Houdaille Industries was a diversified manufacturing company which produced automotive products, industrial products, machine tools, construction materials and contracting. The company had its beginnings in Buffalo, New York, in 1919, where the Houde Engineering Corporation manufactured shock absorbers that had been invented and patented in France by Maurice Houdaille (1880-1953).[1] The company continued to grow with the automobile industry, and through diversification, until 1987 when it was forced to liquidate most of its assets to satisfy obligations to investors from a 1979 leveraged buy out.[2]
 | |
| Company type | Public |
|---|---|
| Industry | Automotive parts, machine tools, construction materials |
| Predecessors | Houdaille-Hershey Corporation Houde Engineering Corporation |
| Founded | January 19, 1919 in Buffalo, New York, U.S. |
| Defunct | September 1987 |
| Successor | TI Group IDEX Corporation |
Key people | A.B. Shultz Claire L. Barnes Ralph Peo Gerald C. Saltarelli Donald N. Boyce |
Number of employees | 9,000 (1977) |
History edit
Houde Engineering edit
On March 1, 1909, French engineer and inventor Maurice Houdaille (1880–1953) filed for a patent for a shock absorbing apparatus. U.S. patent 933,076 was granted 7 September 1909. In 1915, French born import specialist Paul Victor Clodio (1882-1928), acquired the rights, from Maurice Houdaille, to manufacture and sell the Houdaille shock absorber in the United States. Clodio founded the Houdaille Shock Absorber Co., Inc. in New York City.[3]
On January 27, 1919, Buffalo, NY automotive engineer Albert B. Shultz (1877–1932), and his brother, B. David Schultz, a Rolls-Royce dealer,[4] filed articles of incorporation for the Houde Engineering Corporation with New York State.[5] The name Houde was an attempt to anglicize Houdaille.[6] Houde acquired manufacturing and selling rights for the Houdaille shock absorber from importer Clodio. Clodio retained the selling rights for the New York City area. In 1925 Houde acquired the New York Houdaille Company and moved manufacturing operations from 1400 West Avenue, Buffalo, to a newly constructed plant at 533-537 East Delavan Avenue, Buffalo, to facilitate its growth.
In 1927, the patents were purchased from the original French owners and Houde became the sole manufacturer and distributor of the Houdaille designed shock absorber in the United States. The following October, Henry Ford wrote to Shultz and told him that if Houde would hire then 30 year old mechanical engineer Ralph Peo to supervise production at the plant, then Ford would purchase Houdaille shocks for all of the new Ford automobiles.[7][8] Production of shock absorbers doubled.
In late September, 1928, Shultz sold Houde to Frederick B. Cooley and a small syndicate of investors for $4.3 million. Two months later Cooley and his investors sold Houde to Claire L. Barnes for $6 million.[9]
Houdaille-Hershey edit
Detroit industrialist Claire L. Barnes (1880-1947) created the Houdaille Corporation of Michigan in 1928 to acquire Houde Engineering from Cooley. On January 30, 1929, Barnes consolidated his new organization with two other companies, Oakes Products and Hershey Manufacturing, both involved in manufacturing products for the automobile industry, renaming it Houdaille-Hershey Corporation with its headquarters in Detroit. The Oakes Products Company, of Indianapolis, had been incorporated in Indiana in 1912 and manufactured spare wheel and tire locks, door locks, cooling fans, air cleaners and carburetors. In 1919 Hershey Manufacturing Company was organized in Colorado. Hershey manufactured ignition and steering wheel locks with plants in Chicago and Detroit.[1][10]
After Barnes created the Houdaille-Hershey Corporation it became one of the country's largest suppliers of automobile parts to the Detroit manufacturers. In August 1929, Schultz resigned as president of the company and Ralph Peo was named vice president and general manager of the Houde Engineering Division of Houdaille-Hershey Corporation.[11]
The company continued its acquisition of other automobile related manufactures The Skinner Company, Ltd of Gananoque, Ontario, which manufactured auto bumpers; Muskegon Motors Specialties, which made crankshafts and camshafts; Biflex Products Corporation, bumpers; Lion Cover Company, metal tire covers; and General Bumper Corporation, one of the world's largest manufacturers of spring bumpers for automobiles. The company had plants in Buffalo, New York, Chicago, Illinois, Indianapolis, Indiana, Muskegon, Michigan, Decatur, Illinois and Gananoque and Oshawa, Canada, and was being considered for acquisition by both Ford and GM.[12]
In November 1932, the New York Stock Exchange approved the listing of its class A common stock on the exchange.[13]
In June 1937, Charles Getler was elected president of the company and Barnes became chairman of the board, Ralph Peo was chosen as vice-president. Barnes retired in 1940.
