Emma Jacobina Christiana Marwedel, also known as Emma Marwedel (February 27, 1818 – November 17, 1893), was a German-American educator, known for her establishment of schools based upon Friedrich Fröbel's ideas.[1]
Emma Jacobina Christiana Marwedel | |
|---|---|
| Born | February 27, 1818 Hann. Münden, Germany |
| Died | November 17, 1893 (aged 75) |
Early life edit
Marwedel was born on February 27, 1818, in Hann. Münden.[1]
Educator edit
Marwedel was a teacher in Germany. In 1867, she became the first director of the Girls' Industrial School in Hamburg. Leveraging Friedrich Fröbel's ideas, she also operated a kindergarten.[1]
Elizabeth Peabody visited Marwedel in Germany and was impressed by her. After being invited by Peabody and Caroline Severance to come to the United States,[1] Marwedel founded the first private kindergarten in Washington, D.C. by 1872.[2] She developed a kindergarten teacher-training program[2] and established additional schools near Long Island, Los Angeles, and Brentwood.[1]
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In 1880, she opened her model kindergarten, Pacific Kindergarten Normal School, which she operated for six years. She retired in 1886.[1]
Later years and death edit
Marwedel died on November 17, 1893, in San Francisco in a German hospital.[2]
Publications edit
- Conscious Motherhood: or the Earliest Unfolding of the Child in the Cradle, Nursery and Kindergarten (1887)[1]
- The Connecting Link, to Continue the Three-Fold Development of the Child from the Cradle to the Manual-Labor School (1891)[1]
- Undated pamphlets such as An Appeal for Justice to Childhood, Games and Studies in Live Forms and Colors of Nature for Home and School.[1]