Herald of the Morning was one of the few clipper ships with a passage to San Francisco in less than 100 days.
| History | |
|---|---|
 United States | |
| Name | Herald of the Morning |
| Owner | Thatcher Magoun & Co |
| Builder | Hayden & Cudworth, Medford, MA[1] |
| Launched | Dec. 1853 |
| Acquired | 1875, "Sold to James B. Tibbets and Isaac Benham for $25,000"[2] |
| Norway | |
| Port of registry |  Norway Arendal |
| Acquired | 1879 |
| Notes | Rigged as a bark[3] |
| United Kingdom | |
| Owner | W.J. Smith |
| Port of registry |  United Kingdom |
| Acquired | 1890[1][4] |
| Fate | Not listed 1891[5] |
| General characteristics | |
| Class and type | Medium clipper ship |
| Tons burthen | 1294 tons OM, 1108 tons NM |
| Length | 203 ft (62 m) |
| Beam | 38 ft (12 m) |
| Draft | 23 ft 6 in (7.16 m) |
| Armament | "Two fancy brass cannon mounted on her poop deck"[3] |
Construction
editHerald of the Morning was designed by Samuel Hartt Pook. 'Her lines were sharp, approaching those of an actual clipper, yet she could carry in dead weight close to 1600 tons."[3] The Mauritius Commercial Gazeteer described the bow of Herald of the Morning as "so sharp as to take the form of a razor, the keel forming the edge; there are no rails at the bow, which is quite unencumbered".[2][4] An 1854 Boston Daily Atlas writer was impressed by the beauty of her accommodations, and described the ship's overall appearance thus: "Her stern is oval in outline, and is finely ornamented with gilded carved work. She is sheathed with yellow metal, and is painted black outside; inside she is white, and the waterways blue, and her rack rail is covered with yellow metal fore and aft."[6]
Named after ancient goddess
editThe name Herald of the Morning refers to Eos (Greek) or Aurora (Roman) the Goddess of Dawn.[5] Her figurehead was a "full figure of Aurora ... placed to correspond with the inclination of the cutwater."[6]
Voyages
editHerald of the Morning had a reputation for speed. She made 18 passages around Cape Horn during the 20 years she was under the U.S. flag, and two homeward trips around the Cape of Good Hope.[3]
Boston to San Francisco, Capt. Baker, 106 days, 1854 (Was within 180 mi. of the Golden Gate 100 days out)
New York to San Francisco, Capt. Lathrop, 130 days, 1857
Boston to San Francisco, Capt. Baker, arriving March 18, 1859, 116 days
Boston to San Francisco, Capt. Mitchell, arriving May 25, 1860, 108 days[1][7]
Record California passage in 1855
editHerald of the Morning made the fastest passage of the year from New York City to San Francisco, arriving May 16, 1855
100 days, 6 hours, anchor to anchor
99 days, 12 hours, pilot to pilot
Best day's run, 340 mi.[1]
After this passage, she took a load of guano to Mauritius, arriving Dec. 7 1855, under Captain Otis Baker Jr.[4]
Locomotive transport
editHerald of the Morning left Boston on May 16, 1863, carrying Central Pacific locomotive No. 1 Gov. Stanford, and arrived in San Francisco on September 20, 1863, after a voyage of 117 days.[8][9]
Struck by a sperm whale
editHerald of the Morning was struck by a very large sperm whale off Cape Horn in 1859. The whale sustained severe injuries. “The ship lost part of her stem, and the pumps had to be kept going until her arrival at destination.”[1]
Painting of the ship
edit- Herald of the Morning Archived 2011-07-16 at the Wayback Machine, by Charles Lundgren
References
edit- ^ a b c d e Gleason, Hall (1937). Old Ships and Ship-Building Days of Medford. Medford, MA: J.C. Miller. p. 76.
- ^ a b Bruzelius, Lars (2001-02-03). "Sailing Ships:"Herald of the Morning" (1853)". Herald of the Morning. The Maritime History Virtual Archives. Retrieved June 1, 2010.
- ^ a b c d Howe, Octavius T; Matthews, Frederick C. (1986) [Reprint of 1926-1927 ed.]. American Clipper Ships 1833-1858. Volume 1, Adelaide-Lotus. New York: Dover Publications. pp. 260. ISBN 978-0486251158.
- ^ a b c Cutler, Carl C. (1960). Greyhounds of the Sea. Annapolis, MD: United States Naval Institute. pp. 314–315, 428, 499.
- ^ a b Crothers, William L. (1997). The American-Built Clipper Ship, 1850-1856: Characteristics, Construction, Details. Camden, ME: International Marine. pp. xii. ISBN 0-07-014501-6.
- ^ a b Bruzelius, Lars (1999). "Newspaper Accounts: The New Clipper Ship "Herald of the Morning"". The New Clipper Ship "Herald of the Morning". The Maritime History Virtual Archives. Retrieved June 7, 2010.
- ^ Cutler, Carl C. (1960). Greyhounds of the Sea. Annapolis, MD: United States Naval Institute. pp. 494, 513.
- ^ "Vessels/Voyages That Delivered Locomotives to California and Oregon, 1850-1869, Listed in Order of Arrival". Central Pacific Railroad Photographic History Museum. 2002. Retrieved June 12, 2010.
- ^ "Exhibits - Central Pacific Railroad No. 1 Gov. Stanford". California State Railroad Museum. Retrieved August 29, 2020.
External links
edit- Calculations of clipper ship Herald of the Morning
- Description in the Boston Daily Atlas, January 1854
- Description in the U.S. Nautical Magazine, by John W. Griffiths
- Race to San Francisco with Flying Cloud, Era of the Clipper Ships
- Central Pacific Railroad 56 lb./yd. rail that was shipped on Herald of the Morning, used between Sacramento City and Colfax, Placer Co., Cal.