Kangirsuk (in Inuktitut: ᑲᖏᕐᓱᖅ/Kangirsuq, meaning "the bay") is an Inuit village in northern Nunavik, Quebec, Canada. It is 230 kilometres (140 mi) north of Kuujjuaq, between Aupaluk and Quaqtaq. The community is only accessible by air (Kangirsuk Airport) and, in late summer, by boat. The village used to be known also as Payne Bay and Bellin.[4]
Kangirsuk
ᑲᖏᕐᓱᖅ | |
|---|---|
 | |
  Kangirsuk  Kangirsuk | |
| Coordinates (101, chemin Kuuvviliariaq[1]): 60°01′N 70°02′W / 60.017°N 70.033°W[2] | |
| Country | Canada |
| Province | Quebec |
| Region | Nord-du-Québec |
| TE | Kativik |
| Established | 1921 (trading post) |
| Constituted | January 17, 1981 |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Noah Eetook |
| • Federal riding | Abitibi—Baie-James—Nunavik—Eeyou |
| • Prov. riding | Ungava |
| Area | |
• Total | 59.70 km2 (23.05 sq mi) |
| • Land | 57.15 km2 (22.07 sq mi) |
| Population (2021)[3] | |
• Total | 561 |
| • Density | 9.8/km2 (25/sq mi) |
| • Change (2016–21) |  1.1% |
| • Dwellings | 197 |
| Time zone | UTC−05:00 (EST) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC−04:00 (EDT) |
| Postal code(s) | |
| Area code | 819 |
| Website | www |
Geography
editKangirsuk is located above the tree line near the mouth of the Arnaud River on the north shore of Payne Bay, 13 km (8.1 mi) inland from the western coast of Ungava Bay. A rocky cliff to the north and a large, rocky hill to the west partially surround the village.[5]
Climate
editKangirsuk has a tundra climate (ET), characterized by long, cold winters and short, but cool and rainy summers with chilly nights.
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −18.5 (−1.3) |
−18.6 (−1.5) |
−13.9 (7.0) |
−6.1 (21.0) |
1.5 (34.7) |
7.3 (45.1) |
12.1 (53.8) |
11.5 (52.7) |
7.2 (45.0) |
1.2 (34.2) |
−4.5 (23.9) |
−12.7 (9.1) |
−2.8 (27.0) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −26.4 (−15.5) |
−26.7 (−16.1) |
−22.0 (−7.6) |
−14.2 (6.4) |
−4.8 (23.4) |
0.2 (32.4) |
3.4 (38.1) |
3.6 (38.5) |
0.8 (33.4) |
−3.9 (25.0) |
−10.8 (12.6) |
−20.0 (−4.0) |
−10.1 (13.9) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 21 (0.8) |
19 (0.7) |
19 (0.7) |
17 (0.7) |
22 (0.9) |
39 (1.5) |
47 (1.9) |
57 (2.2) |
43 (1.7) |
37 (1.5) |
34 (1.3) |
25 (1.0) |
380 (14.9) |
| [citation needed] | |||||||||||||
History
edit
In the 11th century the area was possibly visited by Vikings. Not far from the village on Pamiok Island, Thomas E. Lee, an archaeologist from Université Laval, discovered a stone foundation of what he identified at the time to be a Viking long house.[4][5] More recent archaeological investigations have identified the site as being part of the Dorset culture.[6] Another archeological site, Hammer of Thor, is located on north shores of Payne River about 25 km (16 mi) west of the village.
