Wikipedia

Indian Multi Role Helicopter

The Indian Multi Role Helicopter (IMRH) is a medium-lift helicopter currently under development by Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) for the Indian Armed Forces. It is designed for multiple roles, air assault, air-attack, anti-submarine, anti-surface, military transport and VIP transport roles. IMRH is aimed to replace all the current Mil Mi-17 and Mil Mi-8 helicopters across the Indian Armed Forces.[3]

Indian Multi Role Helicopter
Role Multirole helicopter
National origin India
Manufacturer Hindustan Aeronautics Limited
Design group Rotary Wing Research and Design Center[1]
First flight 2024-2025 (Planned)
Introduction 2025-2026 (expected) [2]
Status Under development
Primary user Indian Armed Forces

The planned rotorcraft is expected to have a maximum takeoff weight of 13 tonnes with a five bladed main rotor and 4 bladed rotor on tail. The navalised version further will have longer range and higher payload capacity. HAL estimates requirement of over 314 rotocraft of same class across the Indian Armed Forces to replace existing Mil Mi-17 helicopters in service in India.[3]

The scaled model tests of the helicopter have been ongoing as of 2021 while first flight of a full prototype is expected in 2025–26. The introduction into the armed forces thereafter is expected in 2028, after two years of testing. A total of six prototypes are planned for trials before production.

Development

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Origins

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During the late 2000s, Indian aerospace manufacturer Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL), which was interested in expanding their rotorcraft offering beyond that of the existing HAL Dhruv programme, began to explore the potential for the production of a conceptual 10-tonne class helicopter; this concept came to be known as the Medium Lift Helicopter (MLH).[4] If produced, the 10-tonne MLH shall hold the distinction of being the largest rotary-wing aircraft to have ever been produced by India.[5] Early on, it was recognised that the type would be primarily marketed towards military customers, especially the Indian armed forces, and that the tentative programme would greatly benefit from the involvement of a foreign manufacturer in a partnership arrangement.[4]

Speaking in September 2008 on the company's ambitions for the MLH, HAL Chairman Ashok Baweja stated: "We plan to develop and build 10-tonne class helicopters in partnership with either the Eurocopter or the Russians... This would be a joint venture between the selected company and HAL".[4] At this point, there were public estimates of producing around 350 helicopters in the 10-tonne class, which was dependent upon the military market for medium-lift helicopters. HAL were also keen to explore the potential for export sales of the MLH, the prospects of which being recognised to greatly depend upon the foreign partner select to participate in the programme.[4]

During the late 2000s, HAL issued a formal invitation for bids from major rotorcraft manufacturers across the world to co-develop the MLH.[6] However, during July 2009, HAL reportedly cancelled its active tender for the helicopter's co-development; by this stage, both Eurocopter and Mil Helicopters had been shortlisted as potential technology and investment partners. Allegedly, HAL informed the two companies that the tender had been scrapped because of the qualitative requirements of the armed forces having substantially changed.[citation needed] Speaking at a national seminar held in December 2014, HAL's chief test pilot, Wing Commander Unnikrishna Pillai, gave a talk on the design challenges posed development of medium and heavy lift helicopters in India. He said that, following on from the expertise gained in earlier projects, the Rotary Wing Research and Design Centre (RWR&DC) of HAL has become confident and is well poised to develop medium lift helicopters.[7]

Relaunch

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During early 2017, HAL reportedly re-launched its MLH proposal, now seeking to produce a 12-tonne twin-engine multipurpose helicopter; a new project name, the Indian Multi-Role Helicopter (IMRH) was also applied to the programme.[6][8] The IMRH has been conceived for performing various missions, including troop transport, combat search and rescue, VVIP transport, ground and offshore operations, air ambulance, casualty evacuation, and cargo carriage, including under-slung loads. It is to be capable of flying at altitudes of up to 20,000 feet while transporting either a maximum of 24 personnel or a payload of 3,500 kg.[6][9] According to HAL, the proposed helicopter can lift double the capacity that is currently available using its Dhruv advanced light helicopter, which falls within the five-tonne class. One HAL official stated that the Indian Army is estimated to require up to 400 helicopters within the MLH's class.[6][10]

During February 2017, a full-scale mock up of the MRH was publicly displayed at Aero India 2017; according to a HAL spokesman, the mock up was largely based upon the existing Russian Mil Mi-17.[5] By this point, HAL anticipated the first flight of the helicopter to occur during 2019; however, the engine to power the MRH was yet to be finalised. Likewise, the rotorcraft's finer details have yet to be fully defined, and are to only be finalised after specifications have been received from the intended users. Additionally, operator acceptance trials have been expected to take about 7–8 years before induction.[5] In February 2017, the MLH proposal remained in the conceptual stage; it was yet to be cleared by HAL's board; accordingly, at the time, it was yet to commence formal design work.[6][8] The intended engines to power the type are yet to be identified, while the helicopter is intended to be equipped with automatic flight control system, modern mission systems, advanced cockpit displays, and other contemporary avionics. At the time, HAL is in the process of developing a large, ₹600-crore helicopter manufacturing complex in Tumakuru; this is to be the hub of the company's rapidly expanding rotorcraft division.[6]

