Gunter Rettner (28 January 1942 – 11 December 1998) was a German politician and functionary of the Free German Youth (FDJ) and the Socialist Unity Party (SED).
Gunter Rettner | |
|---|---|
 Rettner (centre) between Oskar Lafontaine and Hans Modrow in 1985 | |
| Head of the West Department of the Central Committee | |
| In office 28 October 1985 – 3 December 1989 | |
| Secretary | |
| Deputy |
|
| Preceded by | Herbert Häber |
| Succeeded by | Position abolished |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Gunter Rettner 28 January 1942 Zeitz, Province of Saxony, Free State of Prussia, Nazi Germany (now Saxony-Anhalt, Germany) |
| Died | 11 December 1998 (aged 56) Finowfurt, Brandenburg, Germany |
| Political party | Socialist Unity Party (1963–1989) |
| Alma mater | |
| Occupation |
|
| Awards |
|
Central institution membership
Other offices held
| |
In the German Democratic Republic, during the the 1980s, a period of German-German rapprochement, he served as head of the powerful Department for International Politics and Economics (previously known as West Department) of the SED Central Committee. In this role, he held contacts with many West German politicians.
Life and career
editEarly career
editThe son of an industrial clerk and a seamstress, Rettner completed an apprenticeship as a bricklayer in Zeitz and Gera after attending primary and secondary school, and then worked in that profession for some time. At the beginning of his apprenticeship, he joined the FDJ (Free German Youth) in 1956, served as Secretary of the FDJ in Gera from 1962 to 1964 and became a member of the ruling SED (Socialist Unity Party) in 1963.[1]
From 1964 to 1965, he studied at the Central Komsomol school in Moscow and, upon his return, served as Secretary for Agitation and Propaganda of the FDJ in Gera until 1968. During this period, he also had contacts with representatives of the Socialist Youth of Germany – The Falcons, a youth organisation of the Social Democratic Party.[2] Subsequently, he was initially the Deputy Head of the Central Working Group (ZAG) in the Central Council of the FDJ and then studied at the CPSU Higher Party School "W. I. Lenin" in Moscow from 1971 to 1974, graduating with a diploma in social sciences (Dipl.-Ges.-Wiss.).[1]
Upon his return to the GDR, he first served as Head of the ZAG Department in the Central Council of the FDJ until 1975, and then from 1975 to 1983, he was Secretary of the Central Council for Western Affairs and a member of the Bureau of the Central Council of the FDJ, thus being part of the highest leadership body of the youth organization of the SED and one of the closest collaborators of the then First Secretary of the Central Council, Egon Krenz. In 1975, he was also appointed as a representative of the FDJ to the Presidium of the Peace Council of the GDR.[1]
After leaving the FDJ, he became Deputy Head of the West Department of the SED Central Committee in 1983, which was renamed the Department for International Politics and Economics (IPW) in 1984.[1]
West Department Head
editIn 1985, Department Head Herbert Häber became a victim of an intrigue directed against him and his political objectives. He was isolated, bullied and removed and ultimately institutionalized in August 1985, as a scapegoat for the worsening relationship with the Soviet Union. Rettner succeeded Häber as Department Head in October 1985.[1][3]
Having been elected as a candidate member in April 1986 (XI. Party Congress), Rettner rose to become a full member of the Central Committee of the SED in December 1988, serving until its collective resignation in December 1989.[1] In 1989, he briefly also served as Head of the clandestine Central Committee Traffic Department, responsible for courier services and secret financing of the West German Communist Party, succeeding Julius Cebulla.
