Hereditary angiopathy with nephropathy, aneurysms and muscle cramps syndrome is a rare genetic, multisystemic, COL4A1-related disorder, it is characterized by angiopathy, nephropathy, hematuria, development of kidney cysts, intracranial aneurysms (which have the potential to burst), childhood-onset muscle cramps, urinal, heart and ocular problems. Half of the people with this disorder (50%) have leukoencephalopathy, while a very small number of people with this disorder have Raynaud's phenomenon.[2][3][4][5]
| Hereditary angiopathy with nephropathy, aneurysms, and muscle cramps syndrome | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Specialty | Medical genetics |
| Causes | Mutation in COL4A1 gene |
| Diagnostic method | Genetic testing[1] |
Causes
editThis syndrome is caused by mutations in the COL4A1 gene, on the chromosome 13q34, this gene provides instructions for making one of the components necessary for the formation of a protein called type IV collagen, this protein is one of the main components for basement membranes throughout the body.[6]
The mutations of the gene causes the production of a protein that alters the structure of collagen type IV, because of this, the collagen molecules can't attach themselves to the basement membranes, and, without these networks, they turn unstable and thus weaken surrounding tissues, explaining the weakening of vasculature of ocular, renal, cerebral and muscular tissues.[7][8]
This disorder run in families following an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern [9][10]
Epidemiology
editAlthough the exact prevalence of this disorder isn't known, only six families affected by this disorder have been recorded in medical literature.[11]
References
edit- ^ "Hereditary Angiopathy with Nephropathy, Aneurysms, and Muscle Cramps Syndrome (COL4A1 Single Gene Test) | Fulgent Genetics".
- ^ "Hereditary angiopathy with nephropathy, aneurysms, and muscle cramps syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics".
- ^ "Hereditary angiopathy with nephropathy, aneurysms, and muscle cramps syndrome - About the Disease - Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center".
- ^ Bell, Daniel; Sharma, Rohit (1 October 2017), "Hereditary angiopathy with nephropathy, aneurysms, and muscle cramps syndrome", Radiopaedia.org, doi:10.53347/rid-55940, retrieved 24 June 2023
- ^ "Hereditary angiopathy with nephropathy, aneurysms, and muscle cramps syndrome | Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD) – an NCATS Program". 4 May 2022. Archived from the original on 4 May 2022. Retrieved 3 June 2022.
- ^ "COL4A1 gene: MedlinePlus Genetics".
- ^ "HEREDITARY ANGIOPATHY WITH NEPHROPATHY, ANEURYSMS AND MUSCLE CRAMPS (HANAC) SYNDROME Exeter Clinical Laboratory International".
- ^ Plaisier, Emmanuelle; Gribouval, Olivier; Alamowitch, Sonia; Mougenot, Béatrice; Prost, Catherine; Verpont, Marie Christine; Marro, Béatrice; Desmettre, Thomas; Cohen, Salomon Yves; Roullet, Etienne; Dracon, Michel; Fardeau, Michel; Van Agtmael, Tom; Kerjaschki, Dontscho; Antignac, Corinne; Ronco, Pierre (2007). "COL4A1Mutations and Hereditary Angiopathy, Nephropathy, Aneurysms, and Muscle Cramps". New England Journal of Medicine. 357 (26): 2687–2695. doi:10.1056/nejmoa071906. PMID 18160688.
- ^ "Hereditary angiopathy with nephropathy, aneurysms, and muscle cramps syndrome". 16 June 2022.
- ^ "Angiopathy, Hereditary, with Nephropathy, Aneurysms, and Muscle Cramps disease: Malacards - Research Articles, Drugs, Genes, Clinical Trials". Retrieved 11 August 2023.
- ^ "Orphanet: HANAC syndrome".