Heteroecus sanctaeclarae, also known as the mushroom gall wasp (because it looks like a toadstool cottage in a children's book about woodland creatures), is a species of cynipid wasp that induces galls on huckleberry oaks and canyon live oaks on the Pacific coast of North America.[1][2]
| Heteroecus sanctaeclarae | |
|---|---|
| |
| San Mateo County, 2019 | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hymenoptera |
| Family: | Cynipidae |
| Genus: | Heteroecus |
| Species: | H. sanctaeclarae
|
| Binomial name | |
| Heteroecus sanctaeclarae (Fullaway, 1911)
| |
It has also been called the steeple gall wasp because the tops of the galls look like the onion domes of Eastern Orthodox churches.[3] The larval chamber lies in the bottom section at the seam between the two sections of the gall.[1] According to gallformers.org, the bud galls induced by this wasp come in many colors, including beige, grey, pink, purple, and white.[4]
This species may have first been described in 1911 by David T. Fullaway as Callirhytis sanctae-clarae.[5][6]
References edit
- ^ a b Russo, Ron (2006) [1979]. Field Guide to Plant Galls of California and Other Western States. California Natural History Guide No. 91 (Rev. ed.). Berkeley, Calif.: University of California Press. pp. 178–179. ISBN 978-0-520-24886-1. LCCN 2006009332. OCLC 65207054.
- ^ "Heteroecus sanctaeclarae". iNaturalist. Retrieved 2023-11-03.
- ^ Bryant, Peter (September 2013). "Inducers, Parasitoids, and Inquilines: Life Inside the Plant Gall" (PDF). Fremontia: Journal of the California Native Plant Society. Vol. 41, no. 3. Sacramento: California Native Plant Society. pp. 14–19.
- ^ "Heteroecus sanctae-clarae (agamic)". www.gallformers.org. Retrieved 2023-11-03.
- ^ McCracken, Isabel; Egbert, Dorothy (1922). California gall-making Cynipidae with descriptions of new species. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press. p. 39. hdl:2027/mdp.39015068533523. Retrieved 2023-11-03 – via HathiTrust.
- ^ Kinsey, Alfred C. (1922). "Studies of some new and described Cynipidae (Hymenoptera)". Bloomington, Ind.: University of Indiana Press. pp. 96–99. hdl:2027/hvd.32044107198277. Retrieved 2023-11-03 – via HathiTrust.
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