As Head of the Department for International Politics and Economics, he had significant contacts with the West German, SEW (Socialist Unity Party of West Berlin)[4] and leading SPD (Social Democratic Party of Germany) politicians such as Gerhard Schröder, Anke Fuchs, Peter Glotz and particularly Oskar Lafontaine, including from the Berlin state association. In 1984, he was initially an "observer" and then in 1988, even a "guest" at the SPD Berlin state party conventions.[5]: 473 Regular discussions were also held with CDU (Christian Democratic Union) and CSU (Christian Social Union) politicians.[6]
As the head of the Central Committee department responsible for Western policy, he wrote a report to SED General Secretary Erich Honecker in March 1987 about a meeting with Harry Ristock, a longstanding figure in the Berlin SPD. The two had met in West Berlin to prepare for the annual round of talks between representatives of the SED Central Committee and the leadership of the Berlin SPD. However, Ristock first described the discussion within the SPD party board regarding the recently lost Bundestag election. The focus now was on quickly "opening the party to possible coalition partners outside the CDU/CSU and winning the majority with Oskar Lafontaine in 1991." Oskar Lafontaine was the favorite of Willy Brandt and, in a sense, also "a grandson of Erich Honecker" as a "double-grandson." The two got along excellently, and "it would be a blessing for both parties and states if Erich Honecker remained General Secretary for a long time and Oskar Lafontaine became the new party chairman."[7]
In the fall of 1987, a meeting took place with another senior SPD politician, Karsten Voigt, a member of the Bundestag and the party’s foreign policy spokesman. Voigt handed Rettner copies of NATO analyses and position papers—before they were finalized and approved by the North Atlantic Assembly (now: NATO Parliamentary Assembly). This is documented in an internal SED protocol from 27 October 1987. Proud of his exclusive acquisition, Rettner sent Voigt’s documents with "socialist greetings" to Politburo member Egon Krenz. The tables of contents of the documents reveal what Voigt must have handed to Comrade Rettner. The "Draft Report" from the subcommittee "Conventional Defense – New Strategies and Operational Concepts," written in September 1987, describes among other things the "concepts of air and ground warfare," the "modernization program" for chemical weapons, and the "nuclear threshold" in the defense strategy "Follow-on-Forces-Attack," or FOFA for short.[8][9][10]
When Oskar Lafontaine protested in late November 1987 against the search and arrest of seven employees of the Environmental Library of the Zion Church (Berlin) by the Ministry for State Security, Honecker feared a "change in direction" from Lafontaine. Consequently, Rettner visited Lafontaine at the Saarbrücken State Chancellery and directly addressed the issue in their conversation. He rejected any "interference in internal affairs," described the detainees as "people who acted against the laws of the GDR," and advocated "a realistic approach to normalizing relations between the two German states." Then followed the crucial sentence: "On the other hand, Lafontaine also benefited from the fact that relations between the GDR and Saarland are particularly good." In the protocol that Rettner prepared for the Politburo afterward, it was noted that Lafontaine "was visibly affected" and responded that it had "never been his intention" to "discredit Erich Honecker's policies," and that he had made his statement "primarily from an internal political perspective." Lafontaine then added that he had "deep trust" in the SED General Secretary.[11]
In April 1988, Rettner, along with Egon Krenz, then Secretary of the Central Committee of the SED for Security Issues, Youth, and Sport, participated in a meeting with Hans Otto Bräutigam, the Head of the Permanent Representation of West Germany to the GDR, concerning youth and sports exchanges between the West Germany and the GDR.
In 1977, Rettner was awarded the Patriotic Order of Merit in bronze and in 1983 in silver.[1]
Peaceful Revolution
editOn 1 October 1989, he received a letter from Dietmar Ahrens, then SEW Chairman, reporting on a conversation between Berlin's Governing Mayor Walter Momper and Valentin Falin, Head of the International Department of the CPSU Central Committee. Momper expressed rumors about a mass border breach in the GDR in connection with the 40th anniversary of the GDR.[5]: 360
Due to his close connections with Krenz, Rettner was considered by Krenz for a membership in the Politburo of the SED as part of a "rejuvenation" in October 1989, alongside Wolfgang Herger, Günther Jahn, Hartmut König, Helga Labs, Hans Modrow, Erich Postler, Wilfried Poßner, Hans-Joachim Willerding and Eberhard Aurich.[12]
In mid-November 1989, Rettner met with CDU Federal Treasurer Walther Leisler Kiep to prepare a meeting with the Chief of the Federal Chancellery, Rudolf Seiters. A conversation protocol from 16 November 1989, confirms that the Kohl government, even under Krenz, was committed to the continued existence of the SED state. Bonn was prepared to support the struggling comrades with extensive aid measures. In a four-hour conversation on 15 November 1989, at the East Berlin Palace Hotel, Rettner and Kiep prepared a visit from Chancellery Chief Seiters.[13][14]
Reunified Germany
editIn 1990, Rettner, alongside Hartmut König, another former Secretary of the Central Council of the FDJ, worked on Egon Krenz’s book "When Walls Fall. The Peaceful Revolution. Background – Course – Impact."[1][15]
Later, he, along with Klaus Eichler and Frank Bochow, also former FDJ officials, became a partner in Touristik-Union-Kontakt International GmbH (TUK), a company whose assets came from the SED.[16]
Rettner passed away in Finowfurt in 1998 at the age of 56.[1]
References
edit- ^ a b c d e f g h i "Rettner, Gunter". www.bundesstiftung-aufarbeitung.de (in German). Federal Foundation for the Reappraisal of the SED Dictatorship. 2009. Retrieved 2024-07-13.
