Hong Ru (閎孺) (also Hong Yu, Hong Jiru) (fl. c. 190 BCE) was the favorite companion of the Chinese Emperor Hui of Han.[1][2][3] He and the emperor were also reputed to possibly be lovers.[3][4] Hong Ru had much influence with the emperor, and his dress and cosmetics were imitated by other courtiers in an attempt to impress the emperor. These noblemen began wearing feathers in their hats, powdering their faces, and dangling sea shells from their clothes.[5] Hong Yu was documented by China's Grand Historian Sima Qian.[6]

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  1. ^ Milburn, Olivia (2022-06-09). "Spring Colors in the Han Palace: A Late Qing Reappraisal of the Life of Empress Zhang (202-163 BCE)". NAN NÜ. 24 (1): 70–94. doi:10.1163/15685268-02410037. ISSN 1387-6805.
  2. ^ Shi, Liang (2014-10-23). Chinese Lesbian Cinema: Mirror Rubbing, Lala, and Les. Lexington Books. ISBN 978-0-7391-8848-4.
  3. ^ a b 小明雄 (1997). 中國同性愛史錄 (in Chinese). 粉紅三角出版社. ISBN 978-962-85160-1-8.
  4. ^ Hinsch, Bret (1990-08-10). Passions of the Cut Sleeve: The Male Homosexual Tradition in China. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-91265-6.
  5. ^ Crompton, Louis (2006-10-31). Homosexuality and Civilization. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-25355-1.
  6. ^ Stevenson, Mark; Wu, Cuncun (2013-02-11). Homoeroticism in Imperial China: A Sourcebook. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-13175-3.