Lessonia corrugata is a species of kelp, a brown algae in the genus Lessonia, commonly known as strapweed, common crapweed[citation needed], or Tasmanian kombu. It is a subtidal species endemic to Tasmania and southern Victoria, Australia, and is the least studied of the only three Laminarian kelps in the region.[1] The species was first described by Arthur Henry Shakespeare Lucas in 1931,[2] and is most closely related to the New Zealand species Lessonia variegata.[3]
| Lessonia corrugata | |
|---|---|
| |
| Lessonia corrugata | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Clade: | Diaphoretickes |
| Clade: | SAR |
| Clade: | Stramenopiles |
| Phylum: | Gyrista |
| Subphylum: | Ochrophytina |
| Class: | Phaeophyceae |
| Order: | Laminariales |
| Family: | Lessoniaceae |
| Genus: | Lessonia |
| Species: | L. corrugata
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| Binomial name | |
| Lessonia corrugata Lucas, 1931
| |
Lessonia corrugata is a dominant species in some Tasmanian kelp forests,[4] but remains poorly studied. It is currently being developed for use in aquaculture, to produce food, feed, kelp biomass, and for environmental remediation purposes in IMTA finfish farms.[1][5] However, it has also been identified as highly vulnerable to ocean warming.[6][5]
Description edit
Lessonia corrugata is a large, brown macroalgae that averages 1.5 m (0.5 ft) in length.[3][7][4] It is characterised by distinct longitudinal corrugations on its blades that give the kelp its name. These blades arise from the holdfast via basal splitting and become long and linear as they grow.[3] The blades lack pneumatocysts, meaning that the kelp is negatively buoyant and displays a prostrate growth form, lying flat across the substrate.[4]
Like all Laminarian kelps, the life cycle of L. corrugata is a heteromorphic alteration of generations between microscopic gametophyte and macroscopic sporophyte life stages.[5] L. corrugata reproduces from linear sori of sporangia and paraphyses located within the concavities of the corrugations on the blades.[3]
Ecology edit
Lessonia corrugata grows in areas of moderate to strong water movement.[4][8] It is typically found at depths of 1-4 m, but has been recorded as deep as 18-20 m at some sites.[8][9][10] It generally occurs in shallower and more exposed locations than other dominant canopy-forming seaweed species in the region, namely Ecklonia radiata and Phyllospora comosa.[8][4]
L. corrugata is restricted to a narrow temperature range, making it particularly sensitive to threats such as rising sea surface temperatures. Juveniles have a thermal optimum of ~16˚C, and an upper thermal limit of 23˚C.[6] Likewise, the optimal temperature range for growth and sexual development of L. corrugata gametophytes is narrow, between 15.7 and 17.9˚C.[5] Coupled with its small geographic range, this thermal sensitivity may impact the recruitment and long-term survival of L. corrugata, with peak summer sea surface temperatures projected to regularly exceed L. corrugata's thermal limit by 2050.[6]
Aquaculture edit
Lessonia corrugata is currently being developed as a potential species for aquaculture production, but knowledge gaps remain about the fundamental biology and cultivation needs of the species.[1][5] Nonetheless, improvements are being made, with novel cultivation techniques that use increased water motion in the nursery potentially improving juvenile sporophyte growth and also increasing biomass production at sea.[11] Likewise, trials have found spring to be the best season for out-planting L. corrugata, and that growth is best at a depth of 3-5 m.[11] Nonetheless, the vulnerability of L. corrugata to ocean warming may ultimately limit its viability for seaweed farming.[1]
See also edit
References edit
- ^ a b c d Visch, W.; Layton, C.; Hurd, C.L.; Macleod, C.; Wright, J.T. (2023). "A strategic review and research roadmap for offshore seaweed aquaculture—A case study from southern Australia". Reviews in Aquaculture. 15 (4): 1467–1479. doi:10.1111/raq.12788. S2CID 256221026.
- ^ Lucas, A.H.S. (1931). "Notes on Australian marine algae. VI. Descriptions of six new species". Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales. 56: 407–411.
- ^ a b c d "Lessonia corrugata, State Herbarium of South Australia". Government of South Australia. Retrieved 2022-07-19.
- ^ a b c d e Layton, C.; Coleman, M.A.; Marzinelli, E.M.; Steinberg, P.D.; Swearer, S.E.; Verges, A.; Wernberg, T.; Johnson, C.R. (2020). "Kelp Forest Restoration in Australia". Frontiers in Marine Science. 7. doi:10.3389/fmars.2020.00074. hdl:10356/145489.
- ^ a b c d e Paine, E. R.; Schmid, M.; Gaitán-Espitia, J.D.; Castle, J.; Jameson, I.; Sanderson, J.C.; Hurd, C.L. (2021). "Narrow range of temperature and irradiance supports optimal development of Lessonia corrugata (Ochrophyta) gametophytes: implications for kelp aquaculture and responses to climate change". Journal of Applied Phycology. 33 (3): 1721–1730. doi:10.1007/s10811-021-02382-7. S2CID 234054464.
- ^ a b c James, C.; Layton, C.; Hurd, C.L.; Britton, D. (2024). "The endemic kelp Lessonia corrugata is being pushed above its thermal limits in an ocean warming hotspot". Journal of Phycology. doi:10.1111/jpy.13434.
- ^ Huisman, John M. (2000). Marine Plants of Australia. Nedlands, WA: University of Western Australia Press.
- ^ a b c Edgar, G.J. (1984). "General features of the ecology and biogeography of Tasmanian subtidal rocky shore communities". Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania. 118: 173–186. doi:10.26749/rstpp.118.173.
- ^ Edgar, Graham J. (2008). Australian Marine Life: The plants and animals of temperate waters (Second ed.). Sydney: New Holland. ISBN 9781921517174.
- ^ Scott, Fiona J. (2017). Marine plants of Tasmania. Hobart: Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery.
- ^ a b Nardelli, A.E.; Visch, W.; Farrington, G.; Sanderson, J.C.; Bellgrove, A.; Wright, J.T.; MacLeod, C.; Hurd, C.L. (2023). "A new nursery approach enhances at-sea performance in the kelp Lessonia corrugata". Journal of Applied Phycology. doi:10.1007/s10811-023-03061-5.
Media related to Lessonia corrugata at Wikimedia Commons
Data related to Lessonia corrugata at Wikispecies
