Francisco Maniago was a Filipino revolutionary leader who lived in the 17th century, during the Spanish colonization period in the Philippines. He led a revolt in Pampanga in 1660[1] against the bandala system, where the locals were forced to sell their agricultural products at low prices,[2] and the polo y servicio system, a form of forced labor where the locals worked on any government project without payment.[3]
Francisco Maniago | |
|---|---|
 Bust in Rizal Park | |
| Known for | 1660 revolt in Pampanga |
Revolt edit
Under polo y servicio, men in Pampanga worked as timber cutters for eight months,[4] which led to low agricultural harvests.[5] To show their opposition against the forced labor system, the men set their campsite on fire, and chose Francisco Maniago, the chief from Mexico, Pampanga, as their leader.[4]
Under Maniago, the revolting group closed the mouths of the rivers with stakes to disrupt commerce.[5] They also sent letters to chiefs in provinces outside of Pampanga, asking to join the revolt against Spain.[6]
Maniago's revolt was however short-lived. He made peace with the Spanish governor-general Sabiniano Manrique de Lara,[7] and was never heard from again. According to one account, he and his brother were killed.[8]
References edit
- ^ "History - Official Website of Municipality of Mexico, Province of Pampanga". 2016-06-14. Retrieved 2024-01-22.
- ^ The Filipino Moving Onward 5' 2007 Ed. Rex Bookstore, Inc. ISBN 978-971-23-4154-0.
- ^ Llemit, Kathleen A. "WATCH: Longest Spanish colonial bridge made of 100k adobe blocks still stands in Tayabas". Philstar.com. Retrieved 2024-01-22.
- ^ a b Constantino, Renato; Constantino, Letizia R. (1975). A History of the Philippines. NYU Press. ISBN 978-0-85345-394-9.
- ^ a b Halili, M. c (2004). Philippine History. Rex Bookstore, Inc. ISBN 978-971-23-3934-9.
- ^ "Milestones in the Struggle for Philippine Independence" (PDF). Current Events Review. II (1). Manila, Philippines: Manlapaz Publishing: 2. 1946.
- ^ Russell, Charles Edward (2005). The outlook for the Philippines.
- ^ Icban-Castro, Rosalina (1981). Literature of the Pampangos. University of the East Press.