Estela Jiménez Esponda was a Mexican professor,[1] feminist, suffragist and women's rights activist. She directed the newspaper Nosotras (Us) and was a leader in the development of the Communist Party.
Estela Jiménez Esponda | |
|---|---|
| Born | Estela Jiménez Esponda |
| Nationality | Mexican |
| Occupation(s) | teacher, feminist, suffragette, politician |
| Years active | 1920s-1950s |
During the elections and early tenure of President Lázaro Cárdenas when it appeared he was supportive of women's achievement of the vote, Jiménez served as a sector leader of Party of the Mexican Revolution (PRM)[2] and was involved in the Frente Unico Pro Derechos de la Mujer (FUPDM) (United Front for Women‟s Rights). The FUPDM, which had begun in the 1920s,[3] declined after the unsuccessful ratification of the amendment to Article 34 of the Constitution granting enfranchisement to women.[4] Jiménez tried to revive the work, leading the PRM's Women's Block (1943), without much success[5] especially when the party reorganized as PRI and she moved further left. As she saw the effects of malnutrition, labor laws which worked against women, and lack of laws to protect women and children, her ideology became more in line with the communist and socialist parties of Mexico.[6]
She participated as an alternate delegate at the "round table of Mexican Marxists held in 1947[7] and in 1948 she was pushed out of the PRI.[8] In 1955 she ran as a candidate for federal deputy for the Communist Party for the Sixth District of Mexico.[9] She also was a member of the Ministry of Women's Action of the Federation of Employees of the State or FSTSE alongside Gloria Barrera, Maria del Refugio Garcia, Josefina Vicens and Francisca Zárate.[10]
References edit
- ^ Everado, Milton Castellanos (1994). Del Grijalva al Colorado : recuerdos y vivencias de un político (in Spanish) (1 ed.). Mexicali, B.C.: Secretaría de Educación Pública. ISBN 978-9-687-32622-1.
- ^ Tuñón Pablos, Enriqueta (17 October 2008). "Hace 55 años se decretó en México el derecho al sufragio femenino". Cimac Noticias (in Spanish). Mexico City, Mexico: communication and information of the AC Women. Retrieved 16 August 2015.
- ^ Schnaith, Marisa Caitlin Weiss (May 2009). "A Policy Window for Successful Social Activism: Abortion Reform in Mexico City". etd.ohiolink.edu. Oxford, Ohio: Miami University. pp. 29–30. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 16 August 2015.
- ^ Bauermeister, Jennifer L. (December 1999). "The Involvement of Women in Mexican Politics and Economics" (PDF). Pullman, Washington: Washington State University. pp. 4–5. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 16 August 2015.
- ^ Tuñón Pablos, Enriqueta. "El Derecho de las Mujeres al Sufragio" (PDF). Biblioteca Digital (in Spanish). Mexico City, Mexico: Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana. pp. 126–127. Retrieved 16 August 2015.
- ^ Tuñón, Enriqueta (2002). ¡Por fin... ya podemos elegir y ser electas! : el sufragio femenino en México, 1935 - 1953 (in Spanish) (1 ed.). México, D.F: Plaza y Valdés [u.a.] p. 66. ISBN 978-9-701-88318-1.
- ^ Bolívar Meza, Rosendo (1993). "La Mesa Redonda de los Marxistas Mexicanos: El Partido Popular y el Partido Popular Socialista". Estudios de Historia Moderna y Contemporánea de México (in Spanish). 16 (212). Mexico City, Mexico: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México: 193–213. Retrieved 16 August 2015.
- ^ "La rojería 2/3". Odepablo (in Spanish). Mexico: Los Tigres de la Falacia. Retrieved 16 August 2015.
- ^ Gerardo Peláez Ramos. "Partido Comunista Mexicano: su historia electoral" (PDF). Retrieved 16 August 2015.
- ^ "Biografía de Josefina Vicens". Comparte Libros (in Spanish). Comparte Libros. Retrieved 16 August 2015.