Kalophrynus intermedius is a species of frog in the family Microhylidae.[1][3][4][5] It is endemic to Borneo and is found in Brunei, south-central Sarawak (Malaysia), and Kalimantan (Indonesia).[1][3] Common names intermediate sticky frog,[1][3][5] Sarawak grainy frog,[3] and Mengiong sticky frog have been proposed for it.[3][4]
| Kalophrynus intermedius | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Amphibia |
| Order: | Anura |
| Family: | Microhylidae |
| Genus: | Kalophrynus |
| Species: | K. intermedius
|
| Binomial name | |
| Kalophrynus intermedius | |
Description edit
Adult females measure 38–41 mm (1.5–1.6 in) in snout–vent length;[2][4] males reach smaller sizes than females.[5] The overall appearance is stocky with short limbs. The snout is obtuse.[2] The tympanum is distinct. Fingers have no webbing whereas the toes are about two-thirds webbed.[2][4] The dorsum is dark brown and the flanks are lighter in color. The face and chest are orange, with this coloration sometimes extending to the flanks. The throat has two longitudinal bands. An elongate gland is located above and behind the ear, dissolving into a series of warts that separate the dorsum from the flanks. The finger and toe tips are orange.[5]
When disturbed, these frogs secrete a sticky, white substance from their skin.[5]
Habitat and conservation edit
Kalophrynus intermedius lives in leaf-litter on the floor of closed-canopy forests at elevations of 150–300 m (490–980 ft) above sea level. Breeding probably takes place in small rain pools.[1]
It is a widespread but rarely encountered species. It does not tolerate habitat disturbance and is therefore threatened by clear-cutting of lowland tropical rainforests for logging and palm oil plantations. It is, however, present in several protected areas.[1]
References edit
- ^ a b c d e f IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group (2020). "Kalophrynus intermedius". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T57838A176515890. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T57838A176515890.en. Retrieved 16 November 2021.
- ^ a b c d Inger, R.F. (1966). "The systematics and zoogeography of the amphibia of Borneo". Fieldiana Zoology. 52: 1–402. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.3147.
- ^ a b c d e f Frost, Darrel R. (2020). "Kalophrynus intermedius Inger, 1966". Amphibian Species of the World: An Online Reference. Version 6.1. American Museum of Natural History. doi:10.5531/db.vz.0001. Retrieved 20 July 2020.
- ^ a b c d Zug, George R. (2015). "Morphology and systematics of Kalophrynus interlineatus–pleurostigma populations (Anura: Microhylidae: Kalophryninae) and a taxonomy of the genus Kalophrynus Tschudi, Asian sticky frogs". Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences. Series 4. 62 (5): 135–190.
- ^ a b c d e Haas, A.; Das, I. & Hertwig, S.T. (2020). "Kalophrynus intermedius (Intermediate Sticky Frog)". Frogs of Borneo – The frogs of East Malaysia and their larval forms. Retrieved 20 July 2020.