Konstantin Erastov (1939–1996) was a Soviet intellectual, linguist and translator primarily known for his Moscow salon, a center for dissident life and independent arts.
Konstantin Erastov | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | 8 February 1939 Moscow, USSR |
| Died | 15 January 1996 (aged 56) New York City, US |
| Nationality | Soviet, American |
| Occupation | translator |
Early life
editErastov's mother, Zinaida Zhitomirskaya, was a native of Dnipro, Ukraine, and a member of the Zhitomirsky family, a Jewish "dynasty of academics" from Taganrog. She named her son after her grandfather Konstantin Israel Zhitomirsky, a Yiddish scholar and pedagogue. Konstantin Erastov's father, Oleg Erastov, was a lecturer at the Moscow Planetarium.[1][2][3]
Konstantin was born in Moscow but spent his childhood in Dushanbe, Tajikistan, where his grandfather Viktor Zhitomirsky worked as an epidemiologist. After returning to Moscow, he studied linguistics. In 1960, he joined the USSR's first machine translation lab at Moscow State Linguistic University as a researcher. He wrote several papers on early methods of machine translation and translated a number of works by Joseph Greenberg and other Western linguists for the Soviet journal The New in Foreign Linguistics.[4][5]
The Erastovs' house in Moscow
editIn the 1960s and 1970s, Konstantin Erastov, his first wife Tatiana Tankhilevich and their seven children lived in a historic building on Bolshoy Gnezdnikovsky Lane in downtown Moscow. Their house was an important gathering point for Soviet dissidents and independent artists of their generation. The Erastovs' house has been featured in several tourist guides and local history books as an unusually late example of salon culture which was largely wiped out by the Bolsheviks.[6][7]
A detailed description of the Erastovs' house and its notable frequenters such as the Soviet human rights activist and political prisoner Victor Krasin was written by the Russian linguist Georgy Lesskis.[8]
In 1960, Gennadiy Aygi, another frequent guest of the Erastovs' house, dedicated his poem House of Friends to Konstantin Erastov and his wife Tatiana.[9]
In 2010, Moscow-based XL gallery hosted an exhibition by Igor Makarevich featuring photos of and objects from the Erastovs' salon with a special focus on the emigration of the Erastov family to the United States in 1978.[10][11]
Family
editKonstantin Erastov was married three times. He had 7 children with his first wife Tatiana Tankhilevich (née Milman), one son with his second wife Elena Baranovskaya and one daughter with his third wife Nina Perlin. When he received permission to emigrate from the Soviet Union in 1978, he offered the opportunity to leave the country with him to all of his children and ex-wives. Tankhilevich and her children agreed and went to France. Perlin moved to the US with Erastov and their daughter. Baranovskaya and her son stayed in the USSR.[2]
Erastov's children include Elisha Alterman, a rabbi in Israel, and Andrei Erastov, a Russian Orthodox priest in Australia.[2]
References
edit- ^ "Житомирские. Семья таганрогских ученых [Zhitomirsky. A family of researchers from Taganrog]". Таганрогская Правда (in Russian). 2021-04-08.
- ^ a b c Файн, Виктор; Вершинин, Сергей (2013). Таганрогские Сабсовичи и их потомки. Опыт генеалогического исследования [The Sabsovich family of Taganrog. A genealogical study] (in Russian). Москва: Триумф.
- ^ "Московский планетарий в годы Великой Отечественной войны". Московский планетарий.
- ^ "Machine Translation: History". A.S. Pushkin Brest State University.
- ^ Успенский, В. А. "Серебряный век структурной, прикладной и математической лингвистики в СССР и В. Ю. Розенцвейг. Как это начиналось (заметки очевидца)". History of Computing.
- ^ "Аудиопрогулка "Большая квартирная. По московским салонам XIX–XX веков вдоль Тверской улицы" [A walk through the Moscow salons of the 19th and 20th centuries along Tverskaya Street. An audio tour]". MosKultProg (in Russian). 2021-07-22.
- ^ The Garage Museum of Contemporary Art (2021). "Дом Эрастовых в Гнездниковском [The Erastovs' house on Gnezdnikovsky Lane]". Soundcloud (in Russian).
- ^ Lesskis, G. "Воспоминания об Эрастовых [Memories of the Erastov family]". Yakov Krotov.
- ^ Айги, Г. (2020). Провинция живых. Санкт-Петербург: Пальмира.
- ^ Makarevich, Igor (2010). "Дом Эрастовых [The Erastovs' House]". XL Gallery.
- ^ Neumeyer, Joy (2010-11-17). "Memories of Soviet Emigres, Dissidents Go on Show". The Moscow Times.