The fauna of Türkiye is abundant and very varied. The wildlife of Türkiye includes a great diversity of plants and animals, each suited to its own particular habitat, as it is a large country with many geographic and climatic regions About 1500 species of vertebrates have been recorded in the country and around 19,000 species of invertebrate. The country acts as a crossroads with links to Europe, Asia, and the Near East, and many birds use the country as a staging post during migration.

Caracal: One of Türkiye's wild cats
Common bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncates)

Overview

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Türkiye has a large range of habitat types and the diversity of its fauna is very great. There are nearly 1,500 species of vertebrate recorded of which over 100 species, mostly fish, are endemic. The country is on two major routes used by migratory birds which swells the numbers in spring and autumn. The invertebrates are also very diverse, with about 19,000 species being recorded including 4,000 endemics.[1]

Invertebrates

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Molluscs

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Insects

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There are over 250 species of ant in Türkiye,[2] 48 of which are endemic.[3]

Arachnids

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Vertebrates

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Amphibians

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Twenty-three species are endemic to Türkiye.[4]

Reptiles

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Twenty-three species are endemic to Türkiye.[4]

Birds

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Mammals

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Eight species are endemic to Türkiye.[4] Many species have declined in numbers, for example chamois, gazelle and mouflon, with shortage of staff to protect them claimed to be a factor.[5] DNA of 15 endangered large mammals will be stored.[6]

Fish

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One hundred sixty-one species of freshwater fish are endemic to Türkiye.[4]

Conservation

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Conservation action plans for 100 species are due to be completed by the end of 2019.[7]

Endangered species

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Extinct and locally extinct fauna

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The following species and populations have become extinct in Turkey in historical times.

Küre and Kaçkar Mountains National Parks have been suggested for rewilding.[13]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "Biodiversity in Turkey". IUCN. 7 May 2012.
  2. ^ "First annotated checklist of the ant fauna of Turkey (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)". ResearchGate. Retrieved 2019-06-15.
  3. ^ "Turkey - AntWiki". www.antwiki.org. Retrieved 2019-06-15.
  4. ^ a b c d "Animals and Plants Unique to Turkey". lntreasures.com. Retrieved 2019-06-15.
  5. ^ "Shortage of staff to protect wildlife in Turkey: Official - Turkey News". Hürriyet Daily News. Retrieved 2019-06-15.
  6. ^ "Endangered wild animals to be protected at gene bank in Turkey". DailySabah. 28 August 2018. Retrieved 2019-06-15.
  7. ^ "Thousands of wild animals back to life". Hürriyet Daily News. Retrieved 2019-06-15.
  8. ^ Freyhof, J. (2014). "Pseudophoxinus maeandricus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2014: e.T61349A19010083. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-1.RLTS.T61349A19010083.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
  9. ^ Stein, A.B.; Athreya, V.; Gerngross, P.; Balme, G.; Henschel, P.; Karanth, U.; Miquelle, D.; Rostro-Garcia, S.; Kamler, J.F.; Laguardia, A.; Khorozyan, I.; Ghoddousi, A. (2020). "Panthera pardus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T15954A163991139. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-1.RLTS.T15954A163991139.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
  10. ^ Üstay, A. H. (1990). Hunting in Turkey. Istanbul: BBA.
  11. ^ Can, Ö. E. (2004). Status, conservation and management of large carnivores in Turkey (PDF). Strasbourg: Convention on the conservation of European wildlife and natural habitats.
  12. ^ Özkan, Mustafa; Gürün, Kanat; Yüncü, Eren; Vural, Kıvılcım Başak; Atağ, Gözde; Akbaba, Ali; Fidan, Fatma Rabia; Sağlıcan, Ekin; Altınışık, Ezgi N.; Koptekin, Dilek; Pawłowska, Kamilla; Hodder, Ian; Adcock, Sarah E.; Arbuckle, Benjamin S.; Steadman, Sharon R. (July 2024). "The first complete genome of the extinct European wild ass ( Equus hemionus hydruntinus )". Molecular Ecology. 33 (14). doi:10.1111/mec.17440. ISSN 0962-1083.
  13. ^ ERDÖNMEZ, Cihan (2020). "Yeniden Yabanlaştırma: Ekosistem Yönetiminde Bir Yaklaşım" (in Turkish).
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