Sir John Neil Falvey, KBE, QC was a New Zealand-born Fijian lawyer,[1] who served as Attorney General of Fiji from 1970 to 1977. Previously, he had served as legal adviser to the Fijian Affairs Board.[2]
Sir John Neil Falvey | |
|---|---|
| 21st Attorney General of Fiji | |
| In office 1970–1977 | |
| Monarch | Elizabeth II |
| Governor General | Ratu Sir George Cakobau |
| Prime Minister | Ratu Sir Kamisese Mara |
| Preceded by | Justin Lewis |
| Succeeded by | Sir Vijay Singh |
| Minister without portfolio | |
| In office 20 September 1967 – 1970 | |
| Monarch | Elizabeth II |
| Governor | Sir Derek Jakeway Sir Robert Foster Until 10 October 1970 |
| Chief Minister | Ratu Sir Kamisese Mara Until 10 October 1970 |
| Member for Communications and Works | |
| In office 1963–1966 | |
| Monarch | Elizabeth II |
| Governor | Sir Kenneth Maddocks Sir Derek Jakeway |
| Preceded by | None (new office) |
| Succeeded by | Charles Stinson |
| Member of the Legislative Council of Fiji | |
| In office 1963–1972 | |
| Senator of Fiji | |
| In office 1972–1979 | |
| Appointed by | Prime Minister of Fiji |
| President of the Senate | Sir Robert Munro |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 1918 New Zealand |
| Citizenship | Fijian citizenship (from 1970) |
| Nationality | British subject (up to 1970) |
| Political party | Alliance Party |
| Profession | Lawyer, Queen's Counsel |
Early political career
editFalvey served as a member of the Legislative Council of Fiji in the 1960s.
In January 1963, Falvey signed what became known as the Wakaya letter, a document drawn up by the Great Council of Chiefs, which asserted the principle of ethnic Fijian paramountcy. This became the basic negotiating document of the Alliance Party (supported predominantly by ethnic Fijians and by Europeans) in the 1960s.[3]
Following the 1963 elections, the first-ever held by universal suffrage, Governor Sir Derek Jakeway introduced the member system as a first step towards responsible government, which followed four years later. Three members of the Legislative Council (Ratu Sir Kamisese Mara, Dr A. D. Patel, and Falvey himself) were made members of the Executive Council of Fiji and appointed to oversee government departments.[4] They were not "ministers" in the modern cabinet sense: they were a minority within the Executive Council, and although responsible to the Legislature, they were merely advisers to the Governor, who retained complete executive power. Falvey was appointed Member for Communication and Works, with responsibility covering meteorology, postal services, civil aviation, tourism, transport and hotels[5] He served until 1966.
With the introduction of responsible government on 20 September 1967, Falvey was made a Minister without portfolio,[6] meaning that he had no fixed responsibilities, but had a vote in the Cabinet and was assigned ad hoc tasks from time to time by Ratu Mara, who was now the Chief Minister of Fiji. He held this office until 1970
Attorney General
editIn 1970, when Fiji became an independent Dominion as the Dominion of Fiji, Falvey was appointed Attorney-General by the Prime Minister, Ratu Mara. In the 1972 elections, the first since independence in 1970, the number of General electors representatives (representing ethnic minorities) in the House of Representatives was reduced from the ten they had been allocated in the former Legislative Council to eight; of these, only three were elected on a closed communal roll. Falvey did not contest this election, but was appointed to the Senate of Fiji as one of six nominees of the Prime Minister.[7] After retiring as Attorney General, Falvey remained in the Senate until 1979, and chaired several Senate committees.[8][9]
1987 constitutional review commission
editFollowing the first of two military coups, Governor-General Ratu Sir Penaia Ganilau appointed Falvey to chair a constitutional review commission. The commission was to begin hearings on 6 July, and deliver its recommendations to the Governor General by 31 July. Its terms of reference were to "strengthen the representation of indigenous Fijians, and in so doing bear in mind the best interests of other peoples in Fiji."[10] The Commission received 860 written and 120 oral submissions, and produced a report recommending a new unicameral legislature comprising 36 Fijians (28 elected and 8 appointed by the Great Council of Chiefs), 22 Indo-Fijians, 8 General electors, 1 Rotuman, and up to four nominees of the Prime Minister. National constituencies, ethnically allocated by elected by universal suffrage, were to be abolished, and all voting was to be communal. The Prime Minister's post was to be reserved for an indigenous Fijian.[11]
After a second military coup on 25 September that year, and the appointment of Ganilau as first President of a newly proclaimed republic, the government submitted the recommendations of the Falvey Commission to a review committee chaired by Paul Manueli, a former Commander of the Fijian military. Some adjustments were made, and the outcome was the 1990 Constitution, which entrenched indigenous Fijian dominance.[12]
Personal life
editFalvey was a Roman Catholic.[13] He had six children.[14]
His interests included golf, and in 1978, he was President of the Fiji Golf Association.[15]
References
edit- ^ "Glossary". Commonwealth Oral Histories. Retrieved 29 September 2015.
- ^ "Glossary". Commonwealth Oral Histories. Retrieved 29 September 2015.
- ^ Tupou, Sam. "My Version of Complete Truth about Fiji". Matangi Tonga Online. Retrieved 29 September 2015.
- ^ McIntire, W. David (2014). Winding Up the British Empire in the Pacific Islands. OUP Oxford. pp. 127, 128, 271. ISBN 9780198702436. Retrieved 29 September 2015.
- ^ Lal, Brij V. "Amery and the Aftermath". A Time Bomb Lies Buried, Fiji's Road to Independence 1960–1970. Retrieved 29 September 2015.
- ^ Lal, Brij V. (22 September 2006). Fiji. University of London: Institute of Commonwealth Studies. ISBN 9780112905899. Retrieved 30 September 2015.
- ^ "Senate 1973 : part 1". Fiji Parliamentary Papers. Retrieved 29 September 2015.
- ^ "Senate 1979:Part 1". Fiji Parliamentary Papers. Retrieved 29 September 2015.
- ^ "Senate 1980 : Part 1". Fiji Parliamentary Papers. Retrieved 29 September 2015.
- ^ Lal, Brij V (November 2010). In the Eye of the Storm: Jai Ram Reddy and the Politics of Postcolonial Fiji. ANU E Press. ISBN 9781921666537. Retrieved 29 September 2015.
- ^ Miller, Laurel E.; Aucoin, Louis (2010). Framing the State in Times of Transition: Case Studies in Constitution Making. US Institute of Peace Press. ISBN 9781601270559. Retrieved 29 September 2015.
- ^ "The 1990 Constitution" (PDF). Fiji Leaks. Retrieved 29 September 2015.
- ^ "Paul Shanahan". The Dominion Post. 21 November 2008. Retrieved 29 September 2015.
- ^ "Managing Partner's Message" (PDF). Connecting.Me. Retrieved 29 September 2015.
- ^ McMahon, Peg (10 October 1978). "Our Girls Primed for Top Challenge". The Age. Retrieved 29 September 2015.