- ^ Eppe, Heinrich; Herrmann, Ulrich; Herrmann, Ulrich; Archiv der Arbeiterjugendbewegung, eds. (2008). Sozialistische Jugend im 20. Jahrhundert: Studien zur Entwicklung und politischen Praxis der Arbeiterjugendbewegung in Deutschland. Materialien zur historischen Jugendforschung (in German). Weinheim München: Juventa Verlag. p. 286. ISBN 978-3-7799-1136-4.
- ^ Amos, Heike (2015). Die SED-Deutschlandpolitik 1961 bis 1989: Ziele, Aktivitäten und Konflikte. V&R Academic (in German). Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht GmbH & Co., KG. p. 95. ISBN 978-3-525-30077-0. OCLC 918591408.
- ^ Niederstadt, Jenny (1999). „Erbitten Anweisung!“. Die West-Berliner SEW und ihre Tageszeitung „Die Wahrheit“ auf SED-Kurs (PDF). Schriftenreihe des Berliner Landesbeauftragten für die Unterlagen des Staatssicherheitsdienstes der ehemaligen DDR (in German). Vol. 9. Berlin. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-03-17. Retrieved 2024-07-13.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ a b Kunze, Gerhard (1999). Grenzerfahrungen: Kontakte und Verhandlungen zwischen dem Land Berlin und der DDR 1949-1989. Studien des Forschungsverbundes SED-Staat an der Freien Universität Berlin (in German). Berlin: Akademie Verl. ISBN 978-3-05-003442-3.
- ^ "Von der Konfrontation zum Dialog". bpb.de. Aus Politik und Zeitgeschichte (in German). Federal Agency for Civic Education. 2003-10-29. Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2024-07-13.
- ^ Staadt, Jochen (1996-02-26). "Das tiefe Vertrauen des „Doppel-Enkels"". focus.de (in German). Focus. Archived from the original on 2016-05-29. Retrieved 2024-07-13.
- ^ Hufelschulte, Josef; Most, Sandro; Thalmann, Carl; Vernier, Robert (2005-02-14). "Geheime Nato-Pläne verraten?". focus.de (in German). Focus. Archived from the original on 2017-04-25. Retrieved 2024-07-13.
- ^ Reuth, Ralf Georg (2005-02-12). "Nato-Unterlagen für den alten Freund in der SED". welt.de (in German). Die Welt. Retrieved 2024-07-13.
- ^ Förster, Andreas (2006-05-31). "Unglaublich, aber doch wahr: Weil sich ein Journalist für Karsten Voigt interessierte, interessierte sich auch der BND für den Politiker. Und denunzierte ihn bei der Bundesanwaltschaft: Spione im Archiv". berliner-zeitung.de (in German). Berliner Zeitung. Archived from the original on 2016-06-01. Retrieved 2024-07-13.
- ^ "Oskar und die Pioniere". www.cicero.de (in German). Cicero. Retrieved 2024-07-13.
- ^ Krenz, Egon (1989-11-07). "DDR – Krenz Tagesbericht u. a.Politbürositzung der SED; Anruf des tschechoslowakischen Parteichefs Jakes". 2plus4.de (in German). Archived from the original on 2015-12-04. Retrieved 2024-07-13.
- ^ Habbe, Christian; Mascolo, Georg; Pötzl, Norbert F. (1999-11-14). "»Stasi in die Produktion«". Der Spiegel (in German). ISSN 2195-1349. Retrieved 2024-07-13.
- ^ "»FEUER NICHT ENTFACHEN«". Der Spiegel (in German). 1994-09-18. ISSN 2195-1349. Retrieved 2024-07-13.
- ^ Bollinger, Stefan (1999). DDR 1989/1990 – vom Aufbruch zum Anschluß (PDF). UTOPIE kreativ (in German). Förderverein Konkrete Utopien e.V. pp. 110–121. Retrieved 2024-07-13.
- ^ "»SED-Kohle retten«". Der Spiegel (in German). 1991-05-12. ISSN 2195-1349. Retrieved 2024-07-13.