Helconinae is a subfamily of braconid wasps in the family Braconidae.
| Helconinae | |
|---|---|
| |
| Wroughtonia ligator | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hymenoptera |
| Family: | Braconidae |
| Subfamily: | Helconinae Forster, 1862 |
Taxonomy and phylogeny edit
Helconinae has historically been a large subfamily of 4 tribes comprising about 40 genera.[1] Following many changes to classification and included groups over the years, only one of these original tribes, Helconini, remains. Cenocoeliini was split into a new subfamily, Cenocoeliinae, by van Achterberg in 1984.[2] Then, the tribes Brachistini and Diospilini were split into another new subfamily, Brachistinae, by Sharanowski et al. in 2011.[3] The remaining Helconini comprise about 12 genera.[1] The Helconini subtribe Vervootihelconina was since elevated to tribal status as Vervootihelconini. The enigmatic Ussurohelconini, previously transferred to Cenocoeliinae, was again recovered as a tribe of Helconinae.[4][3]
Genera edit
The following genera belong to the subfamily Helconinae:
Tribe Helconini Förster, 1863 edit
- Acarohelcon van Achterberg et Chen, 2017[5]
- Austrohelcon Turner, 1918[6]
- Calohelcon Turner, 1918[6]
- Eumacrocentrus Ashmead, 1900[7]
- Helcon Nees von Esenbeck, 1812[6][5]
- Mangshia van Achterberg & Chen, 2004[8]
- Parahelcon Kokujew, 1901[6]
- Trichiohelcon Turuer, 1918[6]
- Wroughtonia Cameron, 1899[5]
Tribe Ussurohelconini van Achterberg, 1994 edit
- Ussurohelcon Belokobylskij, 1989
Tribe Vervoortihelconini van Achterberg, 1997 edit
- Vervoortihelcon van Achterberg, 1998[9]
References edit
- ^ a b Wharton, Robert A.; Marsh, Paul M.; Sharkey, Michael J. (2017). Manual Of The New World Genera Of The Family Braconidae (Hymenoptera) 2nd Edition. International Society of Hymenopterists. ISBN 978-0692944820.
- ^ van Achterberg, Cornelis (1984). "Essay on the phylogeny of Braconidae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonoidea)". Entomologisk Tidskrift. 105: 41–58.
- ^ a b Sharanowski, Barbara J.; Dowling, Ashley P.G.; Sharkey, Michael J. (2011). "Molecular phylogenetics of Braconidae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonoidea) based on multiple nuclear genes, and implications for classification". Systematic Entomology. 36: 549–572. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3113.2011.00580.x.
- ^ Ghahari, Hassan; Shaw, Scott Richard; Gadallah, Neveen Samy; Sharkey, Michael J. (2022). "15. Subfamily Helconinae Foerster, 1863". In Gadallah, Neveen Samy; Ghahari, Hassan; Shaw, Scott Richard (eds.). Braconidae of the Middle East (Hymenoptera) Taxonomy, Distribution, Biology, and Biocontrol Benefits of Parasitoid Wasps. Elsevier Science. p. 356-358. doi:10.1016/B978-0-323-96099-1.00012-1.
- ^ a b c Yan, Cheng-Jin; Van Achterberg, Cornelis; He, Jun-Hua; Chen, Xue-Xin (2017). "Review of the tribe Helconini Foerster s.s. from China, with the description of 18 new species". Zootaxa. 4291 (3): 401–457. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4291.3.1.
- ^ a b c d e Parrott, arthur W. (1953). "A Systematic Catalogue of Australian Braconidae". Pacific Science. 7: 193–218.
- ^ Krombein, Karl V.; Hurd Jr., Paul D. Jr.; Smith, David R.; Burks, B.D., eds. (1979). Catalog of Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico. Smithsonian Institution Press. Retrieved 2018-04-11.
- ^ Van Achterberg, Cornelis; Chen, Xuexin (2004). "Six new genera of Braconidae (Hymenoptera) from China". Zoologische Mededelingen. 78: 77–100.
- ^ Quicke, Donald L.J.; Ward, Darren F.; Butcher, Buntika A. (2019). "First host record and morphological notes on the rare Chilean wasp Vervoortihelcon scaramozzinoi van Achterberg (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Helconinae, Vervoortihelconini)". Journal of Hymenoptera Research. 68: 13–16. doi:10.3897/jhr.68.32954.
External links edit
Media related to Helconinae at Wikimedia Commons
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