Ha (Javanese)

ꦲ
ha
	Aksara nglegena
	Aksara pasangan
	Javanese script
Latin orthography	ha, a
Phoneme	[h], [ɔ], [a]
Unicode	A9B2

ꦲ (ha), is a syllable in the Javanese script which represent the sound /hɔ/ or /ha/. The letter can also represent a null consonant, in which it would be pronounced as /ɔ/ or /a/. It is commonly transliterated to Latin as "ha" or "a" and sometimes as "ho" and "o".

This article contains letters from the Javanese script. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Javanese characters.

Pasangan

The letter's pasangan (◌꧀ꦲ) is one of six which are located on the right hand side of previous syllable, making it possible to stack two pasangans without the use of pangkon.

Extended form

ꦲ doesn't have a murda form.

Final consonant

ꦲ has a syllable-final form called wignyan (ꦃ) which replaces ha-pangkon combination. For example: "gajah" (elephant) is written as ꦒꦗꦃ, not ꦒꦗꦲ꧀

Glyphs

Nglegena forms				Pasangan forms
ꦲ ha	ꦲꦃ hah	ꦲꦁ hang	ꦲꦂ har	◌꧀ꦲ -ha	◌꧀ꦲꦃ -hah	◌꧀ꦲꦁ -hang	◌꧀ꦲꦂ -har
ꦲꦺ he	ꦲꦺꦃ heh	ꦲꦺꦁ heng	ꦲꦺꦂ her	◌꧀ꦲꦺ -he	◌꧀ꦲꦺꦃ -heh	◌꧀ꦲꦺꦁ -heng	◌꧀ꦲꦺꦂ -her
ꦲꦼ hê	ꦲꦼꦃ hêh	ꦲꦼꦁ hêng	ꦲꦼꦂ hêr	◌꧀ꦲꦼ -hê	◌꧀ꦲꦼꦃ -hêh	◌꧀ꦲꦼꦁ -hêng	◌꧀ꦲꦼꦂ -hêr
ꦲꦶ hi	ꦲꦶꦃ hih	ꦲꦶꦁ hing	ꦲꦶꦂ hir	◌꧀ꦲꦶ -hi	◌꧀ꦲꦶꦃ -hih	◌꧀ꦲꦶꦁ -hing	◌꧀ꦲꦶꦂ -hir
