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It has been suggested that portions of this article be split out into another article titled Tukita language. (Discuss) (August 2024) |
Karata (кӏкӏирлӏи) is an Andic language of the Northeast Caucasian language family spoken in southern Dagestan, Russia by 260 Karata in 2010. There are ten towns in which the language is traditionally spoken: Karata, Anchix, Tukita, Rachabalda, Lower Inxelo, Mashtada, Archo, Chabakovo, Racitl, and formerly Siux.[2] Speakers use Avar as their literary language.[3]
| Karata | |
|---|---|
| К̄ӀирлӀе мац̄Ӏи | |
| Native to | North Caucasus |
| Region | Southern Dagestan |
| Ethnicity | Karata |
Native speakers | 9549 (2020 census)[1] |
Northeast Caucasian
| |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | kpt |
| Glottolog | kara1474 |
| ELP | Karata |
Dialects
editThe language has two dialects, Karatin and Tokitin, which slightly differ in phonetics and morphology but are mutually intelligible.[4] Tukita is sometimes considered a separate language.[5] There are also four subdialects; Anchikh, Archi, Ratsitl and Rachabalda.[4]
Phonology
editConsonants
edit| Labial | Dental | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Pharyn- geal |
Glottal | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| central | lateral | ||||||||||||||
| lenis | fortis | lenis | fortis | lenis | fortis | lenis | fortis | lenis | fortis | ||||||
| Nasal | m | n | |||||||||||||
| Plosive | voiced | b | d | ɡ | |||||||||||
| voiceless | p | t | k | ʔ | |||||||||||
| ejective | (pʼ) | tʼ | kʼ | ||||||||||||
| Affricate | voiced | (d͡ʒ) | |||||||||||||
| voiceless | t͡s | t͡sː | t͡ʃ | t͡ʃː | t͡ɬː | k͡xː | q͡χː | ||||||||
| ejective | t͡sʼ | t͡sːʼ | t͡ʃʼ | t͡ʃːʼ | t͡ɬʼ | t͡ɬːʼ | k͡xːʼ | q͡χːʼ | |||||||
| Fricative | voiceless | s | sː | ʃ | ʃː | ɬ | ɬː | ç | x | xː | ʜ | h | |||
| voiced | v | z | ʒ | ɣ | ʢ | ||||||||||
| Trill | r | ||||||||||||||
| Approximant | l | j | |||||||||||||
- The glottal stop transcribed here is named rather ambiguously a "glottalic laryngeal" by the source.
Vowels
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References
edit- ^ Том 5. «Национальный состав и владение языками». Таблица 7. Население наиболее многочисленных национальностей по родному языку
- ^ Nichols, Johanna (2006). "Review: Karatinsko-russkij slovar' [Karata-Russian Dictionary]". Anthropological Linguistics. 48 (1): 95–98. ISSN 0003-5483.
- ^ Lewis, M. Paul; Gary F. Simons; Charles D. Fennig, eds. (2015). Ethnologue: Languages of the World (18th ed.). Dallas, Texas: SIL International.
- ^ a b "The Karatas". www.eki.ee. The Red Book of the Peoples of the Russian Empire. Retrieved 2021-06-07.
- ^ Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger (Report) (3rd ed.). UNESCO. 2010. p. 42.
- ^ Consonant Systems of the North-East Caucasian Languages on TITUS DIDACTICA