Jacob Scher (May 25, 1908 – September 27, 1961) was an American journalist, lawyer and tenured journalism professor at the Medill School of Journalism at Northwestern University in Evanston, Illinois.[1]
Jacob Scher | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | May 25, 1908 Chicago, Illinois, United States |
| Died | September 27, 1961 (aged 53) Chicago, Illinois, United States |
| Alma mater | University of Illinois |
| Occupation(s) | Journalist, lawyer, journalism professor |
A leading authority on public access to information, who championed the "people's right to know," Scher served as chief counsel for the U.S. House of Representatives Subcommittee on Access to Government Information, in Washington, D.C.[2] Headed by Representative John E. Moss of California, the committee was created in 1955 to investigate cases of news suppression by government agencies, a precursor to the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA).[3] The Freedom of Information Act took 12 years to get through Congress.[3]
"To me," Scher wrote, "the basis of civil rights is freedom of speech, freedom of the press and freedom of association. You can't apprise your fellow man of injustice if you can't talk about it."[4]
Life and career
editBorn in Chicago to Jewish immigrants from Lithuania and Latvia, Scher earned his undergraduate and law degrees from the University of Illinois, the latter in 1931.[5] He practiced law in Chicago for five years and was later qualified to practice before the Supreme Court.[6]
During the Great Depression, Scher joined the Federal Writers' Project (FWP), a job-creating government program. Established in 1935[7] by President Franklin Delano Roosevelt as part of the Works Progress Administration (WPA) and the New Deal, the Writers' Project generated a variety of jobs and publications.[citation needed][8]
Scher co-edited Illinois: A Descriptive and Historical Guide, published in 1939 and later reissued as The WPA Guide to Illinois.[9] As a member of the WPA's Illinois Writers' Project, Scher was on a roster that included Saul Bellow, Studs Terkel, Margaret Walker and Richard Wright.[10]
Moving for a time to Santa Fe, New Mexico, he co-edited New Mexico: A Guide to the Colorful State, published in 1940 and later reissued as The WPA Guide to 1930s New Mexico.[11]
His newspaper experience included the Chicago Sun-Times (and a precursor, the Chicago Times), Chicago Tribune, United Press International and City News Bureau of Chicago.[12] In addition to serving as Chicago correspondent for the New York Post, Scher did stints at California's Oakland Tribune and the Nashville Tennessean. Among his job titles were assistant city editor, reporter, copy editor and rewrite man.[13]
In 1947, Scher joined the faculty of the Medill School of Journalism at Northwestern.[14] Living with his family in Highland Park[15] he taught both undergraduate and graduate courses including press history, press law and press ethics, earning a reputation as a demanding and inspiring teacher.[16]
Putting his news experience into print, Scher and colleague Howard B. Taylor co-authored the textbook Copy Reading and News Editing, published in 1951.[17] Scher also hosted the public affairs radio and TV program Frankly Speaking on the CBS outlet WBBM in Chicago.[1]
Scher was appointed special counsel to the House's government information subcommittee in 1955 and chief counsel in 1960. Subcommittee staff director Sam Archibald called him the "nation's leading expert on the people's right to know."[18]
As counsel for the American Society of News Editors, he represented the organization in lawsuits involving constitutional guarantees of freedom of press and speech.[1]
Issues and views
editIn an essay about executive privilege, Scher wrote: "An open society demands that public officials be accountable for their conduct to the people and the people's representatives."[19]
Bruce Oudes, one of Scher's former students at Northwestern, summed up Scher's views in From: The President, Richard Nixon's Secret Files, the book that Oudes dedicated to Scher: "In the 1950s Scher became increasingly absorbed by the problem of developing lawful means by which journalists could examine the very stuff of government, its documents, to convey a complete portrait of government to the public. He slowly arrived at the conclusion that there should be laws that would provide procedures for the orderly review and release of materials so that the public might come to know the reality of what government was doing which then could be compared with what government said it was doing."[20]
Death and legacy
editScher died of cancer[1] in Chicago at the age of 53. Six years later, in 1967, the Freedom of Information Act went into effect, becoming the landmark law that keeps citizens in the know about the government.[21] For more than two decades following his death, the Chicago chapter of Women in Communications, Inc. presented the Jacob Scher Award for Investigative Reporting,[22] honoring reporters in print and broadcast journalism.