Inuit have hunted and fished along the Ungava Bay coast for centuries. Permanent European settlement did not occur until 1921 when the Revillon Frères company set up a trading post here,[5] named Payne River (now the Arnaud River) in memory of Frank F. Payne, who explored the region during the winter of 1885–1886.[7] Four years later, the competing Hudson's Bay Company also set up a post.[5] The Inuit remained nomadic however and only visited the site as a summer encampment because of the abundance of game.[7]
In 1945, the location was known as Payne Bay. In 1959, the federal day school was founded. From then on permanent settlement by Inuit finally began. In 1961, the federal government provided healthcare facilities, housing, and social services.[5] That same year, the Quebec Government decided to give French names to places of the northern Quebec coast and changed the name of the post to Francis-Babel, in honour of Louis-François Babel (1826-1912). But this name did not take root, and was replaced a year later with Bellin, named after Jacques-Nicolas Bellin (1703-1772). It was subsequently known as Bellin (Payne) until 1980. That year, the name was changed to Kangiqsuk when the village was incorporated as a Northern Village Municipality (French: municipalité de village nordique). Local authorities disagreed with this transliteration, and in 1982 it was corrected to Kangirsuk.[7]
Since 1996, the police services in Kangirsuk are provided by the Kativik Regional Police Force.[8]
The community is depicted in the 2019 short film Throat Singing in Kangirsuk (Katatjatuuk Kangirsumi).[9]
Demographics
editIn the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Kangirsuk had a population of 561 living in 170 of its 197 total private dwellings, a change of -1.1% from its 2016 population of 567. With a land area of 57.15 km2 (22.07 sq mi), it had a population density of 9.8/km2 (25.4/sq mi) in 2021.[10]
Population trend:[11]
- Population in 2021: 561 (2016 to 2021 population change: -1.1%)
- Population in 2016: 567
- Population in 2011: 549
- Population in 2006: 466
- Population in 2001: 436
- Population in 1996: 394
- Population in 1991: 351
Education
editThe Kativik School Board operates the Sautjuit School.[12]
Flora and fauna
editPayne Bay and the Arnaud River are renowned for its excellent mussel harvesting. Numerous nearby lakes and rivers provide an abundance of Arctic char and lake trout.
On the islands of Kyak Bay and Virgin Lake located to the east and north-east of Kangirsuk, respectively, important colonies of eider ducks nest every year.[5]
References
edit- ^ a b c "Répertoire des municipalités: Geographic code 99110". www.mamh.gouv.qc.ca (in French). Ministère des Affaires municipales et de l'Habitation.
- ^ "Banque de noms de lieux du Québec: Reference number 137700". toponymie.gouv.qc.ca (in French). Commission de toponymie du Québec.
- ^ a b "Data table, Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population - Kangirsuk, Village nordique (VN) [Census subdivision], Quebec". 9 February 2022.
- ^ a b Lee, Thomas E. (1971). Archaeological investigations of a longhouse, Pamiok Island, Ungava, 1970. Centre d'études nordiques de l'Université Laval. ISBN 0-889284-00-8.
- ^ a b c d e f "Kangirsuk". Nunavik Tourism Association. Archived from the original on 2019-02-13. Retrieved 2008-12-29.
- ^ Gendron, Daniel (2016). "La présence " viking " au Nunavik: Beaucoup de bruit pour rien!". Études/Inuit/Studies. 39 (2): 295–303. doi:10.7202/1038152ar.
- ^ a b c "Kangirsuk (Municipalité de village nordique)". Commission de toponymie du Québec (in French). Retrieved 2008-12-29.
- ^ KRPF. "General Information". Home. Archived from the original on 2017-08-27. Retrieved 2017-07-03.
- ^ T'cha Dunlevy, "Dunlevy: Throat-singing Nunavik teens are stars of Sundance". Montreal Gazette, January 31, 2019.
- ^ "Population and dwelling counts: Canada, provinces and territories, and census subdivisions (municipalities), Quebec". Statistics Canada. February 9, 2022. Retrieved August 28, 2022.
- ^ Statistics Canada: 1996, 2001, 2006, 2011, 2016, 2021 census
- ^ "Our Schools Archived 2017-09-15 at the Wayback Machine." Kativik School Board. Retrieved on September 23, 2017.
External links
edit
- Northern Village of Kangirsuk Archived 2016-11-05 at the Wayback Machine