Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-T2 is a signalling protein protein that in humans and vertebrates is encoded by the GNGT2 gene.[5][6][7] Either GNGT1 or GNGT2 is the gamma subunit of the Gβγ part of transducin (written G(T) or Gt), a heterotrimeric G-protein naturally expressed in vertebrate retina rod and cone cell of the eye, where it is thought to play a crucial role in phototransduction. GNGT2 only occurs in cone cells, and GNGT1 only occurs in rod cells.

GNGT2
Identifiers
AliasesGNGT2, G-GAMMA-8, G-GAMMA-C, GNG8, GNG9, GNGT8, G protein subunit gamma transducin 2, HG3I
External IDsOMIM: 139391; MGI: 893584; HomoloGene: 11325; GeneCards: GNGT2; OMA:GNGT2 - orthologs
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez
Ensembl
UniProt
RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_001198754
NM_001198755
NM_001198756
NM_031498

NM_001038664
NM_001284393
NM_001284397
NM_023121

RefSeq (protein)

NP_001185683
NP_001185684
NP_001185685
NP_113686

NP_001033753
NP_001271322
NP_001271326
NP_075610

Location (UCSC)Chr 17: 49.2 – 49.21 MbChr 11: 95.73 – 95.74 Mb
PubMed search[3][4]
Wikidata
View/Edit HumanView/Edit Mouse

As the gamma subunit (Gγ) of three different families of G proteins (G(I)/Gi, G(S)/Gs and G(O)Go), GNGT2 is expressed in at least 23 tissues[8] and other cell types, including monocytes of the vertebrate innate immune system, where at increased levels it has been shown to be a potential prognostic marker for some types of cancer, including esophageal cancer.[9]

Several transcript variants encoding the GNGT2 protein have been found for the GNGT2 gene. There is evidence for use of multiple polyadenylation sites by this gene.[6]

References

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  1. ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000167083Ensembl, May 2017
  2. ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000038811Ensembl, May 2017
  3. ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  5. ^ Ong OC, Hu K, Rong H, Lee RH, Fung BK (Nov 1997). "Gene structure and chromosome localization of the G gamma c subunit of human cone G-protein (GNGT2)". Genomics. 44 (1): 101–9. doi:10.1006/geno.1997.4814. PMID 9286705.
  6. ^ a b "Entrez Gene: GNGT2 guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), gamma transducing activity polypeptide 2".
  7. ^ "GNGT2 Gene search NCBI". National Center for Biotechnology Information. 2024-02-18. Retrieved 2024-02-18. vertebrates (410)
  8. ^ "GNGT2 G protein subunit gamma transducin 2 [Homo sapiens (Human)] - Gene - NCBI".
  9. ^ Liu, GM; Ji X, X; Lu TC, TC; Duan, LW (2019-12-28). "Comprehensive multi-omics analysis identified core molecular processes in esophageal cancer and revealed GNGT2 as a potential prognostic marker". World J. Gastroenterol. 25 (48): 6890–6901. doi:10.3748/wjg.v25.i48.6890. PMC 6938725. PMID 31908393.

Further reading

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