During May 2017, HAL issued requests for information (ROIs) in regards to elements of the Indian Multi-Role Helicopter (IMRH); the requests involved the turboshaft engines, along with assistance in the development of a blade-folding mechanism and external reviews of the rotorcraft's landing gear and transmission.[11] The landing gear is planned to be retractable and use an active steering system and self-centering capability, while the engines are to be imported, equipped with dual-channel full authority digital electronic controls (FADEC) and be capable of above-average high-altitude performance. Both the main and tail rotors are to be made of composite materials and are to be coated with radar absorbent/infrared resistant paints.[11]

In 2021, details on progress were unveiled in Aero India. The helicopter is expected to have a maximum take off weight of 13 tonnes and will have 24 to 36 crews on board in various configurations. The helicopter will have a five bladed main rotor with a diameter of 21.2 meters and a four-blade tail rotor. MRH will have 75% domestic content but will use an imported 2000 kW turboshaft engine. Payload capacity at sea level will be 4 tonnes and 1.5 tonne at a height of 13,000 ft (4,000 m). Aircraft will have pair of weapons wings which will provide four hardpoints for up to 1,600 kilograms (3,500 lb) of armaments. The aircraft passed preliminary design phase in 2021 and expects approval for further development by late 2021 or early 2022. First flight is expected 4 years after development project began while the introduction is scheduled for 2028.[12]

By 2021, the scale models have been undergoing trials, the flight of a full-sized prototype is expected in 2025-2026 ahead of the type's intended induction into the armed forces. The prototype programme is expected to involve six prototypes and have a total budget of ₹10,000 crore (US$1.2 billion). A specialised version for the Indian Navy will further be developed with greater range, a higher payload capacity and furnishings for maritime operations.[13] Till 30 March 2022, HAL completed preliminary design work and is ready for prototype development.[14]

Manufacturing

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HAL is setting up a new Helicopter Factory at Tumkur that will produce helicopters of 3 ton to 12 ton category.[15] IMRH will be the first major project to follow new manufacturing policy under Defence Acquisition Procedure (DAP) 2020. As per the policy, a private sector entity will form Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV) with HAL by acquiring 51% stake after getting minimum order assurance from Indian Armed Forces. During delivery, the company will be free to export 25% of the production to a third country.[16] An estimated ₹11,000 crore will be required as development cost for seven years and another ₹12,000 crore for setting up manufacturing facilities. The total requirement of the Indian Armed Forces is 550 units.[14]

On 6 February 2023, Prime Minister Narendra Modi dedicated the HAL Helicopter Factory at Tumakuru to the nation. The facility will have capacity to produce 1,000 helicopters of 3-15 tonne category and will meet the entire requirement of the country without import.[17] The factory will not only produce Light Utility Helicopter, Light Combat Helicopter, IMRH, Advance Light Helicopter, but will also act as Maintenance, Repair and Overhaul facility.[18]

HAL-Safran Joint Venture

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HAL started discussions with Safran Helicopter Engines, a French engine manufacturing company, for joint development and manufacturing of the IMRH engine under a strategic partnership model.[19][20] On 8 July 2022, HAL signed memorandum of understanding (MoU) with Safran Helicopter Engines to form a joint venture company that will be dedicated to the development, production, sales and support of the new generation helicopter engine for IMRH, including the naval variant.[21] The company will also fulfil the requirements of future helicopter projects undertaken by HAL and the Ministry of Defence.[22] HAL will hold the type certificate for the engine after development is complete, which will take three years.[23] On 15 February 2023, HAL and Safran signed work share agreement for joint development of engine.[24] In November 2023, HAL and Safran established the joint venture business, SAFHAL Helicopter Engines, for a new generation helicopter engine.[25]

In July 2024, it was reported that ANETO–1H (Hindustan variant) will be used to power the prototypes of IMRH. A contract will be signed for 12 such engines for 6 prototypes. The engines are to be delivered within a timeline of 24th to 36th month of the signing of contract. The engines will be delivered to HAL's Rotary Wing Research and Design Centre (RWRDC).[26][27]

