Echidna nocturna is a moray eel found in the eastern Pacific Ocean, in the Gulf of California and around Peru and the Galapagos Islands.[1] It was first named by Cope in 1872,[1] and is commonly known as the freckled moray or the palenose moray.[2] It was discovered that Echidna nocturna and Muraena acutis are the same species.[3]
| Echidna nocturna | |
|---|---|
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Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Anguilliformes |
| Family: | Muraenidae |
| Genus: | Echidna |
| Species: | E. nocturna
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| Binomial name | |
| Echidna nocturna (Cope, 1872)
| |
Description edit
Echidna nocturna has a long snake-like body with an average vertebral count of 120.4 vertebrae.[4] The average length of an adult eel is 48.26 cm.[3] Juveniles range in size from 8.52 cm to 35.48 cm with the average length being 22 cm.[5] They weigh between 1.12g and 296.1 g with the average weight being 49.62 grams.[5] It is gray-brown in color with rows of small white spots along its body. Its nose is paler in color compared to the rest of its body.
Habitat and distribution edit
Echidna nocturna habitats are distributed throughout the tropical Eastern Pacific Ocean.[3] They are found in both intertidal and coral reef habitats.[5] Juveniles typically reside in rocky shore tidepools while adults reside near the tidepools or in coral reefs.[5] Like other moray eels they have a pelagic larval phase.[6]
Diet edit
Echidna nocturna is an exclusively carnivorous species.[7] They have a low niche breadth, meaning they are specialized feeders.[7] Their diet consists primarily of the shrimp Penaeoidea.[7] They also consume crabs (Brachyura), stomapoda, and some other small animals.[7] Echidna nocturna are sometimes host to Theletrum lamothei, a species of digenean parasite.[8] This species of Theletrum was first discovered in the intestine of Echidna nocturna.[8]
References edit
- ^ a b Echidna nocturna at www.fishbase.org.
- ^ Common names for Echidna nocturna at www.fishbase.org.
- ^ a b c Böhlke (deceased), Eugenia B.; Smith, David G. (October 2002). "Type Catalogue of Indo-Pacific Muraenidae". Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. 152 (1): 89–172. doi:10.1635/0097-3157(2002)152[0089:TCOIPM]2.0.CO;2. ISSN 0097-3157.
- ^ McCleneghan, Kim (1976-03-12). "Vertebral Counts of Some Pacific Morays (Family Muraenidae)". Copeia. 1976 (1): 207–210. doi:10.2307/1443798. JSTOR 1443798.
- ^ a b c d Castellanos-Galindo, G. A.; Giraldo, A.; Rubio, E. A. (August 2005). "Community structure of an assemblage of tidepool fishes on a tropical eastern Pacific rocky shore, Colombia". Journal of Fish Biology. 67 (2): 392–408. doi:10.1111/j.0022-1112.2005.00735.x. ISSN 0022-1112.
- ^ Reece, Js; Bowen, Bw; Smith, Dg; Larson, A (2011-09-15). "Comparative phylogeography of four Indo-Pacific moray eel species (Muraenidae) reveals comparable ocean-wide genetic connectivity despite five-fold differences in available adult habitat". Marine Ecology Progress Series. 437: 269–277. Bibcode:2011MEPS..437..269R. doi:10.3354/meps09248. ISSN 0171-8630.
- ^ a b c d Castellanos-Galindo, Gustavo Adolfo; Giraldo, Alan (March 2008). "Food resource use in a tropical eastern Pacific tidepool fish assemblage". Marine Biology. 153 (6): 1023–1035. doi:10.1007/s00227-007-0874-y. ISSN 0025-3162.
- ^ a b Rodríguez-Ortíz, Beatriz; García-Prieto, Luis; Pérez-Ponce de León, Gerardo (2014-07-10). "Checklist of the helminth parasites of vertebrates in Costa Rica". Revista de Biología Tropical. 52 (2): 313. doi:10.15517/rbt.v52i2.15249. ISSN 2215-2075.