Scher's great nephew, journalist and author Jake Tapper, of CNN, was named for him.[23]
References
edit- ^ a b c d Special to The New York Times (September 28, 1961). ""Prof. Jacob Scher of Northwestern, Leader in Fights of Press Against U.S. Secrecy Dies, Sept. 28, 1961"". The New York Times. p. 35.
- ^ Moss, John E. (1963). "Public Information Policies, the Apa, and Executive Privilege". Administrative Law Review. 15: 111–123. ISSN 0001-8368. JSTOR 40708407.
- ^ a b Gold, Susan Dudley (2012). Freedom of Information Act (1st ed.). Cavendish Square. ISBN 978-1608704859.
- ^ Snyder, Alice W. (1996). Inventing Medill: A History of the Medill School of Journalism Northwestern University 1921-1996. Evanston, Illinois: Northwestern University. p. 77.
- ^ "Prof. Jacob Scher Dies September 27". Medill Alumni News Letter (16): 1. October 1961.
- ^ Oudes, Bruce (1989). From: The President, Richard Nixon's Secret Files. Harper & Row. pp. ix. ISBN 0-06-015953-7.
- ^ Mangione, Jerre (1972). The Dream and the Deal: The Federal Writers' Project 1935-1943. Little, Brown and Comlpany. p. 29. ISBN 0-316-54500-7.
- ^ "WPA Federal Writers' Project | United States history | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 2023-05-01.
- ^ The WPA Guide to Illinois. Pantheon Books. 1983. pp. xi. ISBN 978-0394721958.
- ^ Snyder, Alice W. (1989). Inventing Medill: A History of the Medill School of Journalism Northwestern University 1921-1996. Northwestern University. p. 39.
- ^ The WPA Guide to 1930s New Mexico. The University of Arizona Press. 1989. ISBN 0-8165-1102-0.
- ^ "Prof. Jacob Scher Dies September 27th". Medill Alumni News Letter (16): 1. October 1961.
- ^ "Jacob Scher Dies; Professor, Ex-Newsman". Chicago Sun-Times. September 28, 1961. p. 38.
- ^ Snyder, Alice W. (1996). Inventing Medill: A History of the Medill School of Journalism Northwestern University 1921-1996. Northwestern University. pp. 76–77.
- ^ "Jacob Scher, N.U. Faculty Member, Dies". Chicago Tribune. September 29, 1961. p. 30.
- ^ Snyder, Alice W. (1996). Inventing Medill: A History of the Medill School of Journalism Northwestern University 1921-1996. Northwestern University. p. 76.
- ^ Taylor, Howard B.; Scher (1951). Copy Reading and News Editing. Prentice-Hall. pp. vii.
- ^ Snyder, Alice W. (1996). Inventing Medill: A History of the Medill School of Journalism Northwestern University 1921-1996. Northwestern University. p. 78.
- ^ Scher, Jacob (1960). "On Executive Privilege". Freedom of Information Center Publication, School of Journalism, University of Missouri (43): 1.
- ^ Oudes, Bruce (1989). From: The President, Richard Nixon's Secret Files. Harper & Row. pp. viii. ISBN 0-06-015953-7.
- ^ Act (FOIA), Freedom of Information. "FOIA.gov (Freedom of Information Act) Learn". www.foia.gov. Retrieved 2023-04-26.
- ^ "Association for Women in Communications. Chicago Chapter. - Social Networks and Archival Context". snaccooperative.org. Retrieved 2023-04-26.
- ^ Writer, By John Timpane, Inquirer Staff. "Jake Tapper, Philadelphia boy to CNN 'Lead'". Philadelphia Inquirer. Archived from the original on 2023-04-26. Retrieved 2023-04-26.
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