ꦲꦺꦴ ho	ꦲꦺꦴꦃ hoh	ꦲꦺꦴꦁ hong	ꦲꦺꦴꦂ hor	◌꧀ꦲꦺꦴ -ho	◌꧀ꦲꦺꦴꦃ -hoh	◌꧀ꦲꦺꦴꦁ -hong	◌꧀ꦲꦺꦴꦂ -hor
ꦲꦸ hu	ꦲꦸꦃ huh	ꦲꦸꦁ hung	ꦲꦸꦂ hur	◌꧀ꦲꦸ -hu	◌꧀ꦲꦸꦃ -huh	◌꧀ꦲꦸꦁ -hung	◌꧀ꦲꦸꦂ -hur
ꦲꦿ hra	ꦲꦿꦃ hrah	ꦲꦿꦁ hrang	ꦲꦿꦂ hrar	◌꧀ꦲꦿ -hra	◌꧀ꦲꦿꦃ -hrah	◌꧀ꦲꦿꦁ -hrang	◌꧀ꦲꦿꦂ -hrar
ꦲꦿꦺ hre	ꦲꦿꦺꦃ hreh	ꦲꦿꦺꦁ hreng	ꦲꦿꦺꦂ hrer	◌꧀ꦲꦿꦺ -hre	◌꧀ꦲꦿꦺꦃ -hreh	◌꧀ꦲꦿꦺꦁ -hreng	◌꧀ꦲꦿꦺꦂ -hrer
ꦲꦽ hrê	ꦲꦽꦃ hrêh	ꦲꦽꦁ hrêng	ꦲꦽꦂ hrêr	◌꧀ꦲꦽ -hrê	◌꧀ꦲꦽꦃ -hrêh	◌꧀ꦲꦽꦁ -hrêng	◌꧀ꦲꦽꦂ -hrêr
ꦲꦿꦶ hri	ꦲꦿꦶꦃ hrih	ꦲꦿꦶꦁ hring	ꦲꦿꦶꦂ hrir	◌꧀ꦲꦿꦶ -hri	◌꧀ꦲꦿꦶꦃ -hrih	◌꧀ꦲꦿꦶꦁ -hring	◌꧀ꦲꦿꦶꦂ -hrir
ꦲꦿꦺꦴ hro	ꦲꦿꦺꦴꦃ hroh	ꦲꦿꦺꦴꦁ hrong	ꦲꦿꦺꦴꦂ hror	◌꧀ꦲꦿꦺꦴ -hro	◌꧀ꦲꦿꦺꦴꦃ -hroh	◌꧀ꦲꦿꦺꦴꦁ -hrong	◌꧀ꦲꦿꦺꦴꦂ -hror
ꦲꦿꦸ hru	ꦲꦿꦸꦃ hruh	ꦲꦿꦸꦁ hrung	ꦲꦿꦸꦂ hrur	◌꧀ꦲꦿꦸ -hru	◌꧀ꦲꦿꦸꦃ -hruh	◌꧀ꦲꦿꦸꦁ -hrung	◌꧀ꦲꦿꦸꦂ -hrur
ꦲꦾ hya	ꦲꦾꦃ hyah	ꦲꦾꦁ hyang	ꦲꦾꦂ hyar	◌꧀ꦲꦾ -hya	◌꧀ꦲꦾꦃ -hyah	◌꧀ꦲꦾꦁ -hyang	◌꧀ꦲꦾꦂ -hyar
ꦲꦾꦺ hye	ꦲꦾꦺꦃ hyeh	ꦲꦾꦺꦁ hyeng	ꦲꦾꦺꦂ hyer	◌꧀ꦲꦾꦺ -hye	◌꧀ꦲꦾꦺꦃ -hyeh	◌꧀ꦲꦾꦺꦁ -hyeng	◌꧀ꦲꦾꦺꦂ -hyer
ꦲꦾꦼ hyê	ꦲꦾꦼꦃ hyêh	ꦲꦾꦼꦁ hyêng	ꦲꦾꦼꦂ hyêr	◌꧀ꦲꦾꦼ -hyê	◌꧀ꦲꦾꦼꦃ -hyêh	◌꧀ꦲꦾꦼꦁ -hyêng	◌꧀ꦲꦾꦼꦂ -hyêr
ꦲꦾꦶ hyi	ꦲꦾꦶꦃ hyih	ꦲꦾꦶꦁ hying	ꦲꦾꦶꦂ hyir	◌꧀ꦲꦾꦶ -hyi	◌꧀ꦲꦾꦶꦃ -hyih	◌꧀ꦲꦾꦶꦁ -hying	◌꧀ꦲꦾꦶꦂ -hyir
ꦲꦾꦺꦴ hyo	ꦲꦾꦺꦴꦃ hyoh	ꦲꦾꦺꦴꦁ hyong	ꦲꦾꦺꦴꦂ hyor	◌꧀ꦲꦾꦺꦴ -hyo	◌꧀ꦲꦾꦺꦴꦃ -hyoh	◌꧀ꦲꦾꦺꦴꦁ -hyong	◌꧀ꦲꦾꦺꦴꦂ -hyor
ꦲꦾꦸ hyu	ꦲꦾꦸꦃ hyuh	ꦲꦾꦸꦁ hyung	ꦲꦾꦸꦂ hyur	◌꧀ꦲꦾꦸ -hyu	◌꧀ꦲꦾꦸꦃ -hyuh	◌꧀ꦲꦾꦸꦁ -hyung	◌꧀ꦲꦾꦸꦂ -hyur

Orthography

There are several rules regarding the writing of ꦲ, whether pronounced as "ha" or "a".

