Gould's toucanet

Gould's toucanet
Conservation status
	; Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Piciformes
Family:	Ramphastidae
Genus:	Selenidera
Species:	S. gouldii
Binomial name
	Selenidera gouldii; (Natterer, 1837)
Synonyms
	Pteroglossus gouldii;

Gould's toucanet (Selenidera gouldii) is a near-passerine bird in the toucan family Ramphastidae.^[2] It is found in Bolivia and Brazil.^[3]

Taxonomy and systematics

The tawny-tufted toucanet was originally described in the genus Pteroglossus.^[4] It has at times been considered conspecific with the spot-billed toucanet (S. maculirostris) and the two are sister species.^[5] It is monotypic.^[2]

The species' common name commemorates the English ornithologist and bird artist John Gould (1804–1881).^[6]

Description

Gould's toucanet is about 33 cm (13 in) long. Males weigh 138 to 209 g (4.9 to 7.4 oz) and females 131 to 183 g (4.6 to 6.5 oz). Males and females have the same bill pattern but the female's bill is shorter. The bill's maxilla has a narrow white base, a black middle, an orange-yellow outer third, and ivory "teeth" along the tomium. The mandible's inner half is ivory with a thin black area between it and the outer end's orange-yellow. Both sexes have bare green-yellow to blue skin around the eye and a golden-yellow tuft of feathers behind it; both are paler in the female. Adult males have a black head, nape, chin, throat, and belly. Their upperparts are green with a yellow band on the lower neck. Their tail is green with chestnut tips on the central one to three pairs of feathers. Their flanks are yellow and their undertail coverts are red. Females have chestnut where the male has black, yellower flanks, and a narrower yellow band on the back. Immatures are duller overall, usually without a yellow band on the back, and their bill's pattern is not sharp.^[7]

Distribution and habitat

Gould's toucanet is found in central and eastern Brazil south of the Amazon River between the Madeira River and the Atlantic ocean in the state of Ceará, and from there south as far as eastern Bolivia and the Brazilian state of Mato Grosso. It inhabits a variety of tropical forest types, primarily wet lowland and gallery forest but also palm, deciduous, and secondary forest. It favors tall forest (up to 40 m (130 ft) high) but on sandy soils occurs in areas with shorter trees. In elevation it ranges as high as 800 m (2,600 ft) in eastern Amazonia.^[7]

Behavior

Movement

As far as is known, Gould's toucanet is a year-round resident throughout its range.^[7]

Feeding

Gould's toucanet forages from the forest's undergrowth to its canopy, typically in pairs or groups of up to four. Its diet is known to include fruit and some animal matter but details are lacking.^[7]

Breeding

Gould's toucanet's breeding season is thought to be between May and September but somewhat shorter in the western part of its range. Its nest, eggs, incubation period, and time to fledging are not known.^[7]

Songs and calls

Listen to Gould's toucanet on xeno-canto

Vocalization

Gould's toucanet makes a "[s]eries of 'ggrawnk' to 'ggrraaw' notes".^[7] Its vocalization has also been described as a "very low, croaking, 'porc-porc-porc- -'."^[8]

Status

The IUCN has assessed Gould's toucanet as being of Least Concern. It has a large range but its population size is not known and is believed to be decreasing. No immediate threats have been identified.^[1] "This species’ ability to use second growth should favour it. Details of breeding and ecology are needed for possible monitoring."^[7]

References

^ ^a ^b BirdLife International (2016). "Gould's Toucanet Selenidera gouldii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22682096A92931217. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22682096A92931217.en. Retrieved 28 December 2022.
^ ^a ^b Gill, F.; Donsker, D.; Rasmussen, P., eds. (August 2022). "Jacamars, puffbirds, barbets, toucans, honeyguides". IOC World Bird List. v 12.2. Retrieved December 15, 2022.
^ Remsen, J. V., Jr., J. I. Areta, E. Bonaccorso, S. Claramunt, A. Jaramillo, D. F. Lane, J. F. Pacheco, M. B. Robbins, F. G. Stiles, and K. J. Zimmer. Version 24 July 2022. Species Lists of Birds for South American Countries and Territories. https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCCountryLists.htm retrieved July 24, 2022
^ Natterer, Johann (1835). "Pteroglossus Gouldii". Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London (in Latin). V: 44. Retrieved December 28, 2022.
^ Remsen, J. V., Jr., J. I. Areta, E. Bonaccorso, S. Claramunt, A. Jaramillo, D. F. Lane, J. F. Pacheco, M. B. Robbins, F. G. Stiles, and K. J. Zimmer. Version 24 July 2022. A classification of the bird species of South America. American Ornithological Society. https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm retrieved July 24, 2022
^ Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael (2003). Whose Bird? Men and Women Commemorated in the Common Names of Birds. London: Christopher Helm. pp. 145–146.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Short, L.L. and G. M. Kirwan (2020). Gould's Toucanet (Selenidera gouldii), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, D. A. Christie, and E. de Juana, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.goutou1.01 retrieved December 28, 2022
^ van Perlo, Ber (2009). A Field Guide to the Birds of Brazil. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-530155-7.