Hudhayfah Ibn Mihsan al-Bariqi (Arabic: حذيفة بن محصن البارقي),[1] was a companion of Muhammad. He was governor of Oman during the reign of Rashidun Caliph Abu Bakr.[2]
Hudhayfah al-Bariqi | |
|---|---|
| Born | Bariq |
| Died | Oman |
| Allegiance | Rashidun Caliphate |
| Service | Rashidun army |
| Rank | Commander |
| Battles / wars | |
| Other work | Governor of Oman (632–??) |
Background
editMajority of genealogist unanimously agreed in various narrations that Hudhayfah was from Azd.[3] while the identity of Bariq clan further highlighted by Hisham ibn al-Kalbi,[4] Al-Baladhuri,[5] Yaqut al-Hamawi,[6] and Ahmed Cevdet Pasha,[7]
Only Sayf ibn Umar who deviated from majority of historians and genealogist by saying Hudhayfah ibn Muhsin were descended from Banu Tamim, an entirely different tribe from Bariqi branch.[8] Zia al-Umari, The author of the critics against Sayf ibn Umar, noted that aside from contradiction from majority, Sayf were generally viewed as unreliable by most historians.[8]
Ridda wars
editIn mid-September 632, Abu Bakr dispatched Hudhayfah Ibn Mihsan's corps to Oman to tackle the apostasy in Oman,[9] where the tribe of Azd, that dominated the region of Oman, had revolted under their chief Laqeet bin Malik, known more commonly as "Dhu'l-Taj", i.e. "the Crowned One." According to some reports, he also claimed prophethood. Hudaifa entered the province of Oman, but not having strong enough forces to fight Dhu'l-Taj, he decided to wait for reinforcement, and wrote to the Caliph accordingly. The Caliph sent Ikrimah to aid him in late September 632. Ikrimah marched from Yamamah to Oman, and the combined forces of these two generals defeated Dhu'l-Taj at the Battle of Dibba, fought in late November 632 at Dibba, a stronghold of Dhu'l-Taj. Dhu'l-Taj was killed in battle.[10] Being appointed governor of Oman, Hudhayfah next set about the re-establishment of law and order. Ikrimah, having no local administrative responsibility, used his corps to subdue the neighbourhood of Daba, and in a number of small actions succeeded in breaking the resistance of those of the Azd who had continued to defy the authority of Medina.[11][12]
Conquest of Persia
editLater, Hudhayfah appeared again during the Muslim conquest of Iraq, which is during the founding of Basra,[13] after Arfajah and Utbah ibn Ghazwan managed to conquer Lavan Island, Jazireh-ye Shif, Kharg Island.[14] and al-Ubulla.[15] Then Hudhayfah, Arfajah, and a chief of Sadus ibn Shayban clan named Mujaz'ah ibn Thawr as-Sadusi, started to fill the complex with their tribes and clansmen,[16] Along with Banu Tamim tribe.[16]
Then as the conquest goes on, in 17 AH, Hudhayfah were sent by his superior, Utbah, along with Arfajah, Asim ibn Amr al-Tamimi, Ahnaf ibn Qais, and Abu Sabrah bin Abi Rahm.[17][18] to rescue caliphate soldiers that being surrounded by Sassanid Army in Fars Province.[19] this rescue operation, Arfajah advising Utbah a strategy to send the forces of Abu Sabrah alone to the coastal area, in order to bait the Sassanid forces while hiding their main forces beyond the sight of the enemy and even the isolated Muslim forces that they intend to rescue. Then as Sassanid army saw Abu Sabrah came with only few soldiers, they immediately gave chase as they though it is the whole Muslim reinforcement soldiers. At this certain moment, Utbah commence Arfajah final plan to commit his main forces to flank the unexpected Sassanid force, causing heavy casualties on them and routing them, thus this operation of relieving al Ala Hadrami mariners which has been posed to danger of being isolated in the Persian soil were succeeded.[20][21]
References
edit- ^ The History of al-Tabari Vol. 11: The Challenge to the Empires A.D. 633-635/A.H. 12-13. SUNY Press. January 1, 1993. ISBN 9780791408513 – via Google Books.