ꦲ in front of a word is always transliterated as "a", except for foreign loan words. The same rule applies when sandhangan swara (vowel diacritics) is used.
- Read as "a": ꦲꦏꦸ - aku (me), ꦲꦺꦴꦫ - ora (not), ꦲꦶꦭꦁ - ilang (lost)
- Read as "ha": ꦲꦗꦶ - haji (hajj), ꦲꦺꦴꦠꦺꦭ꧀ - hotèl, ꦲꦶꦏ꧀ꦩꦠ꧀ - hikmat (wisdom)
(Whether a word is considered a native Javanese or not will depend on the dictionary definition.)
ꦲ in the middle of a word is almost always transliterated as "ha".
- ꦠꦲꦸ - tahu (tofu), not tau
- ꦫꦲꦪꦸ - ra-hayu (blessed), not rah-ayu (from root word ꦲꦪꦸ ayu (beauty))
With the exception
- Certain words such as ꦩꦲꦺꦴꦱ꧀ - maos (reading) or ꦏꦺꦴꦱ꧀ - kaos (shirt)
- Words that end with "a" and has suffix -a, such as ꦲꦤꦲ - ana-a (let there be)
- Reduplicated word, where ꦲ in the beginning of the second word always transliterated as "a"
In root word that ends with /h/ sound (in this sense, using wignyan) and has suffix (-i, -an, etc.), ꦲ (as in "ha") is added before the suffix.
- ꦥꦤꦼꦩ꧀ꦧꦃꦲꦤ꧀ - panembah-han (to address a royalty), from the root word ꦤꦼꦩ꧀ꦧꦃ - nembah (to bow, to respect)
Root words that end with a vowel sound and have suffix -ake, its suffix is written as ꦏ꧀ꦲꦏꦺ
- ꦏꦠꦩ꧀ꦠꦺꦴꦏ꧀ꦲꦏꦺ - katamtokaké (have been chosen), not katamtokhaké, from the root word ꦠꦩ꧀ꦠꦸ - tamtu - (certain)
ꦲ are added in front of root words with prefix ng-, ny-, m-, and n-, although this is not mandatory.
- ꦲꦔꦤ꧀ꦢꦶꦏ - ngandika (said), not hangandika nor angandika
Root words that start with ꦲ with added prefix pi- or pri-, the syllable ꦲ become ꦪ (ya)
- ꦥꦶꦪꦒꦼꦩ꧀ - piyagem, from root word ꦲꦒꦼꦩ꧀ - agem.

Unicode block

Javanese script was added to the Unicode Standard in October, 2009 with the release of version 5.2.

Javanese^[1]^[2] Official Unicode Consortium code chart (PDF)
	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	A	B	C	D	E	F
U+A98x	ꦀ	ꦁ	ꦂ	ꦃ	ꦄ	ꦅ	ꦆ	ꦇ	ꦈ	ꦉ	ꦊ	ꦋ	ꦌ	ꦍ	ꦎ	ꦏ
U+A99x	ꦐ	ꦑ	ꦒ	ꦓ	ꦔ	ꦕ	ꦖ	ꦗ	ꦘ	ꦙ	ꦚ	ꦛ	ꦜ	ꦝ	ꦞ	ꦟ
U+A9Ax	ꦠ	ꦡ	ꦢ	ꦣ	ꦤ	ꦥ	ꦦ	ꦧ	ꦨ	ꦩ	ꦪ	ꦫ	ꦬ	ꦭ	ꦮ	ꦯ
U+A9Bx	ꦰ	ꦱ	ꦲ	꦳	ꦴ	ꦵ	ꦶ	ꦷ	ꦸ	ꦹ	ꦺ	ꦻ	ꦼ	ꦽ	ꦾ	ꦿ
U+A9Cx	꧀	꧁	꧂	꧃	꧄	꧅	꧆	꧇	꧈	꧉	꧊	꧋	꧌	꧍		ꧏ
U+A9Dx	꧐	꧑	꧒	꧓	꧔	꧕	꧖	꧗	꧘	꧙					꧞	꧟
Notes 1.^ As of Unicode version 16.0 2.^ Grey areas indicate non-assigned code points

References

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ha
Aksara nglegena
Aksara pasangan
Javanese script
Latin orthography	ha, a
Phoneme	[h], [ɔ], [a]
Unicode	A9B2