January |
Lidong signifies the beginning of winter in East Asian cultures.[2]
Pentads edit
- 水始冰, 'Water begins to freeze' – the initial stages of water bodies freezing over.
- 地始凍, 'The earth begins to harden'
- 雉入大水為蜃, 'Pheasants enter the water for clams'
Date and time edit
This section needs to be updated. (November 2020) |
| year | begin | end |
|---|---|---|
| 辛巳 | 2001-11-07 08:36 | 2001-11-22 06:00 |
| 壬午 | 2002-11-07 14:21 | 2002-11-22 11:53 |
| 癸未 | 2003-11-07 20:13 | 2003-11-22 17:43 |
| 甲申 | 2004-11-07 01:58 | 2004-11-21 23:21 |
| 乙酉 | 2005-11-07 07:42 | 2005-11-22 05:14 |
| 丙戌 | 2006-11-07 13:34 | 2006-11-22 11:01 |
| 丁亥 | 2007-11-07 19:24 | 2007-11-22 16:49 |
| 戊子 | 2008-11-07 01:10 | 2008-11-21 22:44 |
| 己丑 | 2009-11-07 06:56 | 2009-11-22 04:22 |
| 庚寅 | 2010-11-07 12:42 | 2010-11-22 10:14 |
| 辛卯 | 2011-11-07 18:34 | 2011-11-22 16:07 |
| 壬辰 | 2012-11-07 00:25 | 2012-11-21 21:50 |
| 癸巳 | 2013-11-07 06:13 | 2013-11-22 03:48 |
| 甲午 | 2014-11-07 12:06 | 2014-11-22 09:38 |
| 乙未 | 2015-11-07 18:00 | 2015-11-22 15:26 |
| 丙申 | 2016-11-06 23:47 | 2016-11-21 21:23 |
| 丁酉 | 2017-11-07 05:34 | 2017-11-22 03:02 |
| 戊戌 | 2018-11-07 11:30 | 2018-11-22 08:59 |
| 己亥 | 2019-11-07 17:25 | 2019-11-22 14:59 |
| 庚子 | 2020-11-06 23:13 | 2020-11-21 20:40 |
| Source: JPL Horizons On-Line Ephemeris System | ||
References edit
- ^ Guo, Rongxing (February 6, 2017). An Economic Inquiry into the Nonlinear Behaviors of Nations: Dynamic Developments and the Origins of Civilizations. Springer. pp. 160–161. ISBN 978-3-319-48772-4.
- ^ Martzloff, Jean-Claude (September 1, 2016). Astronomy and Calendars – The Other Chinese Mathematics: 104 BC - AD 1644. Springer. p. 64. ISBN 978-3-662-49718-0.