Houdaille continued growth through acquisition and when the U.S. entered WWII the company retooled many of its production facilities for the war effort. Houdaille's Garfield bumper plant in Decatur, Illinois contracted with the Top Secret Manhattan Project to nickel plate large pipes to be used to build the Atomic Bomb at the K-25 plant at Oak Ridge, Tennessee, and was dropped on Hiroshima on August 6, 1945.[14][15][16]
After the war, Houdaille bought a plant in Huntington, West Virginia and retooled it to manufacture automobile bumpers. It became the world's largest bumper producer.[17]
In March 1946, Peo, then executive vice president, resigned to form Frontier Industries, Inc. As head of Frontier, Peo acquired Manzel Brothers Oil Pump Company, Fairmount Tool & Forging, Inc., of Cleveland, Ohio, the Buffalo Arms plant, and Buffalo Crushed Stone Coorporation.
Frontier Industries merges with Houdaille-Hershey edit
Houdaille-Hershey's business was primarily in the automobile industry. Seeking to divisify to other industries, in 1955, Houdaille acquired Frontier through a merger and Ralph Peo became president of Houdaille-Hershey.[18] Peo moved the corporate headquarters from Detroit to Buffalo and the name was changed to Houdaille Industries, Inc.[1]
Under Peo's leadership the company acquired North Jersey Quarry Co., Commonwealth Concrete Company, Wales-Strippit Co., Gravel Products Corporation, Provincial Engineering, Ltd, Buffalo Eclipse Corporation, S.M. Jones, Eclipse Lawn Mower, Penberthy Manufacturing Co., R.H. Wright & Sons, Inc., Broward Asphalt Corporation, and Duval Engineering and Contracting. By the end of 1961 Peo had developed Houdaille into a national business leader in the construction materials, automotive parts, and industrial tools & machinery industries with over $80 million in annual sales, over 60 business locations in the United States and Canada and 9,783 shareholders.[19]
Peo retired as CEO in 1962 and continued as Chairman of the Board until 1964, when he became Chairman Emeritus. Fifty year old Gerald C. Saltarelli was elected president. He had joined the company in 1941 as corporate attorney and served in a wide variety of executive positions through the years.[1]
Saltarelli continued the growth pattern established by Peo. He purchased Morris Crane & Hoist, Deerfield Rock, Di-Arco, Burgmaster Corporation,[20] Powermatic Machine Company, Trabon Engineering, U.S.Burke Machine Tool Co, Viking Pump, June Prestressors, Inc., Warren Pump, Band-It Company, and Fort Worth Steel and Machine Company.
By 1977 the company had over 9,000 employees in five product groups and 18 subsidiary companies. Saltarelli, exasperated with the corporate tax structure in New York State, moved the company headquarters to Florida.[21] The company's cash rich and debt free balance sheet made it an attractive candidate for a take over.
Kohlberg Kravis Roberts leveraged buyout edit
In the winter of 1978 Houdaille's stock was selling at $14.50 per share, well below book value, and Saltarelli was looking for a way to retire. Along came Kohlberg, Kravis, Roberts & Co. with a proposal for the company to undergo a leveraged buy out. The proposal was accepted and the company was taken private at $40 per share. At that time it was the first public company taken private and at $355 million, that largest LBO ever.[22] Saltarelli walked away with a retirement package, $5 million and no hostile takeover.[23]
After the LBO closed in May 1979, Phillip A. O'Reilly became president & CEO and Jerome Kohlberg, Jr. was chairman of the private company. The company continued its acquisitions, buying the John Crane Company for $204 million and taking a 49% stake in the UK based Crane Packaging, followed by Warren Rupp for $25 million.
With the heavy debt created by the LBO, the Early 1980s recession, and Japanese competition in the machine tool manufacturing industry, profits disappeared. The company petitioned President Reagan for relief from the Japanese imports but the request was rejected. With no help from Washington, the company underwent a restructuring plan. Seven divisions were split off and it sold the Burgmaster division at auction in January 1986 to raise cash to reduce its debt. A year later it underwent another LBO to pay off the original LBO investors and KKR forced O'Reilly to retire. Donald N. Boyce became CEO and the company headquarters was moved to Northbrook, Illinois.[2]
In 1987 KKR sold the remaining assets of Houdaille to the TI Group of London. TI kept the John Crane Division and sold six other division to a KKR created new company IDEX Corporation.[24]
The name Houdaille was gone from the American business scene.
