Gunfield is a large detached Gothic Revival house in Norham Gardens, North Oxford, a Victorian suburb of Oxford, England.[1] It was designed by the architect Frederick Codd (1799–1881) and completed in 1877. It is located on the Norham Manor estate, backing onto the University Parks, at the junction of Norham Gardens and Fyfield Road, close to Lady Margaret Hall, an Oxford college. The house was Grade II listed in 1992.[2]
| Gunfield | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Alternative names | 19 Norham Gardens |
| General information | |
| Status | St Edmund Hall Graduate Centre |
| Type | House |
| Architectural style | Gothic Revival |
| Address | 19 Norham Gardens, Oxford OX2 6PS, UK |
| Town or city | Oxford |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Coordinates | 51°45′51.181″N 1°15′17.104″W / 51.76421694°N 1.25475111°W |
| Year(s) built | 1876–7 |
| Construction started | 1876 |
| Completed | 1877 |
| Owner | Mary Jephson; Norah Jephson; Lady Margaret Hall; St Edmund Hall |
| Technical details | |
| Material | Brick |
| Floor count | 4 |
| Design and construction | |
| Architect(s) | Frederick Codd |
The house is built in red brick with stone dressings.[3] It has tall chimneys and gables separated by a tower at the front, and with a tiled roof. There are two main storeys, attic rooms, and a semi-basement (four storeys in total). A loggia with a balustrade was added to the rear in the early 20th century.[4] The house included fireplaces with William De Morgan tiles.[5]
The first leaseholder was the philanthropist Mary Jephson (1823–1892),[6][7] who named the house "Gunfield". She lived there with her mother Ann Sarah Jephson (1796–1878), widow of the Rev. William Jephson, M.A., and some of her sisters.[8] She died at Gunfield in 1892 and was buried in St Sepulchre's Cemetery, Oxford. Her sister Norah Jephson, also a philanthropist, who was still living at Gunfield, died in 1899 at the home of her brother-in-law Harry Webb in Winchester. Norah Jephson left Gunfield in her will to her friend Elizabeth Wordsworth (1840–1932), the first Principal of the nearby women-only Lady Margaret Hall (LMH) during 1879–1909, for the use of the Hall.[8]
In 1909, a chapel was added to the site, designed by NW & GA Harrison.[9] A link to the chapel was added in 1915 by Arthur Hamilton Moberly. A three-storey loggia onto the rear garden was also built by Moberly at the same time. In the 1930s, a low single-storey service space and garage with a rectangular gazebo roof was added to the front of the former chapel (later a music room), and the existing chapel window was reconfigured.[9]
In the 20th century for almost five decades, Gunfield was the home of the Deneke family, including Helena Deneke (1878–1973), a bursar and German tutor at Lady Margaret Hall, and her younger sister, the pianist Margaret Deneke (1882–1969). The sisters held musical soirees at Gunfield,[10] attended by guests including Albert Einstein[11] and Albert Schweitzer.[12]
By the 1970s, the windows on the south side of the chapel had been blocked off by a fireplace and chimney, with the space occupied by a college Fellow.[9] In 1979, Gunfield came into the possession of St Edmund Hall, another Oxford college, which used the former chapel and music room as its Middle Common Room (MCR) for graduate students.[5] In 1992, Howes, Montgomery & Allen refurbished Gunfield for St Edmund Hall. The Rhodes Trust donated £25,000 towards the refurbishment.[13] The work undertaken included an extension to the link building, enclosure of the previously open verandah, rebuilding of the chimneys and roof, and new windows. At the same time, the building was Grade II listed.[2]
The building is now a Graduate Centre for St Edmund Hall, one of the Oxford University colleges, along with other houses in Norham Gardens used for its student accommodation.[14] As of 2023[update], the college is developing the site and the adjacent 17 Norham Gardens[15] as "Norham St Edmund" (NSE). During the initial archaeological search, a Roman copper-alloy brooch dating from around 40AD to 200AD was discovered on the site.[16]
References
edit- ^ "Gunfield". UK: Historic England. Retrieved 25 August 2024.
- ^ a b "Gunfield: A Grade II Listed Building in Oxford, Oxfordshire". British Listed Buildings. UK. Retrieved 25 August 2024.
- ^ "Gunfield, 19 Norham Gardens". The Victorian Web. Retrieved 25 August 2024.
- ^ "Rear view of Gunfield, 19 Norham Gardens, North Oxford". The Victorian Web. Retrieved 25 August 2024.
- ^ a b Bourne-Taaylor, Geoffrey (1993). "Gunfield". St Edmund Hall Magazine (1992–93). St Edmund Hall, Oxford. pp. 21–23. Retrieved 26 August 2024.
- ^ Hinchcliffe, Tanis (1992). North Oxford. Harvard University Press. p. 233. ISBN 0-300-05184-0.
- ^ "Mary JEPHSON". ancestry.co.uk. UK. Retrieved 26 August 2024.
- ^ a b "Mrs Ann Sarah JEPHSON, née Armroid (1796–1878)". stsepulchres.org.uk. UK: St Sepulchre's Cemetery. Retrieved 26 August 2024.
- ^ a b c "History of the Buildings: 19 Normal Gardens" (PDF). docs.planning.org.uk. UK: St Sepulchre's Cemetery. 2022. Retrieved 26 August 2024.
- ^ "Miss H. C. Deneke". The Times. 1 October 1973.
- ^ Robinson, Andrew (2024). Einstein in Oxford. Bodleian Library Publishing. pp. 44–50. ISBN 978-1-85124-638-0.
- ^ Curtis, Mavis (2015). The WI: A Centenary History. Amberley Publishing. pp. 78–79. ISBN 978-1-4456-1704-6.
- ^ "Gifts to the College". St Edmund Hall Magazine (1992–93). St Edmund Hall, Oxford. 1993. p. 8. Retrieved 26 August 2024.
- ^ "Accommodation for Postgraduates". UK: St Edmund Hall, Oxford. Retrieved 26 August 2024.
- ^ "Application number: 22/01842/FUL" (PDF). UK: Oxford City Planning Committee, Oxford City Council. 24 January 2023. Retrieved 26 August 2024.
- ^ "Exciting News from SDC's "Norham St Edmund' Site at St Edmund Hall, Oxford". sdc.co.uk. UK: SDC. 20 June 2024. Retrieved 26 August 2024.
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