Ivashchenko (Ukrainian: Іва́щенко) is a Ukrainian surname that may refer to the following notable people:
- Yuri Ivashchenko (born 1961), Ukrainian astronomer
- Valeriy Ivashchenko (born 1956), Deputy Minister of Defense of Ukraine in 2007–2009
- Elena Ivashchenko (born 1984 ), Russian judoka
- Oleh Ivashchenko, Ukrainian general
- Oleksandr Ivashchenko (born 1985), Ukrainian football player