German submarine U-135 (1941)

German submarine U-135 was a Type VIIC U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II.

History
Nazi Germany
NameU-135
Ordered7 August 1939
BuilderBremer Vulkan, Bremen-Vegesack
Yard number14
Laid down16 September 1940
Launched12 June 1941[1]
Commissioned16 August 1941[2]
FateSunk, 15 July 1943[2]
General characteristics
Class and typeType VIIC submarine
Displacement
Length
Beam
  • 6.20 m (20 ft 4 in) o/a
  • 4.70 m (15 ft 5 in) pressure hull
Height9.60 m (31 ft 6 in)
Draught4.72 m (15 ft 6 in)
Installed power
  • 2,800–3,200 PS (2,100–2,400 kW; 2,800–3,200 bhp) (diesels)
  • 750 PS (550 kW; 740 shp) (electric)
Propulsion
Speed
  • 17.7 knots (32.8 km/h; 20.4 mph) surfaced
  • 7.6 knots (14.1 km/h; 8.7 mph) submerged
Range
  • 8,500 nmi (15,700 km; 9,800 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph) surfaced
  • 80 nmi (150 km; 92 mi) at 4 knots (7.4 km/h; 4.6 mph) submerged
Test depth
  • 230 m (750 ft)
  • Calculated crush depth: 250–295 m (820–968 ft)
Complement4 officers, 40–56 enlisted
Armament
Service record
Part of:
Identification codes: M 00 150
Commanders:
  • Kptlt. / Oblt.z.S. Friedrich-Hermann Praetorius
  • 16 August 1941 – November 1942
  • Oblt.z.S. Heinz Schütt
  • November 1942 – 3 June 1943
  • Oblt.z.S. Otto Luther
  • 4 June – 15 July 1943
Operations:
  • 7 patrols:
  • 1st patrol:
  • 24 December 1941 – 31 January 1942
  • 2nd patrol:
  • 22 February – 3 April 1942
  • 3rd patrol:
  • 26 April – 5 July 1942
  • 4th patrol:
  • 8 August – 3 October 1942
  • 5th patrol:
  • 21 November – 26 December 1942
  • 6th patrol:
  • 24 January – 10 March 1942
  • 7th patrol:
  • 7 June – 15 July 1943
Victories:
  • 3 merchant ships sunk
    (21,302 GRT)
  • 1 merchant ship damaged
    (4,762 GRT)

She was laid down at the Vulkan-Vegesackerwerft in Bremen on 16 September 1940 as yard number 14, launched on 12 June 1941 and commissioned on 16 August with Oberleutnant zur See Friederich-Hermann Praetorius in command.

U-135 began her service career in training with the 5th U-boat Flotilla, before moving on to the 7th flotilla for operations.

Design

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German Type VIIC submarines were preceded by the shorter Type VIIB submarines. U-135 had a displacement of 769 tonnes (757 long tons) when at the surface and 871 tonnes (857 long tons) while submerged.[3] She had a total length of 67.10 m (220 ft 2 in), a pressure hull length of 50.50 m (165 ft 8 in), a beam of 6.20 m (20 ft 4 in), a height of 9.60 m (31 ft 6 in), and a draught of 4.74 m (15 ft 7 in). The submarine was powered by two MAN M 6 V 40/46 four-stroke, six-cylinder supercharged diesel engines producing a total of 2,800 to 3,200 metric horsepower (2,060 to 2,350 kW; 2,760 to 3,160 shp) for use while surfaced, two Brown, Boveri & Cie GG UB 720/8 double-acting electric motors producing a total of 750 metric horsepower (550 kW; 740 shp) for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two 1.23 m (4 ft) propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to 230 metres (750 ft).[3]

The submarine had a maximum surface speed of 17.7 knots (32.8 km/h; 20.4 mph) and a maximum submerged speed of 7.6 knots (14.1 km/h; 8.7 mph).[3] When submerged, the boat could operate for 80 nautical miles (150 km; 92 mi) at 4 knots (7.4 km/h; 4.6 mph); when surfaced, she could travel 8,500 nautical miles (15,700 km; 9,800 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph). U-135 was fitted with five 53.3 cm (21 in) torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and one at the stern), fourteen torpedoes, one 8.8 cm (3.46 in) SK C/35 naval gun, 220 rounds, and a 2 cm (0.79 in) C/30 anti-aircraft gun. The boat had a complement of between forty-four and sixty.[3]

Service history

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The boat sank three ships totalling 21,302 gross register tons (GRT) and damaged a fourth of 4,762 GRT.