On 30 August 2024, HAL partnered with SAFHAL Helicopter Engines Pvt. Ltd., a joint venture between Hindustan Aeronautics Limited and Safran Helicopter Engines, to develop Aravalli engines for 13 tonne IMRH and 12.5 tonne DBMRH (maritime variant) helicopters. The engine is named after Aravalli Range of mountains in Western India. The contract was signed by S Anbuvelan, CEO (Helicopter Complex), HAL and Olivier Savin, Director, SAFHAL Helicopter Engines and EVP, Sales and Marketing, Safran Helicopter Engines and SK Mehta, Director, SAFHAL Helicopter Engines and Executive Director (Finance), HAL.[28][29] After the contract is signed, HAL anticipates that the engine development will take at least 48 months, and the project would probably take 60 months to complete.[25][30][31]

Operational history

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During 2008, HAL stated that it intends to offer the 10-tonne MLH to the Indian Navy for the purpose of meeting its established requirement for a fleet of heavy-lift helicopters.[4] According to an official statement made during early 2017: "HAL will target export orders, aiming to replace ageing fleet of similar class of helicopters that are operational in more than 40 air forces".[6] As of 2017, a total of four distinct versions of the MRH have been planned, including a navalised maritime variant and a civilian-orientated model, for which HAL intends to achieve civil certification of.[5][11]

HAL has commented that the company has been examining the prospects of the indigenously developed MLH essentially replacing the Mi-17 helicopters that are in widespread use both abroad and in India, especially by its heavy use by most frontline operations by the Indian Air Force; possessing broadly specifications, the fledgling rotorcraft is to be capable of performing a greater number of roles than the Russian Mi-17.[9][10] While there has been no officially-stated requirement for a 10-12 tonne rotorcraft; however, the company has intentions for the IMRH to ultimately start replacing India's older Mi-17s after 2025.[11]

On 5 August 2019, it was reported that the process for securing government approvals for the helicopter has started. Full scale work will commence as soon as the project is approved, with first flight expected in two years. The requirement for such helicopters is reportedly of around 550 units.[32]

In July 2021, the Indian Navy formally involved itself in the project, envisaging a navalised version of the helicopter for anti-submarine and anti-surface warfare roles. As the naval variant will not perform high-altitude operations, unlike Indian Army and Indian Air Force operations, it will have higher payload capacity and longer range. It is anticipated that the navalised version will have dedicated equipment for the role, including sonar and sea-scanner radar with a customised cockpit.[13]

Variants

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  • IMRH (Indian Multi Role Helicopter): Base variant for Indian Army and Indian Air Force. Maximum take off of 13 tonnes (13 long tons; 14 short tons).[28]
  • DBMRH (Deck Based Multi Role Helicopter): Indian Navy variant. Maximum take off of 12.5 tonnes (12.3 long tons; 13.8 short tons). Optimized for naval operations (anti-submarine and anti-surface warfare roles) with higher payload and extended range.[13][28]

Specifications (projected)

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Data from Display at Aero India 2021[12]

General characteristics

  • Crew: 2
  • Capacity: 24 to 36 seated troops / 4,500 kg (9,921 lb)
  • Length: 25.16 m (82 ft 7 in)
  • Height: 6.22 m (20 ft 5 in)
  • Max takeoff weight: 13,000 kg (28,660 lb)
  • Powerplant: 2 × SAFHAL Aravalli[28] turboshaft engines, 2,000 kW (2,800 shp) each
  • Main rotor diameter: 21.2 m (69 ft 7 in)

Performance

  • Maximum speed: 300 km/h (190 mph, 160 kn)
  • Cruise speed: 260 km/h (160 mph, 140 kn)
  • Range: 800 km (500 mi, 430 nmi)
  • Service ceiling: 6,700 m (22,000 ft)