- ^ Hawley, Donald; Hawley, Sir Donald (April 2, 1970). The Trucial States. Ardent Media. ISBN 9780049530058 – via Google Books.
- ^ Ulrich, Brian John (2008). Constructing Al-Azd Tribal Identity and Society in the Early Islamic Centuries. the University of Wisconsin - Madison. p. 95. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
- ^ Ibn al Kalbi, Hisham (1988). نسب معد و اليمن الكبير, المجلد 3 (in Arabic). دار اليقظة العربية. p. 142. Retrieved 25 November 2021.
- ^ Baladhuri, Ahmad (1866). كتاب فتوح البلدان(Futuh al Buldan). E.J BRILL. p. 83. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
- ^ * al-Hamawi, Yaqut (1995). Mu'jam al Buldan (Dictionary of Countries). Dar as Sadr. p. 435. Retrieved 22 November 2021.
- ^ Cevdet Pasha, Ahmed (2007). Detailed in the history of the Arabs before Islam - c 7. Noor Book. p. 201. Retrieved 25 November 2021.
- ^ a b Zia al-Umari, Akram (2007). Caliphate era attempt to critique the historical novel according to modern methods. Noor Book. Retrieved 25 November 2021.
- ^ United Arab Emirates Yearboook 2006. Trident Press Ltd. April 2, 2006. ISBN 9781905486052 – via Google Books.
- ^ Constructing Al-Azd: Tribal Identity and Society in the Early Islamic Centuries page 95. ISBN 9780549634430.
- ^ The Journal of Oman Studies, Page 100
- ^ Casey-Vine, Paula (January 1, 1995). Oman in History. Immel Pub. ISBN 9781898162117 – via Google Books.
- ^ Khattab, Mahmud Sheet (2010). دة فتح العراق والجزيرة [Leaders of the Conquest of Iraq and Al-Jazeera]. p. 327. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
{{cite book}}: External link in|ref= - ^ Pourshariati 2021, p. 354
- ^ Le Strange, G.; Nicholson, Reynold A. (2014). Fārs-nāma of Ibnu l-Balkhī. Gibb Memorial Trust. p. 56b. ISBN 9781909724679. Retrieved 25 November 2021.
- ^ a b Ibn Sa'd, Abū 'Abd Allāh Muḥammad. Tabaqat al Kubra. p. 730. Retrieved 22 November 2021.
- ^ Ibn Athir, Ali (1987). at-Tarikh; Part: 2. دار الكتب العلمية. p. 539. Retrieved 21 November 2021.
- ^ Ibn Khaldun, Abū Zayd 'Abd ar-Raḥmān ibn Muḥammad (2018). Tarikh Ibn Khaldun; c 2 s 2. al Maktaba. p. 110. Retrieved 21 November 2021.
- ^ Shakir, Mahmud (2005). Encyclopedia of Persian Gulf History: Part One. p. 83. ISBN 9796500011394. Retrieved 21 November 2021.
- ^ Ibn Miskawayh, Abū ʿAlī Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad ibn Yaʿqūb (2000). كتاب تجارب الأمم وتعاقب الهمم [The Book of Nations Experiences and the Succession of Determination]. al Maktaba al Shamilat. p. 371. Retrieved 21 November 2021.
- ^ al Lakika'i, Abu Rabi' (2018). كتاب الاكتفاء بما تضمنه من مغازي رسول الله - صلى الله عليه وسلم - والثلاثة الخلفاء. Al Maktaba. p. 549. Retrieved 21 November 2021.
- The information in this article is based on that in its Arabic equivalent.
Bibliography
edit- Pourshariati, Parvaneh (2021). Decline and Fall of the Sasanian Empire The Sasanian-Parthian Confederacy and the Arab Conquest of Iran (in Arabic). Translated by Anis Abdel Khaleq Mahmoud. Arab Center for Research and Policy Studies. ISBN 978-6144453704. Retrieved 19 November 2021.