Leptoxis carinata, common name the crested mudalia, is a species of freshwater snail with an operculum, an aquatic gastropod mollusc in the family Pleuroceridae.
| Crested Mudalia | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Caenogastropoda |
| Family: | Pleuroceridae |
| Genus: | Leptoxis |
| Species: | L. carinata
|
| Binomial name | |
| Leptoxis carinata (Bruguière, 1792)
| |
| Synonyms[3] | |
|
Anculosa carinata | |
Shell description edit
Leptoxis carinata has a strong globose shell, with highly variable sculpture. In various creeks and rivers throughout its range, populations may be found with spiral cords, a single carina or keel, variously developed, or lacking sculpture.
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Distribution edit
This species occurs in unpolluted large creeks and high-gradient rivers in the Atlantic drainages of the United States, from New York to North Carolina.[4][2]
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Ecology edit
Habitat edit
Leptoxis carinata is found in high-gradient streams, generally in the faster flowing riffles and drops, where it clings firmly to large stones and bedrock exposures.
Life cycle edit
Leptoxis carinata is semelparous biennial.[5]
This species, unlike softer shelled physid snails, grows very slowly, and has the lowest intrinsic rate of increase (this means that populations grow very slowly), along with Elimia virginica, in this environment.[6]
References edit
- ^ Cordeiro, J. & Perez, K. (2011). "Leptoxis carinata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2011: e.T189287A8711524. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2011-2.RLTS.T189287A8711524.en. Retrieved 28 October 2023.
- ^ a b "Leptoxis carinata". NatureServe Explorer An online encyclopedia of life. 7.1. NatureServe. Retrieved 28 October 2023.
- ^ Dillon R. (ed.). Leptoxis carinata Archived 7 November 2008 at the Wayback Machine, Freshwater Gastropods of North America, accessed 30 October 2008.
- ^ Burch, (1982) Freshwater Snails (Mollusca: Gastropoda) of North America. United States Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio
- ^ David W. Aldridge. 1982. Reproductive Tactics in Relation to Life-Cycle Bioenergetics in Three Natural populations of the Freshwater Snail, Leptoxis Carinata. Ecology: Vol. 63, No. 1, pp. 196–208.
- ^ Hamilton, S. 1980. Reproduction or shell armor – a trade off in freshwater gastropods. The Bulletin of the American Malacological Union, Inc. 46:71.
Further reading edit
- Stewart T. W. & Garcia J. E. (2002). "Environmental Factors Causing Local Variation in Density and Biomass of the Snail Leptoxis carinata, in Fishpond Creek, Virginia". American Midland Naturalist 148(1) 172–180. JSTOR.
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