Jeanne Lavonne Humphrey Block (July 17, 1923 – December 4, 1981) was an American psychologist and expert on child development.[1] She conducted research into sex-role socialization and, with her husband Jack Block, created a person-centered personality framework. Block was a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science and conducted her research with the National Institute of Mental Health and the University of California, Berkeley. She was an active researcher when she was diagnosed with cancer in 1981.
Jeanne Humphrey Block | |
|---|---|
| Born | July 17, 1923 |
| Died | December 4, 1981 (aged 58) |
| Alma mater | Stanford University |
| Spouse | Jack Block |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | Psychology |
| Institutions | University of California, Berkeley |
Early life and education
editBlock was born in 1923 in Tulsa, Oklahoma.[2] She was raised in a small town in Oregon. After graduating from high school, she entered Oregon State University as a home economics major, but she was dissatisfied with her education. She joined SPARS, the women's branch of the United States Coast Guard, in 1944. While serving in World War II, Block was badly burned and nearly died. She was treated with skin grafts, and she was able to return to military service until 1946.[3]
In 1947, after completing a psychology degree at Reed College, she attended graduate school at Stanford University.[3] At Stanford, Block met two mentors, Ernest Hilgard and Maud Merrill.[4] Hilgard wrote a popular general psychology textbook and co-wrote a textbook on learning theories, and he became president of the American Psychological Association.[5] James had been an associate of intelligence researcher Lewis Terman.[6] Block also met her future husband and research collaborator, Jack Block, during her time at Stanford.[3]
Career
editPregnant at the time she finished her Ph.D. at Stanford in 1951, Block worked mostly part-time in the 1950s while she raised four children. Block and her husband created a person-centered personality theory that became popular among personality researchers. The theory examined personality in terms of two variables, ego-resiliency (the ability to respond flexibly to changing situations) and ego-control (the ability to suppress impulses).[7] In 1963, she was awarded a National Institute of Mental Health fellowship and she moved with her family to Norway for a year.[3] She joined the faculty as a research psychologist at the University of California, Berkeley's Institute of Human Development in 1965. In 1968, she & her husband began the Block Study, a 30-year longitudinal study of 128 Berkeley children. She became a professor-in-residence in the department of psychology in 1979.[8][1]
In the 1970s, Block published an analysis the sex-role socialization occurring in several groups of children in the United States and Northern Europe. Even across countries, boys were typically raised to be independent, high-achieving and unemotional, and girls were generally encouraged to express feelings, to foster close relationships and to pursue typical feminine ideals.[9]
Block was made a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 1980 and received the Lester N. Hofheimer Prize for outstanding psychiatric research from the American Psychological Association (APA) in 1979.[8][1] She was elected president of the APA Division of Developmental Psychology.[8]
In 1984 her book, Sex Role Identity and Ego Development was published posthumously.[4]
Death
editBlock died at the Alta Bates Hospital in Berkeley on December 4, 1981.[10][1] She had been diagnosed with cancer earlier that year.[2] She was survived by her husband, Jack, who died in 2010,[4] four children, her brother and mother.[1]
References
edit- ^ a b c d e "Jeanne H. Block Dies; Research Psychologist (Published 1981)". The New York Times. 1981-12-12. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2021-02-01.
- ^ a b "Jack and Jeanne Block". www.foundationpsp.org. Archived from the original on October 12, 2018. Retrieved April 11, 2017.
- ^ a b c d Lips, Hilary M. (2016). A New Psychology of Women: Gender, Culture, and Ethnicity, Fourth Edition. Waveland Press. pp. 182–183. ISBN 9781478633709.
- ^ a b c "Jack and Jeanne Block | SPSP". spsp.org. Retrieved 2021-02-01.
- ^ Saxon, Wolfgang (November 3, 2001). "Ernest R. Hilgard, leader in study of hypnosis, dies at 97". The New York Times. Retrieved April 11, 2017.
- ^ O'Connell, Agnes N.; Russo, Nancy Felipe (1990). Women in Psychology: A Bio-bibliographic Sourcebook. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 9780313260919.
- ^ Miller, Harold L. (2016). The SAGE Encyclopedia of Theory in Psychology. SAGE. p. 703. ISBN 9781452256719.
- ^ a b c "Jeanne Humphrey Block, Psychology: Berkeley". University of California.
- ^ Rosenzweig, Mark R. (1974). Annual Review of Psychology. Popular Prakashan. p. 259. ISBN 9780824302252.
- ^ Helson, Ravenna (1983). "Obituary: Jeanne Block (1923-1981)". American Psychologist. 38 (3): 338–339. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.38.3.338.