Jassas ibn Murrah al-Shaybani al-Bakri (Arabic: جساس بن مرة الشيباني البكري) was a pre-Islamic tribal chief of the Banu Shayban, a division of the Banu Bakr tribe. He is best remembered for his assassination of the chief of the Taghlib tribe, Kulaib ibn Rabiah, which sparked the 40-year conflict known as the Basus War.
| Jassas ibn Murrah al-Shaybani al-Bakri | |
|---|---|
| Chief of Banu Shayban | |
| Reign | Ended in c. 534 CE |
| Died | c. 530s CE Arabian Peninsula |
| House | Banu Shayban, a division from the Banu Bakr |
| Religion | South Arabian polytheism |
Biography
editFamily
editAccording to Yaqut al-Hamawi, the full lineage of Jassas ibn Murrah is in fact Jassas, son of Murrah, son of Dhal, son of Shayban, son of Tha'laba, son of Aqaba, son of Sa'b, son of Ali, son of Bakr ibn Wa'il; al-Hamawi proceeds to trace this lineage back to Adnan.[1] Hence, Jassas is from the Banu Bakr and belongs to the Banu Shayban division of the tribe. Additionally, Jassas' descent from Adnan confirms that he is not only amongst the Adnanites, but also a descendant of the biblical patriarch Ishmael.[2]
Jassas' sister, Jalilah bint Murrah, was married to Kulaib ibn Rabiah hence making him the brother-in-law of Kulaib.[3] Jassas' nephew from Kulaib and Jalilah's marriage was al-Jarw ibn Kulaib.[4] His maternal aunt was Al-Basus, who was the same woman whom incited him to kill Kulaib which started the 40-year Basus War.[5]
Conflicts with the Taghlib
editIgniting the Basus War
editAfter Kulaib ibn Rabiah of the Taghlib tribe had shot a prized she-camel belonging to an influential woman affiliated with the Banu Bakr named Al-Basus, this action angered Jassas ibn Murrah.[6][7] Jassas murdered Kulaib over this conflict, and this aroused the anger of the whole Taghlib tribe, who started to have an enmity against Jassas' tribe, the Banu Shayban and its parent tribe, Banu Bakr.[6][7]
The Taghlib fought against the Banu Bakr for 40 years, in the long series of conflicts known as the Basus War. The time period of this war has been dated to around 494–534 CE.[8]
Death
editAccording to the historian Monir Al-Balbaki, Jassas ibn Murrah was killed in 534 CE.[9] There are conflicting reports on the manner of how he died, although both agree that he was killed.
Death in battle
editThe Muslim historian, Ibn al-Athir, states that Jassas ibn Murrah was fatally injured by the Taghlibi warrior Abu Nuwayra al-Taghlibi and he later died of his injuries while resting in the care of his relatives.[6]
Death by homicide
editAnother narration states that Jassas was murdered by his nephew as an act of revenge for Jassas killing his father Kulaib.[4]
Personal life
editJassas ibn Murrah was a proficient poet in his spare time especially during the Basus War.[10]
Legacy
editJassas ibn Murrah appeared in the television drama series, Al-Zir Salem. He was portrayed by Abed Fahd.[11]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ al-Hamawi, Yaqut (1955). Kitāb Mu'jam al-Buldān. Beirut, Lebanon: Dār Ṣādir lil-Ṭibāʿah wa-al-Nash.
- ^ Mubarakpuri, Saifur Rahman (2008). The Sealed Nectar: Biography of the Noble Prophet. Dar-us-Salam Publications. ISBN 978-9960899558
- ^ "The letter Kaf: Kulaib ibn Rabiah". Dictionary of Arab Poets. Maktaba Shamela.
- ^ a b "معلومات لم تعرفها من قبل عن كليب بن ربيعة". موسوعة عين المعرفة (in Arabic). Retrieved 2024-09-01.
- ^ Yamout, Bashir (1934). Sha'irat al-'Arab fi al-Jahiliat wa al-Islam. Beirut, Lebanon: Dar Al Maktaba Al Ahlia.
- ^ a b c Al-Kāmil fi at-Tārikh, ed. Abū l-Fidāʾ ʿAbdallāh al-Qāḍī (11 vols., Beirut: Dār al-kutub al-ʿilmiyya, 1987–2003)
- ^ a b al-Jawaliqi. Sharh 'Adab al-Katib. Beirut, Lebanon: Dar al-Kitab al-Arabi.
- ^ Jawad `Ali (1955). Tarikh al-'Arab qabl al-Islam (in Arabic). Majma` al-Ilmi al-Iraqi.
- ^ Al-Balbaki, Monir (1992). Mu'jam 'Alam al-Mawrid. Beirut, Lebanon: Dar El Ilm Lilmalayin.
- ^ "Jassas ibn Murrah (8 poems)". Poets' Gate.
- ^ Al-Zeer Salem (TV Series 2000–2001) ⭐ 9.3 | Action, Biography, Drama. Retrieved 2024-09-01 – via m.imdb.com.