References edit
- ^ a b c d Callahan, William F. (March 18, 1973). "Houdaille Big Business and Still Growing". Courier Express. No. 46.
- ^ a b Holl, Max (April 23, 1989). "HOW TO KILL A COMPANY". The Washington Post. Retrieved May 6, 2022.
- ^ "Trade Information". New York Tribune. No. Part III, Page 8. December 3, 1916.
- ^ "Obituary - B. David Schultz". Buffalo Evening News, pg c-6. November 22, 1958.
- ^ "Articles for incorporation of the Houde Engineering Corporation, Pg 3". The Daily News. Batavia, N.Y. January 28, 1919.
- ^ Callahan, William F. (February 2, 1969). "Houdaille Marks Several Milestones". Courier Express, pg 57.
- ^ "Houde Plant Lands A Large Ford Order". The Greenfield Rercorder, pg 8. January 28, 1928.
- ^ "Buffalo Becomes Automotive Center - Ford is Customer". Buffalo Evening News, pg 12. September 4, 1928.
- ^ "Houde Company Here to be Reorganized". Buffalo Evening News, pg 45. November 22, 1928.
- ^ "City Products Sold to All Auto Makers". The Indianapolis Times. March 30, 1929. p. 5.
- ^ "Schultz Resigns as Head of Engineering Corporation". Courier Express, Pg 1. August 25, 1929.
- ^ "Would Acquire Big Automobile Accessory Firm". Courier Express, pg 11. August 10, 1931.
- ^ "Listing Approved by Stock Exchange". The New York Times, pg 33. November 10, 1932.
- ^ "Decatur Plant Played Key Role in World War II Effort". Decatur Tribune pgs 4-5. Paul Osborne. May 15, 2019.
- ^ Garman, Steve (April 29, 2020). "Atomic Mission". Decatur Magazine. Retrieved May 15, 2022.
- ^ Rhodes, Richard. "Making of the Atomic Bomb". atomicheritage.org. Atomic Heritage Foundation. Retrieved May 10, 2022.
- ^ Casto, James E. (December 29, 2014). "Lost Huntington: Houdaille Industries". The Herald Distatch. Retrieved May 10, 2022.
- ^ "Fronties Industries - Shareholders to Vote on Sale to Houdaille-Hershey Corp" (PDF). The New York Times. February 26, 1955. Retrieved May 10, 2022.
- ^ "Ralph Peo Dies; Industrialist, 69 – Built Houdaille Into a Major Diversified Corporation" (PDF). The New York Times. No. November 30, 1966, pg L47. Retrieved May 10, 2022.
- ^ Holland, Max (July 12, 1987). "DON'T BLAME THE JAPANESE : The Rise of Burgmaster Corp. Was a Typically American Saga--andUnfortunately, So Was Its Fall". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved May 10, 2022.
- ^ Silverstein, Stuart (December 15, 1981). "Tales of 2 Buffalo Firms Drawn to Sun Belt". Couriet Express, pg 1.
- ^ Cuff, Daniel F. (May 26, 1984). "Finding Happiness in Buyout". The New York Times pg 33. Retrieved May 10, 2022.
- ^ Levintova, Hannah. "The Smash-and-Grab Economy". motherjones.com. Retrieved May 10, 2022.
- ^ "TI Group to Buy Houdaille". The New York Times, section D pg 8. August 26, 1987. Retrieved May 11, 2022.
Further reading edit
- Holland, Max (1989), When the Machine Stopped: A Cautionary Tale from Industrial America, Boston: Harvard Business School Press, ISBN 978-0-87584-208-0, OCLC 246343673. A history most specifically of Burgmaster, which specialized in turret drills; but in telling Burgmaster's story, and that of its acquirer Houdaille, Holland provides a history of the machine tool industry in general between World War II and the 1980s that ranks with Noble's coverage of the same era (Noble 1984) as a seminal history. Later republished under the title From Industry to Alchemy: Burgmaster, a Machine Tool Company.
- Jewell, Dennis (April 28, 2020). "The Houdaille Story". Western New York Heritage (Spring 2020): 60.