First and second patrols

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The submarine's first patrol began with her departure from Kiel on 24 December 1941. Her route took her across the North Sea and into the Atlantic Ocean via the passage between the Orkney and Shetland Islands. As part of wolfpack 'Ziethen',[4][1] she sank Gandia on 22 January 1942 420 nmi (780 km; 480 mi) east of Cape Race, (Newfoundland). She arrived at St. Nazaire in occupied France on the 31st.

Her second foray was northeast of Iceland, but she returned to another port, Brest, on 3 April 1942.

Third and fourth patrols

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Her third sortie was her longest, at 71 days. Having departed Brest on 26 April 1942, she sank Fort Qu Appelle on 17 May north of Bermuda. She also sank Pleasantville on 8 June northwest of Bermuda before returning to St. Nazaire on 5 June.

U-135 discovered and shadowed convoy ON 122 during her fourth patrol, and was able to remain on patrol following heavy damage received when attacked with depth charges and Hedgehog by HNoMS Potentilla and HMS Viscount.[5] The boat was later attacked by a Czech-crewed Vickers Wellington aircraft of No. 311 Squadron RAF on 3 October 1942 in the Bay of Biscay. Only minor damage was sustained, but one man was killed and another died of his wounds.

Fifth and sixth patrols

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Her fifth sortie took her across the Atlantic, almost to the coast of Newfoundland.

U-135's sixth patrol was toward Greenland; she was attacked by a British B-24 Liberator of 120 Squadron northeast of Ireland on 8 February 1943. Some damage was repaired, but the boat was forced to return to Lorient on 10 March when further leaks were discovered.

Seventh patrol and loss

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U-135 under attack on 15 July 1943.

For her last patrol, she left Lorient on 7 June 1943. Northeast of the West Indies, she attacked and damaged Twickenham on the 15th. She then moved to the east Atlantic where she was attacked by the sloop HMS Rochester, the corvettes HMS Migonette and Balsam and a US PBY Catalina flying boat of VP-92. U-135 was sunk east of the Canary Islands on 15 July. Five men died, there were 41 survivors.

Wolfpacks

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U-135 took part in ten wolfpacks, namely:

  • Zieten (6 – 20 January 1942)
  • Westwall (2 – 12 March 1942)
  • York (12 – 25 March 1942)
  • Pfadfinder (21 – 27 May 1942)
  • Lohs (17 August - 20 September 1942)
  • Panzer (23 November - 11 December 1942)
  • Raufbold (11 – 19 December 1942)
  • Pfeil (3 – 8 February 1943)
  • Neptun (18 – 28 February 1943)
  • Trutz 2 (22 – 29 June 1943)

Summary of raiding history

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Date Name Nationality Tonnage
(GRT)
Fate[6]
22 January 1942 Gandia   Belgium 9,626 Sunk
17 May 1942 Fort Qu Appelle   United Kingdom 7,127 Sunk
18 June 1942 Pleassantville   Norway 4,549 Sunk
15 July 1943 Twickenham   United Kingdom 4,762 Damaged

References

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  1. ^ a b Helgason, Guðmundur. "The Type VIIC boat U-135". German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net. Retrieved 9 December 2014.
  2. ^ a b Kemp 1999, p. 131.
  3. ^ a b c d Gröner 1991, pp. 43–46.
  4. ^ Gannon, Michael - Operation Drumbeat - the dramatic true story of Germany's first U-boat attacks along the American coast in World War II, 1990, Harper and Row publishers, ISBN 0-06-016155-8, p. 200.
  5. ^ Blair, Clay (1996). Hitler's U-Boat War: The Hunters 1939-1942. Random House. p. 662&663. ISBN 0-394-58839-8.
  6. ^ Helgason, Guðmundur. "Ships hit by U-135". German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net. Retrieved 9 December 2014.

Bibliography

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  • Helgason, Guðmundur. "The Type VIIC boat U-135". German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net. Retrieved 9 December 2014.
  • Hofmann, Markus. "U 135". Deutsche U-Boote 1935-1945 - u-boot-archiv.de (in German). Retrieved 26 December 2014.

28°20′N 13°17′W / 28.333°N 13.283°W / 28.333; -13.283