The Ketmen Ridge is a mountain range located in southern Kazakhstan, close to the borders of China and Kyrgyzstan. The ridge is within the territory of the China and Raiymbek districts of the Almaty region. It is located to the east of the Zailiisky Alatau, in the northern Tien Shan mountain range. The total length of the ridge is 310 km (190 mi) and its width is up to 50 km (31 mi).[1] The Ketmen Ridge runs from the Kyungei-Ala-Too Ridge in the west to the Narat Ridge in the east and its northern slopes pass into the Ili Valley. It forms the southern border of the ‘Semirechiya’ (‘Seven Rivers’) region, which surrounds Almaty. The altitude ranges from 3,000 to 3,600 m, with the highest point being Mount Aspan at 3,652 m (11,982 ft).[2]
| Ketmen Ridge | |
|---|---|
| Highest point | |
| Elevation | 3,652 m (11,982 ft) |
| Geography | |
| Location | Uygur and Rayimbek districts, Almaty region, Republic of Kazakhstan |
The ridge is composed of igneous and sedimentary rocks such as granite and limestone. The slopes are steep with gentle peaks below the snow line. The ridge has a permafrost zone but does not have glaciation or snowfields.[1] It contains steppe and taiga forests which consist mainly of spruce trees and meadows in high-altitude zones. At the foot of the southern slope of the ridge, steppe bison remains have been found.[3]
The eponymous Ketmen Pass is located at an altitude of 3,040 m (9,970 ft) above sea level in the eastern part of the mountain range. A caravan trail from the Ili Valley to the Kegen-Tekes Hollow runs through the pass, which connects the northern slope in the Ketmen Gorge and southern slope of the ridge of the Shalkudysu river valley.
Flora and Fauna edit
The Ketmen Ridge includes 1,890 species of mountainous flora. The vegetation in this area consists primarily of vascular plants such as angiosperms, dicots, and monocots.[4] Eighty-four species from 11 genera of rust fungi were found.[1] The most abundant genera found were 48 species of Puccinia, and 12 species of Uromyces.
References edit
- ^ a b c Rakhimova, Y.V. (2017). "Checklist of rust fungi from Ketmen ridge (southeast of Kazakhstan)" (PDF). Plant Pathology & Quarantine. 7 (2): 110–135. doi:10.5943/ppq/7/2/4.
- ^ "Ketmen Ridge Ski Touring".
- ^ Institut Archeologii (Moskau) (2012). Kratkie soobščenija Instituta Archeologii 227. Vol. 227. Moskva [u.a.]: Nauka. ISBN 978-5-9551-0634-2. OCLC 1073615528.
- ^ Sadyrova, Gulbanu; Sadyrov, Gani; Zhamilova, Saule; Jusupbekova, Nursulu; Baizhygitov, Duman; Dauletbaeva, Marzhan; Urymbayeva, Aigul (2020-05-01). "Comparative Analysis of the Flora of the Ketpen-Temerlik in Kazakhstan and China (Northern Tian Shan)". Journal of Ecological Engineering. 21 (4): 70–81. doi:10.12911/22998993/119803. ISSN 2299-8993.
Further Reading
- Казахстан. Общегеографическая карта / Т. П. Филатова (ред.). — Роскартография. — Омск: Омская картографическая фабрика, 2011. — ISBN 978-5-9523-0332-4
- Кетпенский хребет // Казахстан. Национальная энциклопедия. — Алматы: Қазақ энциклопедиясы, 2005. — Т. III. — ISBN 9965-9746-4-0.
- Краткие сообщения Института археологии / Гл. ред. Н. А. Макаров. — М. : Языки славянской культуры, 2012. — Вып. 227. — С. 191, 193. — ISBN 978-5-9551-0634-2.