II Pegasi is a binary star system in the constellation of Pegasus with an apparent magnitude of 7.4 and a distance of 130 light-years. It is a very active RS Canum Venaticorum variable (RS CVn), a close binary system with active starspots.
| Observation data Epoch J2000 Equinox J2000 | |
|---|---|
| Constellation | Pegasus |
| Right ascension | 23h 55m 04.05313s[2] |
| Declination | +28° 38′ 01.2422″[2] |
| Apparent magnitude (V) | 7.4[3] (7.18–7.78[4]) |
| Characteristics | |
| II Pegasi A | |
| Evolutionary stage | subgiant[5] |
| Spectral type | K2 IV[5] |
| Variable type | RS CVn[4] |
| II Pegasi B | |
| Evolutionary stage | main sequence[5] |
| Spectral type | M0-M3 V[5] |
| Astrometry | |
| II Pegasi A | |
| Radial velocity (Rv) | −20.50[6] km/s |
| Proper motion (μ) | RA: 576.22[2] mas/yr Dec.: 34.69[2] mas/yr |
| Parallax (π) | 25.06 ± 0.51 mas[2] |
| Distance | 130 ± 3 ly (39.9 ± 0.8 pc) |
| Absolute magnitude (MV) | 3.8[5] |
| Details | |
| II Pegasi A | |
| Mass | 0.8[5] M☉ |
| Radius | 3.4[5] R☉ |
| Luminosity | 1.06 L☉ |
| Surface gravity (log g) | 3.2[5] cgs |
| Temperature | 4,600[5] K |
| II Pegasi B | |
| Mass | 0.4[5] M☉ |
| Luminosity | 0.53 L☉ |
| Other designations | |
| Database references | |
| SIMBAD | data |
The primary (II Pegasi A) is a cool subgiant, an orange K-type star. It has begun to evolve off the main sequence and expand.[5] Starspots cover about 40% of its surface. The star produces intense flares observable at all wavelengths.[7]
Its smaller companion (II Pegasi B) is too close to have been observed directly. It is a red dwarf, an M-type main-sequence star. The stars are tidally locked in a very close orbit with a period of 6.7 days and a separation of a few stellar radii.[5]
X-ray flares from II Pegasi A were observed with the Ariel 5 satellite in the 1970s and with later X-ray observatories. In December 2005, a superflare was detected by the Swift Gamma-Ray Burst Mission.[3] It was the largest stellar flare ever seen and was a hundred million times more energetic than the Sun's typical solar flare.[8]
References
edit- ^ "Hipparcos Tools Interactive Data Access". Hipparcos. ESA. Retrieved 8 December 2021.
- ^ a b c d e Van Leeuwen, F. (2007). "Validation of the new Hipparcos reduction". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 474 (2): 653–664. arXiv:0708.1752. Bibcode:2007A&A...474..653V. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20078357. S2CID 18759600.
- ^ a b Osten, Rachel A.; Drake, Stephen; Tueller, Jack; Cummings, Jay; Perri, Matteo; Moretti, Alberto; Covino, Stefano (2007). "Nonthermal Hard X-Ray Emission and Iron Ka Emission from a Superflare on II Pegasi". The Astrophysical Journal. 654 (2): 1052–1067. arXiv:astro-ph/0609205. Bibcode:2007ApJ...654.1052O. doi:10.1086/509252. S2CID 16118115.
- ^ a b Samus, N. N.; Durlevich, O. V.; et al. (2009). "VizieR Online Data Catalog: General Catalogue of Variable Stars (Samus+ 2007-2013)". VizieR On-line Data Catalog: B/GCVS. Originally Published in: 2009yCat....102025S. 1. Bibcode:2009yCat....102025S.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Berdyugina, Svetlana V.; Jankov, S.; Ilyin, I.; Tuominen, I.; Fekel, F. C. (1998). "The active RS Canum Venaticorum binary II Pegasi. I. Stellar and orbital parameters". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 334: 863–872. Bibcode:1998A&A...334..863B.
- ^ Karataș, Yüksel; Bilir, Selçuk; Eker, Zeki; Demircan, Osman; Liebert, James; Hawley, Suzanne L.; Fraser, Oliver J.; Covey, Kevin R.; Lowrance, Patrick; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Burgasser, Adam J. (2004). "Kinematics of chromospherically active binaries and evidence of an orbital period decrease in binary evolution". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 349 (3): 1069–1092. arXiv:astro-ph/0404219. Bibcode:2004MNRAS.349.1069K. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2004.07588.x. S2CID 15290475.
- ^ Covino, S.; Tagliaferri, G.; Pallavicini, R.; Mewe, R.; Poretti, E. (2000). "The active binary star II Pegasi with it BeppoSAX". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 355 (2): 681–687. arXiv:astro-ph/9911352. Bibcode:2000A&A...355..681C.
- ^ Wanjek, Christopher (6 November 2006). "Monster Stellar Flare Seen by NASA Scientists Dwarfs All Others". National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Archived from the original on 10 June 2015. Retrieved 31 March 2014.