Julius Büdel (8 August 1903 – 28 August 1983) was a German geomorphologist noted for his work on the influence of climate in shaping landscapes and landforms.[1] In his work Büdel stressed the importance of inherited landforms in present-day landscapes and argued that many landforms are the result of a combination of processes, and not of a single process.[2] Büdel estimated that 95% of mid-latitude landforms are relict.[3][2] Büdel studied both cold-climate processes in Svalbard and "tropical" weathering processes in India to understand the origin of the relief of Central Europe, which he argued was a palimpsest of landforms formed at different times and under different climates.[2] For Central Europe Büdel concluded that in Late Cretaceous to Early Pliocene times etchplains formed. Then in Late Pliocene to Early Pleistocene times a transition period occurred in landscape forming processes. Finally in the Late Pleistocene periglaciation and deep permafrost made Central Europe a place of "excessive valley cutting". Holocene developments would not have affected much of the landscape other than adding a deep soil cover.[4]
Julius Büdel | |
|---|---|
| Born | 8 August 1903 |
| Died | 28 August 1983 (aged 80) |
| Nationality | German |
| Citizenship | Germany, West Germany |
| Alma mater | University of Vienna |
| Known for | Morphogenetic zones Relief generations |
| Awards | Albrecht-Penck-Medaille (1968) Victoria Medal (1981) |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | Climatic geomorphology |
| Institutions | University of Würzburg |
Through his life Büdel published three influential morphoclimatic zoning schemes. The first, in 1948, was followed by another in 1963, and a final version in 1977.[5] Büdel's schemes emphasise planation and valley-cutting in relation to climate, arguing that valley-cutting is dominant in subpolar regions while planation is so in the tropics.[3]
Much of Büdel's 1977 book Klima-geomorphologie was considered outdated as of 2006. However its pioneering approaches make it a classic in geomorphological literature.[2]
The Büdel Islands in Antarctica were named after him.[6]
| German name[7] | English translation[3] | Latitude[3] | Example[3] |
|---|---|---|---|
| Glacial zone (and immediately adjacent area) | 90–65° N 60–90° S |
Greenland, Antarctica | |
| Die subpolare Zone exzessiver Talbildung | Subpolar zone of excessive valley cutting | 80–60° N | Canadian Arctic, Taymyr Peninsula |
| Taiga valley cutting zone, in the permafrost region | 70–50° N | Russian Far East | |
| Ektropische Zone retardierter Talbildung | Ectropic zone of retarded valley cutting | 60–35° N 35–55° S |
Most of Europe, Patagonia, Eurasian Steppe |
| Subtropic zone of mixed relief development, etesian region | 40–30° N 30–35° S |
Morocco, Syria, Central Chile. | |
| Subtropic zone of mixed relief development, monsoonal region | 45–25° N 20–40° S |
Uruguay, Eastern Cape, South Korea | |
| Die randtropische Zone exzessiver Flächenbildung | Peritropical zone of excessive planation | 30° N–30° S | Venezuela, Angola, Mozambique, Vietnam |
| Die innertropische Zone partieller Flächenbildung | Inter-tropical zone of partial planation | 20° N–10° S | Panama, Gabon, Sumatra |
| Warme Trockenzone der Flächenerhaltung und traditionalen Weiterbildung (vorweg durch Sandschwemmebenen) | Warm arid zone of surface preservation and traditionally continued development, largely through fluvio-aeolian sandplains | 35–10° N 5–30° S |
Atacama, Sahara, Thar, Australian Outback |
| Winterharte Trockenzone der Flächenüberprägung (Transformation) vorweg durch Pedimenteund Glacis | Winter cold arid zone of surface transformation, largely through pediments and glacis | 50–30° N | Gobi, Taklamakan, Maranjab |
See also edit
References edit
- ^ Mensching, Horst G. (1983), "Julius Büdel und sein konzept der klima-geomorphologie – rückschau und würdigung", Erdkunde (in German), 38 (3): 157–166
- ^ a b c d Migoń, Piotr (2006). "Büdel, J. 1982: Climatic geomorphology. Princeton: Princeton University Press. (Translation of Klima-geomorphologie, Berlin-Stuttgart: Gebrüder Borntraeger, 1977.)". Progress in Physical Geography. 30 (1): 99–103. doi:10.1191/0309133306pp473xx. S2CID 129512489.
- ^ a b c d e Sarre, R.D. (1993). "Climatic geomorphology". In Kearey, Philip (ed.). The Encyclopedia of the Solid Earth Sciences. Blackwell Science Ltd. pp. 112–114. ISBN 978-0-632-03699-8.
- ^ Sarre, R.D. (1993). "Climato-genetic geomorphology". In Kearey, Philip (ed.). The Encyclopedia of the Solid Earth Sciences. Blackwell Science Ltd. p. 114. ISBN 978-0-632-03699-8.
- ^ Gutiérrez, Mateo; Gutiérrez, Francisco (2013). "Climatic Geomorphology". Treatise on Geomorphology. Vol. 13. pp. 115–131.
- ^ Geographic Names Information System of the United States Geological Survey
- ^ Klima-Geomorphologie