Eliya XI (Syriac: ܐܠܝܐ / Elīyā, 1700 - April 1778) was Patriarch of the Church of the East from 1722 to 1778, with his residence in Rabban Hormizd Monastery, near Alqosh, in modern Iraq. His father, the priest Hoshaba, was the brother of the previous patriarch Eliya X (died 14 December 1722). Upon that patriarch's death, Eliya XI was elected to the patriarchal see, and enthroned on 25 December 1722.[1]
Mar Eliya XI | |
|---|---|
| Catholicos-Patriarch of the East | |
| Church | Church of the East |
| Installed | 1722 |
| Term ended | 1778 |
| Predecessor | Eliya X |
| Successor | Eliya XII |
| Personal details | |
| Died | April 1778 |
| Residence | Rabban Hormizd Monastery |
At the beginning of the Ottoman–Persian War (1743–1746), his residence, the Patriarchal Monastery of Rabban Hormizd, was attacked and looted in 1743.[2] Faced with frequent conflicts between two mighty Islamic empires (Ottoman and Persian), local Christians in the frontier regions were constantly exposed to danger, not only in times of war, but also during the interwar years, since local Kurdish warlords were accustomed to attack Christian communities and monasteries. Patriarch Eliya XI tried to improve the increasingly worsening position of his Christian flock, by staying loyal to Ottoman authorities, but the local administration was frequently unable to provide effective protection.[3]
In older historiography, he was designated as Eliya XI,[4] but later renumbered as Eliya "XII" by some authors.[5][6] After the resolution of several chronological questions, he was designated again as Eliya XI,[7][8][9] and that numeration is generally accepted in recent scholarly works,[10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] with some exceptions.[18][19]
See also
editNotes
edit- ^ Wilmshurst 2000, p. 26, 29, 148, 196, 250-251.
- ^ Wilmshurst 2000, p. 205, 263.
- ^ Wilmshurst 2000, p. 28, 195, 242, 250–251, 355.
- ^ Malech & Malech 1910, p. 321.
- ^ Tisserant 1931, p. 261-263.
- ^ Fiey 1993, p. 39.
- ^ Lampart 1966, p. 64, 106.
- ^ Macomber 1969, p. 263-273.
- ^ Murre van den Berg 1999, p. 247.
- ^ Baum & Winkler 2000, p. 108-109, 152.
- ^ Baum & Winkler 2003, p. 119-120, 174.
- ^ Baum 2004, p. 234-235.
- ^ Baumer 2005, p. 250, 312.
- ^ Murre van den Berg 2006, p. 527.
- ^ Hage 2007, p. 473.
- ^ Burleson & Rompay 2011, p. 481-491.
- ^ Jakob 2014, p. 101.
- ^ Wilmshurst 2011, p. 477.
- ^ Wilmshurst 2019, p. 804.
References
edit- Baum, Wilhelm; Winkler, Dietmar W. (2000). Die Apostolische Kirche des Ostens: Geschichte der sogenannten Nestorianer. Klagenfurt: Kitab. ISBN 9783902005052.
- Baum, Wilhelm; Winkler, Dietmar W. (2003). The Church of the East: A Concise History. London-New York: Routledge-Curzon. ISBN 9781134430192.
- Baum, Wilhelm (2004). "Die sogenannten Nestorianer im Zeitalter der Osmanen (15. bis 19. Jahrhundert)". Zwischen Euphrat und Tigris: Österreichische Forschungen zum Alten Orient. Münster-Wien: LIT Verlag. pp. 229–246. ISBN 9783825882570.
- Baumer, Christoph (2005). Frühes Christentum zwischen Euphrat und Jangtse: Eine Zeitreise entlang der Seidenstraße zur Kirche des Ostens. Stuttgart: Urachhaus. ISBN 9783825174507.
- Baumer, Christoph (2006). The Church of the East: An Illustrated History of Assyrian Christianity. London-New York: Tauris. ISBN 9781845111151.
- Burleson, Samuel; Rompay, Lucas van (2011). "List of Patriarchs of the Main Syriac Churches in the Middle East". Gorgias Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Syriac Heritage. Piscataway, NJ: Gorgias Press. pp. 481–491.
- Fiey, Jean Maurice (1993). Pour un Oriens Christianus Novus: Répertoire des diocèses syriaques orientaux et occidentaux. Beirut: Orient-Institut. ISBN 9783515057189.
- Hage, Wolfgang (2007). Das orientalische Christentum. Stuttgart: Kohlhammer Verlag. ISBN 9783170176683.
- Jakob, Joachim (2014). Ostsyrische Christen und Kurden im Osmanischen Reich des 19. und frühen 20. Jahrhunderts. Münster: LIT Verlag. ISBN 9783643506160.
- Lampart, Albert (1966). Ein Märtyrer der Union mit Rom: Joseph I. 1681-1696, Patriarch der Chaldäer. Köln: Benziger Verlag.
- Macomber, William F. (1969). "A Funeral Madraša on the Assassination of Mar Hnanišo". Mémorial Mgr Gabriel Khouri-Sarkis (1898-1968). Louvain: Imprimerie orientaliste. pp. 263–273.
- Malech, George D.; Malech, Nestorius G. (1910). History of the Syrian nation and the Old Evangelical-Apostolic Church of the East: From Remote Antiquity to the Present Time. Minneapolis: Author's edition.
- Murre van den Berg, Heleen H. L. (1999). "The Patriarchs of the Church of the East from the Fifteenth to Eighteenth Centuries" (PDF). Hugoye: Journal of Syriac Studies. 2 (2): 235–264. doi:10.31826/hug-2010-020119. S2CID 212688640.
- Murre van den Berg, Heleen H. L. (2006). "A Neo-Aramaic Gospel Lectionary Translation by Israel of Alqosh". Loquentes linguis: Linguistic and Oriental Studies in Honour of Fabrizio A. Pennacchietti. Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. pp. 523–533. ISBN 9783447054843.
- Murre van den Berg, Heleen (2008). "Classical Syriac, Neo-Aramaic, and Arabic in the Church of the East and the Chaldean Church between 1500 and 1800". Aramaic in Its Historical and Linguistic Setting. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag. pp. 335–352. ISBN 9783447057875.
- Tisserant, Eugène (1931). "L'Église nestorienne". Dictionnaire de théologie catholique. Vol. 11. Paris: Letouzey et Ané. pp. 157–323.
- Wilmshurst, David (2000). The Ecclesiastical Organisation of the Church of the East, 1318–1913. Louvain: Peeters Publishers. ISBN 9789042908765.
- Wilmshurst, David (2011). The Martyred Church: A History of the Church of the East. London: East & West Publishing Limited. ISBN 9781907318047.
- Wilmshurst, David (2019). "The patriarchs of the Church of the East". The Syriac World. London: Routledge. pp. 799–805. ISBN 9781138899018.