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first published before 1946, According to Public Works and Government Services Canada / Travaux publics et Services gouvernementaux Canada, Canada has no intention of renewing expired Crown Copyright works in any country, and consequently the URAA does not apply. An email is on record at VRT ticket # 2013122310013986
2.
it was a photograph created before 1949
created before 1949
created before 1946
3.
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created after 1948—but before 1962
N/A
4.
it was a work by an identifiable author
* created by an author who died before 1972; * for authors who die after 1971, 70 years p.m.a.;
(but unpublished works by authors who died after 1948 but before 1979 will not enter the public domain until 2049),
published by an author who died before 1946
5.
where the creator is unknown
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B. publication before 1970, or (if not published) creation before 1945
but, where the creator becomes known prior to death (where the disclosure occurs prior to the initial term's anticipated expiry), the term becomes that attributable to works by an identifiable author. In the case of joint works, copyright extends accordingly to the death of the last identifiable author.
first published before 1946
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PD-CAPublic domain in Canada//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Marchioness_of_Dufferin_and_Ava.jpg
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PD-USPublic domain in the United States//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Marchioness_of_Dufferin_and_Ava.jpg
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Countess of Dufferin c1878, engraving published 1878, copied from a photograph taken in Ottawa Found here:[http://bibnum2.banq.qc.ca/bna/illustrations/htm/i1666.htm] {{PD-Canada}}
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