Armament

See also

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Related development

Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era

References

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  1. ^ "Rotary Wing". Hindustan Aeronautics Limited. Retrieved 9 October 2021.
  2. ^ "First Flight".
  3. ^ a b Chandra, Atul (14 February 2023). "HAL finalises 13t helicopter design to replace Mi-17s". Flight Global. Retrieved 22 February 2023.
  4. ^ a b c d e "HAL looks at foreign partners for chopper project". The Economic Times, 29 September 2008.
  5. ^ a b c d "HAL hopes to fly multi-role chopper by 2019, yet to finalise engine". Financial Express, 19 February 2017.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g D.S. Madhumathi. "HAL unveils plan for 12-tonne helicopter". The Hindu, 14 February 2017.
  7. ^ "HAL chief calls for stepping up indigenous helicopter production to meet demand". The Hindu Business Line, 28 December 2014.
  8. ^ a b Mathews, Neelam. "HAL Proposes an Indian Multirole Helicopter". AIN Online, 16 February 2017.
  9. ^ a b "This Indian Multi Role Helicopter By HAL Aims To Take On Russian Imports". India Times, 17 February 2017.
  10. ^ a b Singh, Rahul. "India-made multi-role choppers to match Russian Mi-17s: All you need to know". Hindustan Times, 9 May 2017.
  11. ^ a b c d "HAL issues RFIs for new 12t helicopter". Flight International, 26 May 2017.
  12. ^ a b Perry, Dominic (25 February 2021). "HAL details progress on new 13t helicopter for India". Flight Global.
  13. ^ a b c Pubby, Manu (14 July 2021). "Indian Navy to take part in massive helicopter development project". The Economic Times.
  14. ^ a b Pubby, Manu (30 March 2022). "Russia's invasion of Ukraine has cast a shadow on maintainability of Mi-17 helicopters". The Economic Times. Retrieved 19 April 2022.
  15. ^ "HAL signs MoU with Central PWD for works at chopper factory". Deccan Chronicle. 22 February 2019. Retrieved 3 November 2021.
  16. ^ Gupta, Shishir (17 July 2022). "Defence ministry to allow private companies to develop military helicopters". Hindustan Times. Retrieved 4 August 2022.
  17. ^ "PM Unveils India's Biggest Helicopter Manufacturing Facility In Karnataka". NDTV. 6 February 2023. Retrieved 22 February 2023.
  18. ^ "Prime Minister dedicates to the nation HAL Helicopter Factory - India's largest - at Tumakuru, Karnataka". Press Information Bureau. Retrieved 22 February 2023.
  19. ^ Greg Waldron (16 February 2023). "HAL, Safran in pact to develop engine for new 13t helicopter". Flightglobal.
  20. ^ Philip, Snehesh Alex (20 December 2021). "French firm & HAL in talks to make new indigenous chopper engine, power 'Make in India' push". ThePrint. Retrieved 21 December 2021.
  21. ^ "HAL, Safran to develop helicopter engines in joint venture". Hindustan Times. 8 July 2022. Retrieved 11 July 2022.
  22. ^ "HAL-Safran JV to develop new helicopter engines". The Times of India. 8 July 2022. Retrieved 11 July 2022.
  23. ^ Kadidal, Akhil (11 July 2022). "France, India to co-develop new engine for IMRH". Janes. Retrieved 11 July 2022.
  24. ^ "HAL, Safran move forward in partnership for IMRH engine". The Economic Times. 15 February 2023. ISSN 0013-0389. Retrieved 22 February 2023.
  25. ^ a b "HAL, SAFHAL sign contract to develop engine for heavy lift helicopter". Janes. 30 August 2024. Retrieved 31 August 2024.
  26. ^ @alpha_defense (15 July 2024). "#EXCLUSIVE | 𝐇𝐢𝐧𝐝𝐮𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝐀𝐞𝐫𝐨𝐧𝐚𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐜𝐬 𝐋𝐢𝐦𝐢𝐭𝐞𝐝 (𝐇𝐀𝐋) to use 𝐀𝐍𝐄𝐓𝐎–𝟏𝐇 𝐄𝐧𝐠𝐢𝐧𝐞 for 𝐈𝐧𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐚𝐥 𝐃𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐥𝐨𝐩𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭,𝐓𝐞𝐬𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐨𝐧 𝐈𝐌𝐑𝐇 & 𝐃𝐁𝐌𝐑𝐇 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐓𝐞𝐜𝐡𝐧𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐥 𝐒𝐮𝐩𝐩𝐨𝐫𝐭 𝐝𝐮𝐫𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐠𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐅𝐥𝐢𝐠𝐡𝐭 𝐓𝐞𝐬𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  27. ^ alphadefense.in (15 July 2024). "Exclusive: ANETO–1H Engine for IMRH and DBMRH". alphadefense.in. Retrieved 15 July 2024.
  28. ^ a b c d "HAL selects SAFHAL Helicopter Engines to develop and produce Aravalli engines for powering India's IMRH and DBMRH platforms". Safran Group. 30 August 2024. Retrieved 30 August 2024.
  29. ^ Dutta, Amrita Nayak (31 August 2024). "HAL signs airframer contract with SAFHAL Helicopter Engines to design, develop high power engines for its indigenous medium lift helicopters". The Indian Express. Retrieved 31 August 2024.
  30. ^ "HAL partners with Safhal for 'Aravalli' engines to power next-gen choppers". The Times of India. 30 August 2024. ISSN 0971-8257. Retrieved 30 August 2024.
  31. ^ "New engine Aravalli to power next-gen helicopters of HAL". The Hindu. 30 August 2024. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 31 August 2024.
  32. ^ Pubby, Manu (5 August 2019). "India to embark on Rs 10,000-cr project to replace Mi-17 copters". The Economic Times. Retrieved 5 August 2019.
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