John H. Calhoun Jr. (July 8, 1899 – May 6, 1988) was an American civil rights leader and politician who served on the Atlanta City Council from 1974 to 1978.[1]
John H. Calhoun | |
|---|---|
| Member of the Atlanta City Council District 1 | |
| In office 1974–1978 | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | John Henry Calhoun Jr. July 8, 1899 Greenville, South Carolina, U.S. |
| Died | May 6, 1988 (aged 88) Atlanta, Georgia, U.S. |
| Political party | Republican |
| Alma mater | Morehouse College (1937) Atlanta University (1968) |
| Occupation | Activist, civil rights leader, politician |
Early life and education edit
John Henry Calhoun Jr. was born on July 8, 1899, in Greenville, South Carolina.[2] At the age of 12, he started apprenticing as a blacksmith; Calhoun graduated high school from the Hampton Institute in 1922, at the age of 23.[3][4] Calhoun also earned a Bachelor of Arts from Morehouse College in 1937, and graduated from Atlanta University in 1968 with an MBA.[3] He also attended Northwestern University.[5]
Political Work edit
Calhoun worked at the Veteran's Affairs hospital in Tuskeegee starting on July 3, 1923, where he immediately received threats from the Ku Klux Klan.[6]
Calhoun moved to Atlanta in 1934.[3] In 1940, he co-founded the Atlanta Negro Voters League. Calhoun became president of the Atlanta chapter of the NAACP in 1956.[4][1][7] Throughout Atlanta, Calhoun was known as "Your Man in Community Action".[3][8]
Calhoun was a member of the Atlanta City Council for District 1 from 1974 to 1978. Calhoun was a Republican.[3] In the October 1973 election, Calhoun defeated John Releford with 75% of the vote.[9] Mayor Maynard Jackson presented Calhoun with an award in May 1981.[10]
Personal life edit
Outside of politics and activism, Calhoun held a large variety of jobs, working as a bookkeeper, dock worker, janitor, headwaiter, hospital administrator, insurance salesman, real estate agent, and reporter.[3][4] Businesses he founded included Calhoun Furniture Company and John Calhoun Real Estate.[3]
Calhoun had two children, John Henry Calhoun III and Ninaking Anderson.[3][4][11]
John Calhoun Park on Auburn Avenue in Atlanta is named in his honor.[7] Calhoun's papers are housed at the Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, which include a draft of Calhoun's unpublished book Atlanta — The Cradle of Black Leadership in America.[12][8]
Calhoun died on May 6, 1988, in Atlanta.
References edit
- ^ a b West, E. Bernard (6 April 1979). "Oral history interview of John Calhoun, clip 1 of 2". Atlanta History Center.
- ^ Calhoun, John Henry (1940). "John Henry Calhoun Draft Card [No. 1863]". National Archives and Records Administration. Retrieved 24 April 2023.
- ^ a b c d e f g h "John H. Calhoun, Jr. papers [1-40, OS 1-27]". Atlanta University Center Robert W. Woodruff Library.
- ^ a b c d "John Calhoun, 88; A Longtime Fighter For Rights in South". The New York Times. Vol. 137, no. 47501. 10 May 1988. p. D26.
- ^ "New Staff" (PDF). SCLC Newsletter. 1 (6). Southern Christian Leadership Conference: 1. April 1962.
- ^ Daniel, Pete (August 1970). "Black Power in the 1920s: The Case of Tuskegee Veterans Hospital". The Journal of Southern History. 36 (3): 368–388. doi:10.2307/2206200. JSTOR 2206200.
- ^ a b "John Calhoun Park (170-176 Auburn Avenue)". The Historical Marker Database. Retrieved 24 April 2023.
- ^ a b Schmich, Mary T. (22 October 1987). "Blacks Begin Efforts to Revive the Dream of 'Sweet Auburn'". The Chicago Tribune.
- ^ "City of Atlanta Election - October 2, 1973".
- ^ "File Master #575 5/1/81 through 6/20/81: 11. Old Atl; Awards 05-28-81". The Walter J. Brown Media Archives & Peabody Awards Collection. The University of Georgia. Retrieved 24 April 2023.
- ^ Merriner, Jim (15 October 1974). "Mayor Picks 30 for Bicentennial". The Atlanta Constitution. p. 5-A.
- ^ Jones, Stacy (June 2014). "John H. Calhoun, Jr. papers open to researchers" (PDF). Archivists and Archives of Color Newsletter. 28 (3): 5.